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五味子茎叶的化学成分研究

2021-04-17赵倩倩张少军万闽歌曹云刚

中草药 2021年23期
关键词:无定形波谱五味子

赵倩倩,张少军,万闽歌,刘 琦,曹云刚*,何 瑞*

五味子茎叶的化学成分研究

赵倩倩1,张少军1,万闽歌2,刘 琦3,曹云刚1*,何 瑞3*

1. 陕西科技大学食品与生物工程学院,陕西 西安 710000 2. 陕西国际商贸学院医药学院,陕西 西安 710000 3. 西安阿房宫药业股份有限公司,陕西 西安 710000

对五味子茎叶的化学成分进行研究。利用大孔吸附树脂、葡聚糖凝胶、硅胶柱色谱、半制备高效液相色谱等多种色谱方法分离纯化,根据理化性质及波谱数据对化合物进行结构鉴定。从五味子茎叶75%丙酮提取物中分离得到15个化合物,分别鉴定为schisanlatone C(1)、henrischinin B(2)、henrischinin C(3)、schisanlactone B(4)、schizandronic acid(5)、kadnanolactone C(6)、rubrisandrin C(7)、异戈米辛O(8)、(−)-gomisin M(9)、met A-III(10)、五味子醇甲(11)、戈米辛R(12)、4--methylsaurucinol H(13)、(3,5,6,7)-5,6-epoxy-3-hydroxy-7-megastigmen-9-one(14)、(6,9)-9-hydroxy-4,6-megastigmadien-3-one(15)。化合物5~7、13~15为首次从该植物中分离得到,其中化合物13~15为首次从五味子属植物中分离得到。

五味子;三萜;木脂素;异戈米辛O;五味子醇甲;戈米辛R

五味子(Turcz.) Baill.为五味子属Michx. 植物干燥成熟果实,是我国传统中药,具有收敛固涩、益气生津、补肾宁心之功效[1]。研究结果表明,五味子茎叶中含有与果实类似的化学成分,4年生以上藤茎中五味子甲素、五味子乙素含量均高于果实[2]。五味子果实研究的相对较多也较为成熟,鉴于五味子茎叶中也含有类似的化学成分,因而越来越受到人们的关注。目前从五味子茎叶中分离得到的化合物主要为三萜和木脂素类化合物,这些化合物普遍具有抗病毒、抗细胞毒、抗肝炎、抗艾滋病病毒等活性[1-5]。本实验对五味子茎叶的化学成分进行了系统研究,从其75%丙酮提取物中共分离鉴定了15个化合物,schisanlatone C(1)、henrischinin B(2)、henrischinin C(3)、schisanlactone B(4)、schizandronic acid(5)、kadnanolactone C(6)、rubrisandrin C(7)、异戈米辛O(-gomisin O,8)、(−)-gomisin M(9)、met A-III(10)、五味子醇甲(gomisin A,11)、戈米辛R(gomisin R,12)、4--methylsaurucinol H(13)、(3,5,6,7)-5,6-epoxy-3-hydroxy-7-megastigmen-9- one(14)、(6,9)-9-hydroxy-4,6-megastigmadien-3- one(15)。化合物1~3、6为环阿屯烷型三萜,化合物4、5为羊毛脂烷型三萜,化合物7~12为联苯环辛烯型木脂素,化合物13为四氢呋喃型木脂素。化合物5~7、13~15为首次从该植物中分离得到,其中化合物13~15为首次从五味子属植物中分离得到。该研究为五味子药材的综合开发利用及药物研发提供理论参考。

1 仪器与材料

GCMS-TQ8030质谱仪(日本岛津公司);Bruker ADVANCE Ⅲ 400 MHz核磁共振波谱仪(美国Bruker公司);Waters 1525半制备型高效液相色谱仪(美国Waters公司);色谱柱:SunFire(C18,150 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm,);葡聚糖凝胶LH-20(Amersham Biosciences);薄层色谱硅胶(GF254,10~40 μm)以及正相柱色谱所用的硅胶(200~300目),青岛海洋化工厂;大孔树脂HP-20(日本三菱公司)。

五味子茎叶于2014年8月采自陕西省宝鸡凤县的秦岭山,由兰州大学药学院李建银教授鉴定为五味子属植物五味子(Turcz.) Baill.。植物标本(20140824-01)存放于兰州大学化学化工学院国家重点实验室天然有机研究室。

