Typs of powcr plants forengrgy generation (I) 用于发电的发电厂类型（一）

NS Energy

2月，美国暴风雪致电力瘫痪，德州的电费暴涨约200倍，一度电约65元。发电方式和发电厂也引起了众多好奇。本期就先介绍用核能、水力和燃煤三种能源发电的发电厂。

Nuclear power plants

Using a nuclear fission reaction and uranium as fuel， nuclear power plants lgenerate a high amount of electricity.

As nuclear power plants are considered to be a low-carbon energy source， the technology is widely thought of as a more environmentally-friendly 2）option.

When compared to renewable sources of energy such as solar and wind， the power generation from nuclear power plants is also considered to be more reliable.

Although the 3investment required to bring a nuclear power plant online is significant， the costs involved in operating them are relatively low.

Nuclear power plants require low quantities of fuel but produce a vast amount of power， making them particularly efficient once they are up and running.

Hydroelectric power plants

Hydroelectricity is produced by 4harnessing the gravitational force of flowing water. Compared to fosil fuel-powered energy plants， hydroelectric power plants 5lemit fewer greenhouse gases. But the construction of hydroelectric power plants and dams requires huge investment.

According to the International Hydropower Association's 2017 Hydropower Status Report， an estimated 31.5 gigawatts （GW） of hydropower capacity was put into operation in 2016， bringing the world's cumulative installed capacity to 1，246 GW.

China alone accounted for almost one third of global hydropower capacity and added about 11.74 GW of new capacity in 2016.

Gcal-fired power plants

According to the World Coal Association， coal-fired power plants accounted for about 37% of global electricity in 2018， with China possessing the world's largest fleet.

Coal-fired power plants use steam coal as a source to generate electricity and consequently emit a significant amount of harmful gases into the atmosphere.

In a bid to reduce greenhouse gas emissions， many developed nations have already announced plans to phase out coal-fired power plants.

Canada plans to phase out its coal plants by 2030， while the UK has set a deadline of 2025 and Germany is aiming to remove the technology from its electrcity grid by 2038.

1） generate 【'd3enarelt】 v.产生

2） option 【'opJn】n.选择

3）investment 【nvestmant】n.投入

4） harness 【'ha：nls】 v.利用

5） emit 【i'mt v.发出，散发

核电厂

核电站利用核裂变反应和铀作为燃料，生产大量电能。

由于核电厂被认为是低碳能源，因此该技术被广泛认为是一种更环保的选择。

与太阳能和风能等可再生能源相比，核电站的发电也被认为更可靠。

尽管使核电厂上线所需的投资是巨大的，但运行它们所涉及的成本相对较低。

核电站只需要少量的燃料，就会产生大量的电能，一旦启动并运行，它们就会变得特别高效。水力发电厂水电是通过流动的水的重力产生的。

与以化石燃料为动力的发电厂相比，水力发电厂排放的温室气体更少。但是水力发电厂和水坝的建设需要大量投资。

根据国际水电协会的《2017年水电状况报告》，2016年估计有31.5吉瓦的水电装机投入运行，使世界累计装机容量达到1，246吉瓦。

中国占全球水电容量的近三分之一，2016年新增容量约11.74吉瓦。

燃煤电厂

根据世界煤炭协会的数据，2018年燃煤电厂约占全球电力的37%，中国拥有全球最大的燃煤发电机组。

燃煤发电厂使用动力煤来发电，并因此向大气排放大量温室气体。

为了减少温室气体排放，许多发达国家已经宣布了逐步淘汰燃煤电厂的计划。

加拿大计划在2030年之前逐步淘汰其燃煤电厂，而英国设定了2025年为最后期限，德国的目标是到2038年將其从电网中淘汰。