长脉宽1 064nm Nd:YAG激光与2 940nm点阵激光联合外用类人胶原蛋白治疗眶周静态纹疗效观察
2021-01-16梁春霞连石冉从华齐婧
梁春霞 连 石 冉从华 齐 婧
[關键词]Nd:YAG激光;Er:YAG点阵激光;类人胶原蛋白;眶周静态纹
[中图分类号]R616.4 [文献标志码]A [文章编号]1008-6455(2021)12-0071-04
Observation on Clinical Efficacy of Long-pulse 1 064nm Nd:YAG Laser and 2 940nm Fractional Laser Combined with Human-like Collagen in Treatment of Periorbital Static Wrinkles
LIANG Chun-xia1, LIAN Shi1, RAN Cong-hua1, QI Jing2
(1.Department of Dermatology,Beijing Leader Medical Cosmetology Hospital, Beijing 100012,China;2.Department of Dermatology,the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital,Beijing 100853,China)
Abstract: Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of long-pulse 1 064nm Nd:YAG laser and 2 940nm Er:YAG fractional laser combined with Human-like Collagen in treatment of periorbital static wrinkles. Methods A total of 28 patients with periorbital static wrinkles treated in our outpatient department were selected as study subjects. All patients were treated with Long-pulse 1 064nm Nd:YAG laser and 2 940nm Er:YAG fractional laser combined with Human-like Collagen. The treatment interval was 1 month, and there were total 3 treatments. VISIA was performed at the time before the 1st treatment (V0) ,1 month (V1) after the end of the treatment and 3 months (V2) after the end of the treatment. Fitzpatrick wrinkle grade and efficacy evaluation were performed by 2 physicians, and the adverse reactions of the treatment were recorded. Results All patients completed 3 treatments. V0, V1, V2 moments, left-hand periorbital static wrinkles characteristics count was 60.57±32.66, 42.86±27.8, 32.57±20.37, the wrinkle score was 17.12±10.11, 11.15±7.24, 9.44±6.23, the wrinkle percentage was 0.81±0.18,0.92±0.06, 0.93±0.06, the Fitzpatrick wrinkle grade was 3.93±1.07, 2.93±1.07, 2.50±1.16. V0, V1, V2 moments,right-hand periorbital static wrinkles characteristics count was 73.29±41.68,51.43±31.11, 41.43±24.10, the wrinkle score was 21.91±13.39,16.30±8.51, 11.63±9.19, the wrinkle percentage was 0.68±0.25,0.83±0.17, 0.90±0.11, the Fitzpatrick wrinkle grade was 4.07±1.07, 3.14±1.03, 2.79±0.89. V1, V2 moment, efficacy assessment on left-hand was 1.50±0.65, 2.00±0.55, on right-hand was 1.50±0.65, 2.36±0.63. There were statistically significant differences in periorbital wrinkle features, wrinkle score, wrinkle percentage, Fitzpatrick wrinkle grade and efficacy evaluation (P<0.05) at V0, V1 and V2 on each side. Conclusion Long-pulse 1 064nm Nd:YAG laser and 2 940nm Er:YAG fractional laser combined with Human-like Collagen is a safe, effective and comfortable treatment for static wrinkles around the ripples.