2 提取与分离

五味子茎叶9.8 kg干燥后粉碎,70%丙酮浸泡3次,每次7 d。合并后减压蒸馏得粗浸膏水溶液,用醋酸乙酯萃取,减压蒸馏得粗膏220.7 g,用少量甲醇溶解后进行大孔树脂柱色谱,甲醇-水(3∶7、5∶5、8∶2、9∶1、10∶0)梯度洗脱。大孔树脂90%部分洗脱液减压蒸馏得到粗样品59.2 g。该部分样品进行硅胶柱色谱,石油醚-丙酮(20∶1、10∶1、5∶1、2∶1、1∶1、0∶1)梯度洗脱,得到6个组分(Fr. A~F)。

Fr. C(3.1 g)进行反相硅胶柱色谱,甲醇-水(5∶5、6∶4、7∶3、8∶2、9∶1、1∶0)梯度洗脱,共得到6个组分Fr. C1~C6。Fr. C2和Fr. C3分别经葡聚糖凝胶经甲醇洗脱后得到5个组分,后用半制备高效液相色谱[甲醇-水(3∶7),2 mL/min]进行纯化,依次得到化合物1(2.2 mg,R=26 min)、2(3.2 mg,R=35 min)、3(10.2 mg,R=31 min)、4(2.0 mg,R=50 min)、5(2.5 mg,R=16 min)、6(2.2 mg,R=40 min)。

Fr. D(2.7 g)、Fr. E(3.3 g)经薄层色谱检测所含的化合物相似,合并后进行反相硅胶柱色谱,甲醇-水(6∶4、7∶3、8∶2、9∶1、1∶0)为洗脱剂进行梯度洗脱,得到5个组分Fr. D1~D5。Fr. D2和Fr. D3有白色固体析出,醋酸乙酯重结晶后得到化合物8(11.2 mg)、9(8.7 mg)、10(21.7 mg),合并母液后进行硅胶柱色谱,氯仿-醋酸乙酯(1∶0~0∶1)为洗脱剂进行梯度洗脱,后经葡聚糖凝胶以甲醇为洗脱剂洗脱得到3个组分,半制备高效液相色谱 [甲醇-水(1∶3),2 mL/min]进行纯化,分别得到化合物7(2.4 mg,R=17.5 min)、11(1.2 mg,R=22 min)、12(2.1 mg,R=25 min)、13(3.9 mg,R=33 min)。半制备高效液相色谱 [甲醇-水(1∶6),2 mL/min]进行纯化,分别得到化合物14(5.2 mg,R=22 min)、15(5.1 mg,R=29 min)。

3 结构鉴定

化合物1:白色无定形粉末状固体;1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): 6.68 (1H, d,= 12.2 Hz, H-1), 5.82 (1H, d,= 12.2 Hz, H-2), 6.61 (1H, d,= 6.1 Hz, H-24), 6.21 (1H, s, H-19), 4.30 (1H, dd,= 3.6, 12.8 Hz, H-22), 2.49 (1H, m, H-5), 1.92 (3H, s, Me-27), 1.52 (3H, s, Me-29), 1.40 (3H, s, Me-30), 1.30 (3H, s, Me-21), 1.12 (3H, s, Me-28), 0.92 (3H, s, Me-18);13C-NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3): 143.1 (C-1), 117.7 (C-2), 167.2 (C-3), 80.54 (C-4), 49.3 (C-5), 39.7 (C-6), 26.7 (C-7), 150.3 (C-8), 129.0 (C-9), 139.4 (C-10), 28.3 (C-11), 30.5 (C-12), 45.5 (C-13), 52.3 (C-14), 30.6 (C-15), 25.2 (C-16), 48.5 (C-17), 17.6 (C-18), 143.6 (C-19), 75.0 (C-20), 21.5 (C-21), 82.6 (C-22), 21.7 (C-23), 139.2 (C-24), 128.2 (C-25), 165.6 (C-26), 16.6 (C-27), 27.2 (C-28), 26.2 (C-29), 29.2 (C-30)。以上波谱数据与文献报道一致[6],故鉴定化合物1为schisanlatone C。

