湖州:中国美丽乡村建设发源地
2021-07-29郑嵇平杨骏
郑嵇平 杨骏
山从天目成群出,水傍太湖分港流。
行遍江南清丽地,人生只合住湖州。
古人的诗篇印刻在中国太湖之岸唯一因湖而得名的城市——湖州。
这座具有2000多年历史的滨湖之城,千百年来在横亘的田畴沃野书写传奇。
如今,在湖州的广袤田野,一批批新农人又开始了新一轮的忙碌。田间地头,先进农机欢快驰骋;农家院落,家风家训经典传承;乡村绿道,游客接待乐此不疲……
这里是中国美丽乡村建设的发源地。
2008年,湖州市安吉县围绕“村村优美、家家创业、处处和谐、人人幸福”目标、“环境提升、产业提升、服务提升、素质提升”四大工程和36项标准全面开展创建活动,在全国率先开展以“中国美丽乡村”为载体的社会主义新农村建设。
10多年来,湖州持续实施“千万工程”这一改善农村人居环境大行动,大力推进新农村建设,全域建设美丽乡村,与时俱进打造美丽乡村升级版,农村整体面貌得到根本性改变,美丽乡村成为湖州的一张金名片,探索走出了一条以生态文明建设为主线的乡村振兴之路。
演绎美丽乡村“连环计”
行径在太湖南岸,微风拂过,蒹葭初绿。依偎在世界灌溉工程遗产——太湖溇港的湖州美丽乡村勾勒出一幅连绵的风景图。
在溇港分布最多的吴兴区、高新区和织里镇滨湖的6座村庄去年联手干了一件漂亮事:在太湖堤岸旁合种芦苇,连起了保护太湖水环境的“绿色长城”。这一打破村界、共建宜居乡村环境的做法,正是当地打造新时代美丽乡村样板片区的智慧体现。
为了放大美丽乡村乘数效应,湖州于2020年在浙江省率先启动建设新时代美丽乡村样板片区,片区化、组团式推进乡村建设。
2020年以来,湖州筛选出一批典型村庄,突破单村建设发展模式,统筹推进连片村庄组团建设发展,对片区村庄进行生态化规划,对产业进行融合化提升,对环境进行景观化改善,对人文进行体验式挖掘,对经营模式进行组团化构建,推进打造吴兴“滨湖六村”、南浔“苕溪渔隐”和德清“莫干国际 · 智绘乡村”等10个新时代美丽乡村样板片区。
片区内原本“各自为政”的村庄穿点成线,促使美丽乡村从一处美向一片美、一时美向持久美转变,并且由外在美向内在美、形态美向制度美转型。这是湖州打造美丽乡村升级版的新路径。
在德清“莫干国际 · 智绘乡村”片区,2020年完成建设的莫干山综合治理智慧一期平台已投入使用,集成了莫干数图、旅游数图和交通数图等多方面的数据可视化展示功能,为这一带旅游业提供精准的线上信息服务,让片区内10座村庄共享一张“数字地图”。莫干山度假区管委会介绍,乡村未来社区是美丽乡村的升级版,乡村片区组团发展有利于数字化改革等一系列乡村振兴新手段的应用。
在新时代美丽乡村样板片区建设驱动下,湖州在去年率先实现了省级美丽乡村示范县全覆盖,美丽乡村的绿色产业家底更为厚实,而农民的获得感也实实在在。2020年,湖州在全省率先实现A级景区村庄全覆盖,并在全省率先实现城乡同质饮水。
激活田畴沃野“致富码”
竹海翻浪,茶香四溢。在安吉县递铺街道鲁家村,安吉盈元家庭农场负责人朱仁元这几天一头忙着组织白茶采摘,一头忙着白茶研学基地项目规划。2020年,他成了全国首宗农业“标准地”的获得者,打开了三产融合发展的新路径。
“过去这里除了搞种养,其他什么都不能做。现在,地还是这块地,所有权仍归村集体,但我可以合法合规地在这里建一座研学基地,农事体验、儿童夏令营的节目都可以安排上了。”朱仁元说。
产业兴旺方可撑起乡村振兴“脊梁”。
作为中国美丽乡村建设发源地,湖州一直以来致力于农村资源要素活力的激发,通过不断完善农业支持保护制度,尊重基层和群众创造,推动改革不断取得新突破。在一系列改革创新思维驱动下,湖州乡村产业走上了特色化、融合化、数字化、项目化、品牌化的高质量发展路子。
多年来,用地指标少、规划滞后、土地出让成本高、审批手续复杂等问题束缚着全国农村三产融合发展用地。为破解这一问题,湖州打破传统思维,在全国率先推出“标准地”政策。
湖州的农业“标准地”设置了投资主体规模、投资强度、亩均产出、吸纳就业人数等准入标准,出让价格参照同区域工业用地基准地价,远低于原来的商服用地价格。截至目前,全市已有82个项目获批农业“标准地”。