Key words: lasers; Nd:YAG laser; Er:YAG laser; human-like collagen; periorbital static wrinkles
随着年龄的增长皮肤逐渐衰老,其中眶周的衰老是上面部美观的重要影响因素,目前对于眶周动态纹、上睑皮肤松弛、泪沟及眼袋等治疗都有比较明确且行之有效的治疗方法,而对于眶周静态纹的治疗方式有限,对于眶周静态纹的治疗方法主要包括射频紧致类、长脉宽1 064nm Nd:YAG激光、点阵激光(剥脱性或非剥脱性)、局部真皮填充等,各种治疗方式均有其优缺点,随着治疗手段的增多,人们在求美的同时更加追求无创、微创以及较高的舒适性。因此,本研究采用长脉宽1 064nm Nd:YAG激光与2 940nm Er:YAG点阵激光联合外用类人胶原蛋白治疗眶周静态皱纹,并对其疗效及安全性进行系统评价,现将结果报道如下。
1 资料和方法
1.1 一般资料:选择2020年3月-2020年6月北京丽都医疗美容医院皮肤科就诊的28例不同程度眶周静态纹的就医者为研究对象,进行自身治疗前后对照。年龄29~45岁,平均年龄(36.46±4.58)岁。Fitzpatrick皮肤类型为Ⅱ型和Ⅲ型,Fitzpatrick皮肤皱纹分级Ⅰ~Ⅱ级(3~6分)。排除标准:①近6个月眼周注射过A型肉毒毒素、玻尿酸等;②拒绝签署知情同意书者;③无法完成随访者。
1.2 治疗方法:术前清洁治疗区域,对眼睛眉毛进行保护。治疗过程中使用德国 FOTONA 欧洲之星激光公司生产的Er:YAG/Nd:YAG激光治疗系统(型号:M021-4AF/3) 进行眶周激光治疗,第一步FRAC3模式:波长1 064nm,脉宽1.6ms,能量10J/cm2,皮温达到40℃后平扫四遍;第二步 PIANO模式:波长1 064nm,脉宽5s,能量350J/cm2,皮温达到40℃后维温治疗3~5min;第三步SmoothLiftinTM模式:波长2 940nm,脉宽250ms,能量2.5J/cm2,平扫五遍;第四步SuperficialTM模式:波长2 940nm,脉宽100μs,能量1.0~1.5J/cm2,平扫两遍;激光治疗后即刻涂抹类人胶原蛋白修复敷料(4毫升/支,西安巨子生物基因技术股份有限公司)。术后加强保湿、防晒修复,治疗间隔1个月,共治疗3次。
1.3 评估方法
1.3.1 Fitzpatrick皮肤皱纹分级及疗效评价:入组患者分别于治疗前(V0)、疗程结束后1个月(V1)、疗程结束后3个月(V2)进行VISIA拍摄,记录就医者眶周皱纹改善情况,并由两名医生进行眶周Fitzpatrick皮肤皱纹分级及疗效评价。Fitzpatrick皮肤皱纹分级标准[1]:Ⅰ级(1~3分):细皱纹,肤质细微改变伴有皮肤纹路加重;Ⅱ级(4~6分):细至中等深度皱纹,中等量的皱纹数;较明显的弹性组织变性和皮肤色素异常;Ⅲ级(7~9分):细至中等深度皱纹,皱纹较多,伴或不伴过多的皮肤褶皱;较多的丘疹、融合的弹性组织变性,形成菱形皮肤。四分线分级法进行疗效评估[2],以治疗前为基准,0分:无改善;1分:改善率<25%;2分:改善率25%~50%;3分:改善率51%~75%;4分:改善率>75%。
1.3.2 不良反应情况:观察患者治疗中及治疗结束后是否有疼痛、水肿及红斑等不适,治疗后是否有色素沉着及瘢痕等不良反应。
1.4 统计学分析:使用SAS 9.4(SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA)进行数据分析,数据描述采用(x¯±s)表示。采用方差分析检验V0、V1、V2三个治疗时期的皱纹特征计数、皱纹分值、百分数和皱纹分级的组间差异,采用t检验分析V1和V2之间的疗效差异,检验水准α= 0.05。
2 结果
2.1 臨床疗效:28例就医者均完成3次治疗及随访,两名医师对就医者进行眶周Fitzpatrick皮肤皱纹分级及疗效评估。统计结果显示双侧眶周治疗后1个月(V1)、治疗后3个月(V2)的皱纹特征计数、皱纹分值、皱纹百分数、皱纹分级与治疗前(V0)比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),见表1。治疗后3个月(V2)较治疗后1个月(V1)眶周静态纹疗效更佳,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),见表2。见图1。