化合物2:白色无定形粉末状固体;1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): 6.65 (1H, d,= 12.2 Hz, H-1), 5.81 (1H, d,= 12.2 Hz, H-2), 6.22 (1H, s, H-19), 4.56 (1H, s, H-22), 0.75, 1.06, 1.39, 1.53, 1.72, 2.11 (各3H, s, 6×Me);13C-NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3): 143.6 (C-1), 118.2 (C-2), 166.6 (C-3), 80.2 (C-4), 49.3 (C-5), 39.5 (C-6), 28.2 (C-7), 150.5 (C-8), 129.2 (C-9), 139.7 (C-10), 26.6 (C-11), 30.2 (C-12), 44.7 (C-13), 51.8 (C-14), 31.2 (C-15), 27.6 (C-16), 48.6 (C-17), 17.5 (C-18), 143.8 (C-19), 48.5 (C-20), 33.2 (C-21), 85.5 (C-22), 34.1 (C-23), 46.0 (C-24), 82.7 (C-25), 170.1 (C-26), 26.2 (C-27), 27.1 (C-28), 26.0 (C-29), 29.1 (C-30), 170.3, 21.3 (OAc)。以上波谱数据与文献报道一致[7],故鉴定化合物2为henrischinin B。

化合物3:白色无定形粉末状固体;1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): 6.12 (1H, d,= 12.4 Hz, H-1), 6.17 (1H, d,= 12.4 Hz, H-2), 2.32 (1H, dd,= 12.6, 4.6 Hz, H-5), 0.78 (3H, s, H-18), 0.78~0.86 (1H, d,= 4.6 Hz, H-19), 1.02~1.08 (1H, d,= 4.6 Hz, H-19β), 2.26~2.35 (1H, m, H-20), 4.56 (1H, br s, H-22), 2.52~2.57 (1H, t,= 4.4 Hz, H-24), 1.73 (3H, s, H-27), 0.76 (3H, s, H-28), 1.30 (3H, s, H-29), 1.32 (3H, s, H-30);13C-NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3): 151.2 (C-1), 120.7 (C-2), 166.9 (C-3), 84.0 (C-4), 46.6 (C-5), 23.7 (C-6), 24.2 (C-7), 44.8 (C-8), 33.5 (C-9), 28.7 (C-10), 32.8 (C-11), 28.6 (C-12), 45.7 (C-13), 48.9 (C-14), 35.2 (C-15), 28.8 (C-16), 50.2 (C-17), 18.3 (C-18), 31.8 (C-19), 49.2 (C-20), 30.1 (C-21), 85.1 (C-22), 33.6 (C-23), 46.9 (C-24), 74.3 (C-25), 177.2 (C-26), 28.8 (C-27), 18.6 (C-28), 22.2 (C-29), 29.2 (C-30)。以上波谱数据与文献报道一致[7],故鉴定化合物3为henrischinin C。

化合物4:白色粉末状无定形固体;1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): 0.91 (3H, s, Me-18), 0.56 (1H, d,= 4.0 Hz, H-19α), 0.77 (1H, d,= 4.0 Hz, H-19β), 0.89 (3H, d,= 3.6 Hz, Me-21), 6.08 (1H, t,= 6.8 Hz, H-24), 1.90 (3H, s, Me-27), 1.06 (3H, s, Me-28), 1.09 (3H, s, Me-29), 0.98 (3H, s, Me-30);13C-NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3): 35.7 (C-1), 37.2 (C-2), 216.8 (C-3), 50.2 (C-4), 48.5 (C-5), 21.6 (C-6), 28.5 (C-7), 47.7 (C-8), 21.1 (C-9), 26.2 (C-10), 26.7 (C-11), 35.7 (C-12), 45.3 (C-13), 48.5 (C-14), 33.2 (C-15), 26.7 (C-16), 52.3 (C-17), 18.5 (C-18), 29.6 (C-19), 36.2 (C-20), 18.2 (C-21), 32.5 (C-22), 25.6 (C-23), 147.0 (C-24), 125.8 (C-25), 173.2 (C-26), 20.6 (C-27), 19.5 (C-28), 22.2 (C-29), 20.5 (C-30)。以上波谱数据与文献报道一致[8],故鉴定化合物4为schizandronic acid。

