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非小细胞肺癌淋巴结转移规律和清扫临床研究

2020-12-31张万飞

中外医疗 2020年31期
关键词:淋巴结转移非小细胞肺癌

张万飞

[摘要] 目的 探討非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)淋巴结的转移规律和临床清扫方式选择。方法 回顾性分析该院2015年2月—2018年3月收治的164例NSCLC患者,共清扫1 083组淋巴结,分析肺癌分期、病理类型以及原发部位与淋巴结转移关系,同时探讨肺叶特异性淋巴结清扫方式(LND)、系统性淋巴结清扫方式(SML)对围手术期资料的影响。 结果 共清扫淋巴结1 083组,平均每例清除7.13组。其中有淋巴结有转移317组,转移率为29.27%。T1:57组,T2:676组,T3:299组,T4∶41组,淋巴结转移率分别为15.79%、25.89%、36.12%、60.98%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=14.450,P<0.01)。跳跃性N2在腺癌的发生率较高为55.77%。同时LND组在手术时间、术后胸腔引流量、术后拔管时间以及平均住院天数等方面均优于SML组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 非小细胞肺癌患者的淋巴结转移与 T 分期之间存在明显的关联,跳跃性纵膈淋巴结转移的发生率相对较高。同时肺叶特异性淋巴结清扫可以取得与系统淋巴结清扫相同的治疗效果,且创伤更小,应对其给予足够的重视,注意广泛清扫淋巴结,提高治疗效果。

[关键词] 非小细胞肺癌;淋巴结转移;淋巴结清扫

[中图分类号] R734.2          [文献标识码] A          [文章编号] 1674-0742(2020)11(a)-0060-03

Clinical Study of Lymph Node Metastasis and Dissection of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer

ZHANG Wan-fei

Department of Thoracic Surgery, Quanzhou First Hospital, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, 362000 China

[Abstract] Objective To investigate the lymph node metastasis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and the choice of clinical dissection methods. Methods Retrospective analysis of 164 NSCLC patients admitted to the hospital from February 2015 to March 2018, a total of 1 083 groups of lymph nodes were dissected, the stage, pathological type of lung cancer, and the relationship between the primary site and lymph node metastasis were analyzed, and the method of lung lobe-specific lymph node dissection(LND) and systemic lymph node dissection (SML) on perioperative data. Results A total of 1 083 groups of lymph nodes were removed, with an average of 7.13 groups removed per case. Among them, there were 317 groups with lymph node metastasis, and the metastasis rate was 29.27%. In the T1:57 group, T2:676 group, T3:299 group, and T4:41 group, the lymph node metastasis rates were 15.79%, 25.89%, 36.12%, and 60.98%, respectively. The difference was statistically significant(χ2=14.450, P<0.01). The incidence of skipping N2 in adenocarcinoma was 55.77%. At the same time, the LND group was better than the SML group in terms of operation time, postoperative thoracic drainage, postoperative extubation time and average hospital stay, the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). Conclusion There is a significant connection between lymph node metastasis and T staging in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. The incidence of skipping mediastinal lymph node metastasis is relatively high. At the same time, pulmonary lobe-specific lymph node dissection can achieve the same therapeutic effect as systemic lymph node dissection, and with less trauma, enough attention should be given to it, and attention should be paid to extensive lymph node dissection to improve the treatment effect.

该研究数据统计表明,共清扫淋巴结1 083组,平均每例清除7.13组。其中有淋巴结有转移317组,转移率为29.27%。T1:57组,T2:676组,T3:299组,T4:41组,淋巴结转移率分别为15.79%、25.89%、36.12%、60.98%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。跳跃性N2在腺癌的发生率较高为55.77%。同时LND组在手术时间、术后胸腔引流量、术后拔管时间以及平均住院天数等方面均优于SML组(P<0.05),和上述研究结果一致,说明采用系统性淋巴结清扫要求切除包括隆突下淋巴结在内的至少3组纵隔淋巴结,同时一并切除肺内和肺门淋巴结。而肺叶特异性淋巴结清扫主要有选择性地清扫特定区域淋巴结,在此过程中严格依据病灶位置,主要理论依据为通常情况下,肺癌肿瘤细胞经淋巴管路转移向特定的淋巴引流区域[6-8]。

综上所述,非小细胞肺癌的淋巴结的转移与T分期存在显著的关联,跳跃性纵膈淋巴结转移的发生率随着淋巴结的转移率明显增大、T分期的增加在腺癌中相对较高。同时肺叶特异性淋巴结清扫可以取得与系统淋巴结清扫相同的治疗效果,且创伤更小,应注意广泛清扫淋巴结,提高治疗效果。

[参考文献]

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[2]  Erickson CJ, Fernandez FG, Reddy RM. Minimally invasive and open approaches to mediastinal nodal assessment[J].Ann Surg Oncol,2018,25(1):64-67.

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[4]  赵炜杰,赵光强.Ⅰ期非小细胞肺癌发生淋巴结微转移的检测与预后研究进展[J].医学研究生学报,2019,32(10):1094-1098.

[5]  张善渊,王亮,鲁方亮,等.淋巴结转移率与Ⅲa-N2非小细胞肺癌临床特征和生存相关性研究[J].中国肺癌杂志,2019, 22(11):702-708.

[6]  李高,何妍,蔡仁中,等.非小细胞肺癌隆突下淋巴结转移特点和影响因素的临床分析[J].临床肺科杂志,2019,24(9):1675-1678.

[7]  魏东,薛志芳,刘博,等.pN0期非小细胞肺癌组织中PDGF-B和PDGFR-α的表达及与淋巴结微转移的关系[J].现代肿瘤医学,2019,27(22):3997-4001.

[8]  Fang L,Xu J,Ye B,et al.Is lobe specific lymph node dissection adequate for cN0-1 non-small cell lung cancer[J].J Cardiothorac Surg,2020,15(1):46.

(收稿日期:2020-08-02)

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