2.2 不良反应:28例就医者均完成了3次治疗,在治疗过程中,治疗区域出现轻度红斑、灼热,冷敷后缓解,治疗3~5d后就医者治疗部位均感觉有不同程度的皮肤紧绷感并出现轻微脱屑,保湿修复后自行缓解。在整个观察期内,28例就医者均未出现水疱、色素沉着及瘢痕等不良反应。
3 讨论
随着年龄的增长皮肤逐渐衰老,成纤维细胞生物合成能力减弱、弹性纤维、胶原蛋白及细胞间基质逐渐减少,导致皮肤萎缩、弹性降低、代谢和修复能力减低,出现皱纹、皮肤松弛、色斑及肤色不均等老化表现[3-4],针对早期的眶周动态纹,肉毒毒素起到了很好的治疗效果,但对于眶周的静态纹,目前的治疗方法单纯使用各有其优缺点。
本研究采用长脉宽1 064nm Nd:YAG激光与2 940nm Er:YAG点阵激光联合外用类人胶原蛋白治疗眶周静态皱纹。使用两种长脉宽1 064nm治疗模式,FRAC3模式下,脉宽0.1~1.6ms,能量较集中作用于黑色素,促进色素代谢,起到淡化肤色的作用,同时作用于皮肤真皮层可刺激真皮Ⅰ型、Ⅲ型胶原增多,引起真皮胶原重建,具有良好的远期嫩肤效果[5]。PIANO模式下,脉宽0.1~60s,治疗时间大约3min,在此超长脉宽下黑素颗粒、水、血红蛋白等充分吸收光能并逐渐蓄积,刺激深层弹性纤维收紧及胶原蛋白的再生,胶原再生在2周左右达到高峰,作用持续可长达3个月[6-9]。而2 940nm Er:YAG激光其吸收的靶组织主要是水,SmoothLiftinTM模式下,激光以点阵及脉冲串的方式发射,水分吸收热量后使表皮组织温度达到40℃,皮下组织温度逐渐累积,温度高达60℃~65℃,可有效收紧胶原纤维,并刺激胶原蛋白的重组再生。SupErficialTM模式下对皮肤进行微剥脱,刺激表皮更替,改善眶周黑色素、淡化浅表细纹、改善皮肤质地。2 940nm Er:YAG激光对水具有高度吸收性,在微剥脱模式下,大大降低了皮肤色素沉着的风险[10],有学者回顾分析2 940nm Er:YAG激光治疗患者口周静态纹的情况,结果显示其对口周静态纹具有良好的改善作用[11],口周静态纹的病理生理与眶周静态纹基本相似。
类人胶原蛋白是通过尖端生物工程技术生产的一种以Ⅰ型和Ⅲ型胶原蛋白为主的人源活性胶原蛋白,具有良好的生物相容性和易被人体吸收等特点。胶原蛋白作为细胞外基质主要成分,不同类型胶原蛋白有其各自的功能,如:纤维骨架、细胞黏附及信号传导等作用[12]。I型胶原蛋白分子量较大,主要形成支撑骨架,为细胞提供黏附和固定的场所[13-14],Ⅲ型胶原蛋白可以促进细胞的增殖、血管的生长,减少炎症因子的生成,并且具有非常好的吸水性。此款类人胶原蛋白中Ⅰ型、Ⅲ型胶原蛋白比为2.38:1,在皮肤的修复过程中不仅可以直接补充胶原蛋白,还可以促进成纤维细胞分泌更多的胶原蛋白和弹力蛋白,从而促进皮肤屏障修复、紧致皮肤达到皮肤年轻化的作用[15]。治疗过程中,SupErficialTM模式下皮肤产生微剥脱,打开皮肤通道,促进类人胶原蛋白的吸收,为深层胶原重塑提供营养成分,同时又可以加速表皮的修复。
本研究联合使用长脉宽1 064nm Nd:YAG激光、2 940nm Er:YAG点阵激光及类人胶原蛋白治疗眶周静态纹,PIANO和SmoothLiftinTM模式热量累积作用强、皮肤穿透层次深,对于眶周皮肤的胶原刺激作用强,起到很好的即刻皮肤紧致及远期持续刺激作用。FRAC3及Sup ErficialTM模式能很好地改善表皮的老化及色素问题,并且由于其深度的可控性,可很好地避免对于深部眼球组织的影响,因此,对于眼睑眶内部分可以安全、有效治疗。此联合治疗从各个层次刺激胶原的重塑再生、促进表皮更替、加速色素代谢、加快皮肤修复及补充营养物质,使眶周静态纹得到很好改善。临床结果显示,就医者治疗后1个月眶周改善情况明显,并且于治疗结束后3个月改善作用仍持续存在,充分表明治疗的有效性及持久性。且治疗过程疼痛程度较低,无需外用麻药,术后皮肤3~5d轻微脱屑,恢复期短,提高了就医者术中舒适度及术后恢复时间。
综上,长脉宽1 064nm Nd:YAG激光与2 940nm Er:YAG点阵激光联合类人胶原蛋白是一种安全、有效且舒适的眶周静态纹治疗方法。
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[收稿日期]2021-01-20
本文引用格式:梁春霞,连石,冉从华,等.长脉宽1 064nm Nd:YAG激光与2 940nm点阵激光联合外用类人胶原蛋白治疗眶周静态纹疗效观察[J].中国美容医学,2021,30(12):71-74.