化合物5:白色无定形粉末状固体;1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): 6.12 (1H, d,= 12.2 Hz, H-1), 5.96 (1H, d,= 12.2 Hz, H-2), 2.44 (1H, m, H-5), 1.85 (1H, m, H-6a), 0.81 (1H, m, H-6b), 1.47 (1H, m, H-7a), 1.22 (1H, m, H-7b), 1.80 (1H, m, H-8), 1.56~1.65 (1H, m, H-11a), 2.07 (1H, m, H-11b), 1.67 (1H, m, H-12a), 1.70 (1H, m, H-12b), 1.58-1.62 (1H, m, H-15a), 1.77 (1H, m, H-15b), 1.35-1.45 (2H, m, H-16), 1.58~1.62 (1H, m, H-17), 0.99 (3H, s, Me-18), 1.26 (1H, d,= 5.2 Hz, H-19a), 1.03 (1H, d,= 5.2 Hz, H-19b), 2.06 (1H, m, H-20), 0.99 (3H, d,= 6.6 Hz, Me-21), 4.46 (1H, m, H-22), 2.13 (1H, m, H-23a), 2.37 (1H, m, H-23b), 6.60 (1H, m, H-24), 1.92 (3H, s, Me-27), 0.90 (3H, s, Me-28), 1.37 (3H, s, Me-29), 1.35 (3H, s, Me-30);13C-NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3): 150.7 (C-1), 120.6 (C-2), 167.5 (C-3), 84.6 (C-4), 46.5 (C-5), 24.7 (C-6), 29.1 (C-7), 45.1 (C-8), 33.6 (C-9), 28.7 (C-10), 32.1 (C-11), 32.5 (C-12), 48.9 (C-13), 45.2 (C-14), 26.6 (C-15), 35.3 (C-16), 48.0 (C-17), 16.6 (C-18), 24.2 (C-19), 39.2 (C-20), 13.5 (C-21), 80.7 (C-22), 23.9 (C-23), 139.6 (C-24), 128.5 (C-25), 166.6 (C-26), 17.2 (C-27), 19.1 (C-28), 29.2 (C-29), 21.9 (C-30)。以上波谱数据与文献报道一致[9],故鉴定化合物5为schisanlactone B。

化合物6:白色无定型粉末状固体;1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): 1.66 (1H, m, H-1β), 1.76 (1H, m, H-1α), 2.62 (1H, m, H-2α), 2.55 (1H, m, H-2β), 1.98 (1H, m, H-5), 1.56 (1H, m, H-6β), 2.09 (1H, m, H-6α), 1.47 (1H, m, H-7β), 1.72 (1H, m, H-7α), 1.71 (1H, m, H-11α), 1.66 (1H, m, H-11β), 2.12 (1H, m, H-12α), 2.00 (1H, m, H-12β), 1.23 (2H, m, H-15), 1.41 (1H, m, H-16α), 2.05 (1H, m, H-16β), 1.52 (1H, m, H-17), 0.76 (3H, s, Me-18), 1.23 (3H, s, Me-19), 2.02 (1H, m, H-20), 0.99 (3H, d,= 6.8 Hz, Me-21), 4.50 (1H, m, H-22), 2.38 (1H, m, H-23), 6.63 (1H, m, H-24), 1.91 (3H, s, Me-27), 0.88 (3H, s, Me-28), 1.53 (3H, s, Me-29), 1.44 (3H, s, Me-30);13C-NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3): 36.7 (C-1), 32.6 (C-2), 174.5 (C-3), 86.2 (C-4), 49.6 (C-5), 23.7 (C-6), 27.2 (C-7), 134.2 (C-8), 133.5 (C-9), 39.7 (C-10), 31.2 (C-11), 21.3 (C-12), 44.3 (C-13), 49.7 (C-14), 31.2 (C-15), 26.1 (C-16), 46.0 (C-17), 15.8 (C-18), 20.2 (C-19), 39.7 (C-20), 13.6 (C-21), 80.2 (C-22), 23.1 (C-23), 139.2 (C-24), 128.2 (C-25), 166.8 (C-26), 17.6 (C-27), 24.7 (C-28), 30.8 (C-29), 26.2 (C-30)。以上波谱数据与文献报道一致[10],故鉴定化合物6为kadnanolactone C。

化合物7:白色粉末状固体;1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): 6.49 (1H, s, H-4), 6.39 (1H, s, H-11), 0.86 (3H, d,= 7.2 Hz, H-17), 0.93 (3H, d,= 7.2 Hz, H-18), 3.82 (3H, s, OMe), 3.87 (3H, s, OMe), 4.25 (1H, d,= 7.2 Hz, H-6α), 5.91 (2H, s, -OCH2O-), 5.92 (2H, s, -OCH2O-);13C-NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3): 141.5 (C-1), 136.6 (C-2), 148.0 (C-3), 105.3 (C-4), 136.2 (C-5), 81.1 (C-6), 40.2 (C-7), 37.3 (C-8), 37.8 (C-9), 135.5 (C-10), 102.7 (C-11), 149.2 (C-12), 134.7 (C-13), 141.5 (C-14), 120.2 (C-15), 121.3 (C-16), 16.6 (C-17), 17.6 (C-18), 59.9 (-OMe), 59.8 (-OMe), 100.7 (-OCH2O-), 101.6 (-OCH2O-)。以上波谱数据与文献报道一致[11],故鉴定化合物7为rubrisandrin C。

