极致自然<br/>——汕头幼师学校，广东，中国

极致自然
——汕头幼师学校，广东，中国

2021-03-02建筑设计立木设计

世界建筑 2021年2期

关键词：操场幼师幼儿教师

建筑设计：立木设计

这是一所位于汕头的幼儿教师学校，98%以上的学生是该地区的女性。设计致力于提供自然、自由、平等的空间，以激励这些即将成为幼儿教师的女性实现自我的追求，并将这种观念通过教育传播给当地的儿童。

我们以FOREST（自然）、FREEDOM（自由）、FEMINIE（女性）为设计理念，以低影响开发、自由空间流线和女性价值为三大切入点，使这项建设校园的财政预算为学生和社区创造更大的价值。

校园是一处“巨型幼儿园”，学生们在这里重归童年、融入自然、互助互爱，“自由”“平等”“独立”的观念渗透到空间与教学之中，并能够借助她们未来的工作与生活来传播。因此，这所学校的设计在建造、空间、价值上都具有可持续性。

FOREST（自然）

设计因循地势而不是挖山填池，将更多的空间释放给原始的树林和草地。

学校选址在海边林地，依山面海的绝佳地理条件给了这个校园以无限可能。我们希望这所学校能够历久弥新，在规划、建造、使用上都具有可持续性。自然是生活的来源，是一切教育的起始。我们充分利用了一切平地与缓坡，通过对坡度、坡向等用地条件分析，将所有平地和缓坡充分利用，作为建筑和硬质场地。建筑以谦卑的姿态生长在自然之中，灰泥为主的立面朴素大方、肌理丰富，并且能够耐受海边骄阳与狂风的考验。

设计遵循地势将操场架空于山顶，减少土方量以降低工程造价。山顶操场位于校园的最高处，“无边”的设计赋予其拥山纳海的气势，而食堂就巧妙地藏在操场之下，借助“项链”般的坡道同操场相连。在操场跑步的时候，仿佛置身于山林云海，这种独一无二的体验将成为学生们难忘的回忆。琴房布局在生活区东侧，尽端是无边泳池，无限山海风光尽收眼底。

FREEDOM（自由）

我们不仅提倡低影响开发方式，更鼓励“自由”的幼师教育理念。

设计试图构建一个如童年般自由快乐的乌托邦，帮助这些年轻女性回归童年，在无限自由的氛围中学习如何成为儿童、引导儿童和教育儿童。

幼师校园规划打破了传统大学校园里的兵营式和行列式，将所有的空间打散、混合、重组、消隐，从而实现使用流线的大自由。在这所学校里，所有的教室都以独立单元的形式呈现，我们通过创新的设计手法使一个“巨型幼儿园”成为可能。设计以“非竞争，重合作”的教育理念为空间核心，充足连续的共享空间将成为整个校园最具活力的场所，充足连续的共享空间将成为整个校园最具活力的场所。

FEMINIE（女性）

我们非常注重这所幼师学校对于地区的价值，女性学生在这里挥洒青春、学习技能、重塑观念，并借助未来的工作将女性价值传递给下一代。

几乎所有的学生在毕业后都会在当地工作，而在她们入学之前，“女性是次要的”几乎是整个当地社区灌输给她们的传统认知。一般来说，女性学生18岁入学，21岁毕业，刚好是她们树立世界观和价值观最关键的时期。我们的措施包括以下几个方面：（1）通过可持续设计降低造价，从而使更多的预算用来提升学生的空间体验，比如这个学校拥有270°视角的海景操场、无边泳池、超过500间独立琴房等设施，远超国家标准；（2）空间设计更多地照顾女性的视角和审美，为这些女性学生提供一个安全、温馨的庇护所，使她们的校园生活足够快乐和幸福；（3）与当地幼儿园合作，确保几乎所有学生在毕业后都能获得一份稳定的工作，鼓励女性学生放弃仅将家庭主妇作为自我认同；（4）将自由平等的理念贯穿于教学生活，并借助于幼儿教师的力量向更多的儿童传播；（5）通过入学政策鼓励更多男学生成为幼儿教师，使社会更多地接纳男性也参与到“教育儿童”之中，从而潜移默化地影响社区。

1 幼师学校整体模型/Overall model

This is a local preschool teachers' college with more than 98% of students being local girls. The design of the campus is committed to providing a natural, free and equal space to inspire these girls who will become preschool teachers to achieve selfpursuits and spread this concept to local children through education.