要牢牢把住粮食安全主动权,粮食生产年年要抓紧。在素有“鱼米之乡”之称的湖州,如何助推粮食产业高质量发展成为责无旁贷的使命担当。2020年,湖州“五优联动”试点做法在全省乃至全国粮食产业领域得到推广。
在试点实施中,湖州通过省内首创“粮库+粮企”合作收粮、共享储粮的收储机制和以市场定良种的创新做法,以订单形式引导种粮农民开展试点种植,打破原有“种什么收什么”的收储体系,升级粮食优质供给。
受益于“五优联动”试点经验,南浔区南浔镇灯塔村的湖州白兔粮油股份有限公司构建起了粮食种植、加工、仓储和销售的产业链,带动周边2000多户农户增产增收。企业负责人邱若飞介绍,企业目前每天向本地及杭州、上海等周边市场供应优质大米100多吨,“新办法让我们仓储成本降低了,而且即使遇到粮价波动,我们也不再为粮源发愁”。
扬起村庄阡陌“文明风”
村民家中若要办红白喜事,要向该村专职网格员递交申报表。这样的新鲜事就发生在长兴县洪桥镇陈家埭村。
村民陈志锋回忆起女儿去年的那场婚礼仍记忆犹新:“《红白喜事自办家宴申报表》里,申请人和当日厨师共同签名,宴请桌数及标準超标了可不行,过去铺张浪费的陋习都改了!”他说。
建设美丽乡村,物质文明和精神文明要一起抓,特别要注重提升农民精神风貌。多年来,湖州不断加强社会主义精神文明建设,加强农村思想道德建设,弘扬和践行社会主义核心价值观,普及科学知识,推进农村移风易俗,推动形成文明乡风、良好家风、淳朴民风。
當地以新时代文明实践中心建设为引领,通过在乡村阡陌开展文明实践、深化家风建设、开展乡风评议、推进移风易俗和强化文化服务平台建设等举措,着力提升农村文明素质,淳化农村乡风民俗,改善农村人居环境,丰富农村文化生活。
通过文明实践弘扬家风,成为湖州提升乡村文明水平的绝招。
在南浔区双林镇,居民顾振声自编的《培养良好的家风集》如今已成为儿女手中的文明宝典,8个篇章、5万余字的家风好故事被生动传承。“父亲的家风家训耳濡目染,教导我们在实践中不断学习和提升。”秉持最美家风的教诲,儿子顾永平在工作岗位上积极进取,被评为“南浔工匠”。
在湖州,乡风文明正成为广大村民的一种自觉。
“第一次考评时,我家在人居环境这块被扣了9分,经过考评人员的现场指导,立马进行整改,你们看看现在大变样了吧。”在安吉县递铺街道康山村,村民黄加清对自家重塑“文明档案”的故事津津乐道。该村创新性地实施了《康山村村民文明行为规范办法》,全村665户家庭自愿签订文明公约,接受文明考评,村民的文明意识大幅提升。
乡村振兴,既要塑形,也要铸魂。
在湖州,乡村文明已与城市文明共同构筑了文明之邦的经纬。
2020年,第六届全国文明城市名单中,湖州以地级市全国第一名的成绩通过复评;湖州下辖三县中,德清在县级全国文明城市中排名第一,长兴顺利通过复评,安吉获得全国文明城市称号。
湖州的文明之风不仅遍布城市,也劲吹乡村,在全国率先实现市县两级全国文明城市创建的“满堂红”。
A Yuan (1271-1368) poem thus heaps praise on Huzhou, a city with a history of over 2,000 years and the only city that is named after the Taihu Lake. Now, in Huzhou, a new generation of farmers are bustling around: advanced agricultural machinery is galloping forward merrily; in farmers courtyards, family traditions and instructions are being passed down; and along the village green trails, throngs of tourists are enjoying the idyllic rural life…
As the birthplace of Chinas Beautiful Countryside Campaign, Huzhou is witnessing a revitalization of its rural areas.