化合物8:无色油状物;1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): 6.51 (1H, s, H-4), 6.45 (1H, s, H-11), 5.92 (2H, s, OCH2O), 4.31 (1H, s, H-6), 1.77 (2H, d,= 4.1 Hz, H-8), 1.90~2.48 (2H, m, H-9), 0.83 (3H, d,= 6.8 Hz, H-17), 0.96 (3H, d,= 6.8 Hz, H-18);13C- NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3): 151.6 (C-1), 141.7 (C-2), 152.3 (C-3), 110.1 (C-4), 137.2 (C-5), 81.2 (C-6), 40.1 (C-7), 37.2 (C-8), 38.1 (C-9), 135.5 (C-10), 102.3 (C-11), 149.0 (C-12), 134.6 (C-13), 141.2 (C-14), 120.1 (C-15), 122.1 (C-16), 17.7 (C-17), 16.8 (C-18), 100.6 (-OCH2O), 60.7 (-OMe), 59.6 (-OMe), 60.1 (-OMe), 56.2 (-OMe)。以上波谱数据与文献报道一致[12],故鉴定化合物8为异戈米辛O。

化合物9:淡黄色油状物;1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): 6.46 (1H, s, H-4), 2.47 (1H, dd,= 2.2, 13.4 Hz, H-6α), 2.55 (1H, dd,= 6.6, 13.4 Hz, H-6β), 1.87 (1H, m, H-7), 1.82 (1H, m, H-8), 2.11 (1H, dd,= 8.4, 13.0 Hz, H-9α), 2.06 (1H, brd,= 13.0 Hz, H-9β), 6.40 (1H, s, H-11), 0.96 (3H, d,= 6.6 Hz, H-17), 0.72 (3H, d,= 6.6 Hz, H-18), 3.86 (3H, s, OCH3), 3.85 (3H, s, OCH3), 3.65 (3H, s, OCH3), 5.92 (2H, s, OCH2O);13C-NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3): 146.2 (C-1), 133.5 (C-2), 151.1 (C-3), 108.5 (C-4), 136.0 (C-5), 38.8 (C-6), 33.5 (C-7), 41.3 (C-8), 35.2 (C-9), 138.1 (C-10), 101.8 (C-11), 148.5 (C-12), 132.1 (C-13), 137.2 (C-14), 116.7 (C-15), 114.2 (C-16), 21.6 (C-17), 12.5 (C-18), 61.2 (OMe), 61.2 (OMe), 56.1 (OMe), 101.2 (OCH2O)。以上波谱数据与文献报道一致[13],故鉴定化合物9为(−)-gomisin M。

化合物10:白色无定形粉末;1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): 6.63 (1H, s, H-14), 6.47 (1H, s, H-11), 2.68 (1H, d,= 13.6 Hz, H-6α), 2.33 (1H, d,= 13.6 Hz, H-6β), 2.38 (1H, dd,= 14.2, 7.0 Hz, H-9α), 2.56 (1H, dd,= 14.2, 2.2 Hz, H-9β), 1.89 (1H, m, H-8), 0.82 (3H, d,= 7.2 Hz, Me-17), 1.26 (3H, s, Me-18), 3.40 (3H, s, OMe), 3.83 (3H, s, OMe), 3.95 (3H, s, OMe), 5.97 (2H, s, OCH2O), 5.61 (1H, s, Ar-OH);13C-NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3): 145.1 (C-1), 137.3 (C-2), 146.5 (C-3), 110.3 (C-4), 127.5 (C-5), 40.3 (C-6), 71.6 (C-7), 42.2 (C-8), 33.7 (C-9), 132.6 (C-10), 106.3 (C-11), 148.3 (C-12), 135.2 (C-13), 141.5 (C-14), 121.7 (C-15), 123.2 (C-16), 15.7 (C-17), 30.2 (C-18), 101.2 (OCH2O), 60.3, 59.8, 56.2 (3×OMe)。以上波谱数据与文献报道一致[14],故鉴定化合物10为met A-III。