"FOREST", "FREEDOM", and "FEMINIE"is our design concept, which takes low-impact development, free space lines and women's value as the three entry points, taking greater advantage of the fiscal budget for the good of students and the community. The campus is a "giant kindergarten",where students return to childhood, integrate with nature, and help and love each other. The concept of "freedom", "equality", and "independence"permeates through space and teaching, and spreads through students' future work and life. In that way,the design of this college is sustainable in terms of construction, space and value.

FOREST

The design follows the terrain instead of digging mountains and filling ponds, freeing up more space to the original forest and grass.

The college is located in the woodland by the sea, which gives this campus infinite possibilities.We hope that this campus will be long-lasting and sustainable in planning, constructing and using.Nature is the source of life and the beginning of education. We make full use of all flats and gentle slopes for construction ground and firm ground after analysing the land use conditions of the slope grade and aspect. The buildings grow in nature humbly with the stucco-based façade that is simple, decent and rich in texture. Moreover, they can also testify to exposure to the sun and the strong wind from the sea.

The terrain-following design puts the sports ground on the top of the mountain to reduce the amount of earthwork so as to lower the project cost. The hilltop sports ground stands at the highest point of the campus with the vigor to embrace the mountains and the sea thanks to the design concept of "boundless". The canteen is subtly hidden under the sports ground and connected to the sports ground by means of the "necklace" ramp. When running on the sports ground, students will feel like being surrounded by mountains and clouds, and this unique experience will become an unforgettable memory for them. The piano room is located on the east side of the living area, with a pool with no edges at the end, dwar fing the mountains and sea.

2 总平面/Site plan

FREEDOM

We not only promote low-impact development,but also encourage the concept of "free" preschool teacher education.

The design aims at building a utopian that is as free and happy as childhood, which, by helping young ladies return to childhood, teaches them to become children, guide children and educate children in an atmosphere of unlimited freedom.

The campus planning breaks down the traditional pattern of barrack- and rank-style,and dissembles, mixes, reorganises, and hides all parts, thereby achieving great freedom in using streamline space. In this school, all the classrooms are presented in independent units, and a "giant kindergarten" becomes possible through innovative design methods. The design is centred on the"cooperation over competition" education concept,and sufficient and continuous shared space will become the most dynamic place on the campus.

FEMINIE

We attach great importance to the value of this college to the whole area. Girls are here to spend youth, learn skills, reshape concepts, and transfer female value to the next generation through their future work.

Almost all students will work in the local area after graduation, and before they enter school,"women are secondary" is a consensus instilled in them by the entire local society. Generally speaking,girls enroll at the age of 18 and graduate at the age of 21, which is the most critical period for them to establish their worldviews and other values. Our measures include the following aspects: (1) Reduction of construction cost through sustainable design, so that more budget can be used to enhance students'space experience. For example, the school has a 270-degree seascape sports ground, an in finity pool,and more than 500 independent piano rooms, far exceeding national standards. (2) More cares of spatial design for women's perspective and aesthetics,providing a safe and warm shelter for them to make their campus life safe and happy. (3) Cooperation with local kindergartens to ensure that almost all students can get a stable job after graduation, and encourage girls to stop taking housewife as the sole self-identity.(4) Stick to the concept of freedom and equality throughout teaching life and spread it to more children through the power of preschool teachers.(5) Encouragement of more candidates to become preschool teachers by the help the enrollment policy,so that the society will become more accusumed to men participating in "educating children" and then in fiuence the community subtly.