In 2008, Huzhous Anji county took the lead in building a “new socialist countryside”. Over the past decade, the county has been restoring the rural ecology by implementing Zhejiangs “Green Rural Revival Program”. Villages have been renovated, and rural landscapes have got full facelifts during the process. “Beautiful villages” are now Huzhous “golden name card”.
Since 2020, Huzhou has selected a number of model villages, and established a system where, instead of an individual village working on its own, a group of villages with similar endowments or features would pool their resources and collaborate in their efforts to improve the local environment and develop local economy through promoting featured industries like tourism. Villages in the citys Wuxing district, Nanxun district and Wuxing county have been cooperating in exactly such a manner and “integrated areas” encompassing these villages are being set up.
For example, along the south bank of the Taihu Lake, rather than each village “minding their own businesses” within their village boundaries, six villages have planted reeds together, erecting a “Green Great Wall” protecting the lakes ecology. In Deqing countys Moganshan area, 10 villages are sharing an integrated digital map that provides accurate online tourist information: it not only proves more convenient for tourists, but is more cost-effective for those villages involved.
These integration measures have greatly magnified the multiplier effect of the “Beautiful Countryside”. Indeed, Huzhou is committed to fully revitalizing agricultural resources through a series of reforms and innovative ideas.
“In the past, nothing could be done here except farming,” said Zhu Renyuan, an owner of a family-run farm commonly seen now in Huzhou. Hes been busy with harvesting white tea for the past few days, and planning to establish a white tea research base. “Today, on the same piece of land, whose ownership still belongs to the village collective, I can legally build a research base, and programs such as farming experience, children's summer camps can be arranged.”
Zhu is the first recipient of the so-called rural “standard land”, which not only allowed for commercial use of rural lands, but also significantly lowered the costs of land transfer. In the process, a new path of development integrating agricultural production, agricultural products processing and agriculture-related services has been opened for rural areas. So far, a total of 82 projects have been approved for their applications of rural “standard land”.
A “Beautiful Country” cannot be judged “beautiful” if progress is only made in the material aspect. Over the years, Huzhou has been continually improving public etiquette and ethical standards in the countryside.
“The applicant and the cook need to sign their names on the form,” Chen Zhifeng, a villager from Chenjiadai village, Hongqiao township of Changxing county, recalled the banquet held for his daughters wedding. “No waste of food is allowed!” The form Chen mentioned is specially designed for occasions like wedding, funerals and birthdays, when banquets are traditionally thrown, to cut waste.
In Shuanglin township, Nanxun district, a manual of family instructions compiled by Gu Zhensheng, a local resident, has become the “family bible”. In eight chapters and more than 50,000 words, Gus family traditions are told in vivid stories. “My family have learned a lot in these instructions and traditions, and we are greatly inspired both in life and at work,” said Gu Yongping, Gu Zhenshengs son and a model worker at Nanxun district.
In Huzhou, rural revitalization and urban development are making it more than a “place to live for a lifetime”.