化合物11:白色无定形粉末;1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): 6.60 (1H, s, H-14), 6.45 (1H, s, H-11), 2.67 (1H, d,= 13.4 Hz, H-6α), 2.37 (1H, d,= 13.4 Hz, H-6β), 2.33 (1H, dd,= 14.0, 6.8 Hz, H-9α), 2.62 (1H, dd,= 14.0, 2.0 Hz, H-9β), 1.86 (1H, m, H-8), 0.82 (3H, d,= 7.0 Hz, Me-17), 1.22 (3H, s, Me-18), 3.52 (3H, s, OMe), 3.86 (3H, s, OMe), 3.91 (3H, s, OMe), 3.91 (3H, s, OMe), 5.93 (2H, s, OCH2O);13C-NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3): 152.1 (C-1), 140.9 (C-2), 152.5 (C-3), 110.3 (C-4), 132.5 (C-5), 40.7 (C-6), 71.7 (C-7), 42.1 (C-8), 33.8 (C-9), 132.7 (C-10), 105.7 (C-11), 147.6 (C-12), 135.2 (C-13), 141.5 (C-14), 121.6 (C-15), 124.3 (C-16), 15.5 (C-17), 30.1 (C-18), 100.6 (OCH2O), 60.7, 59.5, 61.2, 56.2 (4×OMe)。以上波谱数据与文献报道一致[15],故鉴定化合物11为五味子醇甲。

化合物12:为白色无定型粉末;1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): 0.89 ( 6H, d,= 6.4 Hz, Me-17, 18), 1.89-2.58 (1H, m, H-9), 1.71 (2H, m, H-7, 8), 4.28 (1H, d,= 7.2 Hz, H-6), 3.78 (3H, s, OMe), 3.92 (3H, s, OMe), 5.91 (2H, s, OCH2O), 5.96 (2H, s, OCH2O), 6.39 (1H, s, H-11), 6.49 (1H, s, H-4);13C-NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3): 141.6 (C-1), 136.6 (C-2), 148.0 (C-3), 105.3 (C-4), 136.3 (C-5), 81.3 (C-6), 40.2 (C-7), 37.2 (C-8), 38.0 (C-9), 135.6 (C-10), 102.2 (C-11), 149.3 (C-12), 134.6 (C-13), 141.5 (C-14), 120.6 (C-15), 121.2 (C-16), 16.6 (C-17), 17.5 (C-18), 60.9, 60.2, 55.8 (6×OMe)。以上波谱数据与文献报道一致[12],故鉴定化合物12为戈米辛R。

化合物13:无色油状物;1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): 6.97 (1H, s, H-2), 6.87 (1H, d,= 8.2 Hz, H-5), 6.96 (1H, d,= 8.2 Hz, H-6), 4.51 (1H, m, H-7, 7′), 2.33 (1H, m, H-8, 8′), 1.07 (3H, d,= 6.6 Hz, Me-9), 6.66 (1H, s, H-2′, 6′), 1.01 (3H, d,= 6.6 Hz, Me-9′), 3.82~3.86 (15H, s, 5-OMe);13C-NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3): 134.5 (C-1), 110.0 (C-2), 149.5 (C-3), 148.3 (C-4), 111.1 (C-5), 118.9 (C-5), 87.7 (C-7), 44.7 (C-8), 13.7 (C-9), 138.6 (C-1′), 103.6 (C-2′, 6′), 153.2 (C-3′, 5′), 138.6 (C-4′), 87.2 (C-7′), 44.0 (C-8′), 13.3 (C-9′), 56.0, 56.1, 56.3, 56.3, 61.2 (5×OMe)。以上波谱数据与文献报道一致[16],故鉴定化合物13为4--methylsaurucinol H。

化合物14:无色油状物;1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): 1.30, 1.62 (1H, each, m, H-2), 3.90 (1H, m, H-3), 2.37, 1.67 (1H, each, m, H-4), 7.05 (1H, d,= 15.6 Hz, H-7), 6.26 (1H, d,= 15.6 Hz, H-8), 2.27 (3H, s, Me-10), 1.22 (3H, s, Me-11), 0.98 (3H, s, Me-12), 1.56 (3H, s, Me-13);13C-NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3): 35.7 (C-1), 40.7 (C-2), 64.0 (C-3), 47.2 (C-4), 67.1 (C-5), 69.5 (C-6), 142.6 (C-7), 132.6 (C-8), 197.8 (C-9), 28.3 (C-10), 29.6 (C-11), 25.0 (C-12), 20.2 (C-13)。以上波谱数据与文献报道一致[17],故鉴定化合物14为(3,5,6,7)-5,6-epoxy-3- hydroxy-7-megastigmen-9-one。

化合物15:无色油状物;1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): 2.30 (2H, m, H-2), 5.92 (1H, s, H-5), 5.76 (1H, t,= 7.2 Hz, H-7), 2.49 (2H, m, H-8), 3.92 (1H, m, H-9), 1.26 (3H, d,= 6.2 Hz, Me-10), 1.18 (3H, s, Me-11), 1.18 (3H, s, Me-12), 2.25 (3H, s, Me-13);13C- NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3): 40.7 (C-1), 53.0 (C-2), 199.1 (C-3), 129.0 (C-4), 144.7 (C-5), 155.9 (C-6), 126.6 (C-7), 39.8 (C-8), 68.2 (C-9), 23.5 (C-10), 28.3 (C-11), 28.2 (C-12), 24.7 (C-13)。以上波谱数据与文献报道一致[17],故鉴定化合物15为(6,9)-9-hydroxy-4,6-megastigmadien-3-one。

4 讨论

五味子是五味子属植物干燥成熟果实,是我国传统中药,具有收敛固涩、益气生津、补肾宁心之功效。研究表明,五味子茎叶中含有与果实类似的化学成分,且存在结构新颖的三萜类化合物,因而越来越受到人们的关注。本实验对五味子茎叶的化学成分进行了系统研究,从其75%丙酮提取物中共分离鉴定了15个化合物,化合物1~3、6为环阿屯烷型三萜,4、5为羊毛脂烷型三萜,7~12为联苯环辛烯型木脂素,13为四氢呋喃型木脂素,14~15为C13非异戊二烯类化合物。化合物5~7、13~15为首次从该植物中分离得到,其中化合物13~15为首次从五味子属中分离得到的化合物。该结果对五味子茎叶化学成分的的发现具有重要指导意义,同时该研究为五味子药材的综合开发利用及药物研发提供理论参考。

利益冲突 所有作者均声明不存在利益冲突

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Study on chemical constituents of stems and leaves of

ZHAO Qian-qian1, ZHANG Shao-jun1, WAN Min-ge2, LIU Qi3, CAO Yun-gang1, HE Rui3

1. College of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710000, China 2. College of Medicne, Shaanxi Institute of International Trade & Commerce, Xi’an 710000, China 3. Xi’an Efanggong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Xi’an 710000, China

To study the chemical constituents of the stems and leaves of.The isolation and purification were carried out by macroporous resin, Sephadex LH-20, silica gel column chromatography, semi-preparative HPLC. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of physicochemical properties and spectroscopic data.Fifteen compounds were isolated and elucidated from, their structures were identified as: schisanlatone C (1), henrischinin B (2), henrischinin C (3), schisanlactone B (4), schizandronic acid (5), kadnanolactone C (6), rubrisandrin C (7),-gomisin O (8), (−)-gomisin M (9), met A-III (10), gomisin A (11), gomisin R (12), 4--methylsaurucinol H (13), (3,5,6,7)-5,6- epoxy-3-hydroxy-7-megastigmen-9-one (14), and (6,9)-9-hydroxy-4,6-megastigmadien-3-one (15).Compounds 5-7 and 13—15 are isolated fromfor the first time. Compounds 13—15 are isolated from the genusfor the first time.

(Turcz.) Baill.; triterpenes; lignans;-gomisin O;gomisin A; gomisin R

R284.1

A

0253 - 2670(2021)23 - 7111 - 06

10.7501/j.issn.0253-2670.2021.23.005

2021-03-14

陕西省科技厅基金资助项目(2019JQ-252)

赵倩倩(1989—),女,山东德州人,讲师,博士,研究方向为天然产物化学。E-mail: zhaoqianqian@sust.edu.cn

何 瑞(1987—),男,陕西乾县人,主管药师,硕士,研究方向为中草药物质基础研究。E-mail: 316199551@qq.com

曹云刚(1985—),男,山西运城人,副教授,博士。E-mail: caoyungang@sust.edu.cn

[责任编辑 王文倩]

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