结肠镜联合腹腔镜治疗结直肠癌的效果观察
2020-11-09李升明黄基正彭源荣李庆忠谭剑鹏刘先娣冯汉胜陈广焕龚荣达
李升明 黄基正 彭源荣 李庆忠 谭剑鹏 刘先娣 冯汉胜 陈广焕 龚荣达
【摘要】 目的:探究結肠镜联合腹腔镜治疗结直肠癌的效果。方法:选取2017年6月-2019年3月本院收治的结直肠癌患者76例为研究对象,按随机数字表法分为观察组及对照组,各38例。对照组给予传统开腹结直肠癌根治术,观察组给予结肠镜联合腹腔镜治疗术。比较两组患者围手术期指标(手术时间、术后下床活动时间、住院时间);比较术前及术后3 d时两组患者炎症因子[C反应蛋白(CRP)、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)、白介素-6(IL-6)]水平;比较术后3个月时两组患者生活质量[结直肠癌治疗功能评价量表(FACT-C)]、疾病预后情况;比较术后3个月内两组患者并发症发生情况。结果:观察组手术时间、术后下床活动时间、住院时间均显著短于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后3 d,两组患者炎症因子水平均较治疗前上升,观察组CRP、TNF-α、IL-6均显著低于同一时间的对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后3个月,两组患者FACT-C评分均较术前显著提升,观察组均显著高于同一时间对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后3个月,两组均无死亡病例,两组患者局部复发率、远处转移率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后3个月内,两组并发症发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:肠镜联合腹腔镜手术时间短,有利于结直肠癌患者术后恢复,同时可显著抑制患者的炎症因子水平,提升其肛门功能,从而改善其生活质量。
【关键词】 结肠镜 腹腔镜 结直肠癌
[Abstract] Objective: To explore the effect of colonoscopy combined with laparoscopy in the treatment of colorectal cancer. Method: A total of 76 patients with colorectal cancer from June 2017 to March 2019 were selected as the study objects, they were divided into observation group and control group, 38 cases in each group, according to the random number table. The control group was treated with traditional open radical operation for colorectal cancer, and the observation group was treated with colonoscopy and laparoscopy. Comparison of perioperative indicators (operation time, postoperative activity time and hospital stay time) between the two groups; inflammatory factor [C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6)] were compared between the two groups before and 3 d after surgery; quality of life [colorectal cancer treatment function evaluation scale (FACT-C)] and prognosis of the two groups were compared 3 months after surgery; complications were compared between the two groups within 3 months after operation. Result: The operative time, postoperative activity time and hospital stay time in the observation group were significantly shorter than those in the control group, with statistically significant differences (P<0.05). 3 d after the operation, inflammatory factors in both groups increased compared with that before the treatment, CRP, TNF-α and IL-6 in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group at the same time, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). 3 months after surgery, FACT-C scores of both groups were significantly improved compared with those before surgery, and those of the observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group at the same time, with statistically significant differences (P<0.05). 3 months after the operation, there was no death case between the two groups, and there were no statistically significant differences in local recurrence rate and distant metastasis rate between the two groups (P>0.05). 3 months after the operation, there was no significant difference in the incidence of complications between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: The short duration of colonoscopy combined with laparoscopic surgery is conducive to postoperative recovery of colorectal cancer patients, and can significantly inhibit the level of inflammatory factors in patients, improve their anal function, so as to improve their quality of life.
2.5 两组患者疾病预后情况比较 术后3个月,两组均无死亡病例,两组患者局部复发率、远处转移率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),见表4。
2.6 两组患者并发症发生情况比较 术后3个月内,两组并发症发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),见表5。
3 讨论
结直肠癌是我国较为多发的恶性肿瘤之一,其致死率位于所有恶性肿瘤的第五位;由于其癌症部位不易被发现,许多患者不甚在意,导致病情延误恶化,最终导致死亡[7-8]。手术切除为唯一可治愈结直肠癌的治疗手段,但传统手术创伤较大,腹腔镜手术定位效果差,均不能取得理想效果,因此,探究结肠镜手术改良方案成为临床热议研究。
随着时代发展,结直肠癌发病率逐年增加,年轻人及老年人患病数量均呈显著上升趋势;由于老年化进程加快,老年人患病比例增加,结直肠癌手术需考虑老年人对手术的适应状况[9-10]。传统结直肠癌根治术对肿瘤清除效果显著,能够有效清除病灶,复发率低,是被广泛应用于临床的经典术式。但由于需要开腹手术,而部分老年患者在术前合并严重心、肺、肾等疾病,免疫力下降,耐受性较差;若实行传统结直肠癌根治术,手术创口及术中麻醉可进一步降低其免疫力,对患者机体造成二次伤害;对年轻患者而言,传统开腹根治术可造成较大创口,留下瘢痕,不利于术后恢复,感染可能性较高[11-13]。因此,微创手术近年来快速兴起,逐渐替代传统开腹手术。
腹腔镜手术是近年来兴起的微创手术,被广泛应用于临床,取得较好疗效。与传统开腹根治术相比,其创口小,疼痛度低,对周围器官干扰较小,术后恢复较快;且由于其创口较小,对术后美观度也有一定提升[14-16]。但腹腔镜也具有一定缺陷,使用腹腔镜操作则失去亲手操作的精细触觉,定位较难;其观察范围较小,对于结直肠癌这类疾病观测不全面,可能会遗漏病灶[17-18]。因此,将腹腔镜与结肠镜结合进行手术十分必要,既可避免较大创伤,又可提升定位精确度。
本研究使用结肠镜结合腹腔镜手术治疗结直肠癌患者,观察组手术时间、术后下床活动时间、住院时间均显著短于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),这说明结肠镜结合腹腔镜手术更有利于患者术后恢复;术后3 d,两组患者炎症因子水平均较治疗前上升,观察组CRP、TNF-α、IL-6水平均显著低于同一时间对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),表明两组患者术后均有轻微炎症反应,观察组炎症反应轻于对照组,提示该术对患者术后机体炎症反应有一定抑制作用;有研究显示,腹腔镜手术可避免腹腔脏器与外界空气直接接触,且术中出血量少,切口长度较短,极大程度上保护腹部脏器壁膜的完整性,从而降低感染可能性,炎症因子随之降低[19-20]。术后3个月,两组患者FACT-C评分均较术前显著提升,观察组均显著高于同一时间对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),这表明该术可显著改善患者生活质量,究其原因与该术创伤小、术后恢复快有关。两种手术对于疾病预后基本无显著差异,究其原因为两种手术均将肿瘤病灶切除干净,对疾病复发有一定阻碍作用。术后3个月内,两组并发症发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),表明两种手术方式对并发症发生率均无较大影响。
综上所述,结肠镜联合腹腔镜手术时间短,有利于结直肠癌患者术后恢复,还可显著抑制患者的炎症因子水平,从而改善其生活质量,值得在临床推广应用。
参考文献
[1]陈新民,姜春晓,张安羽,等.浙江省居民结直肠癌发病与死亡资料分析[J].预防医学,2019,31(12):1200-1204.
[2]黎娜,肖天保.腹腔镜与传统开腹手术治疗结直肠癌术后并发症的Meta分析比较[J].贵阳中医学院学报,2019,41(4):58-62.
[3]孙百顺,张骏,康健.腹腔镜与开腹手术治疗结直肠癌的近期临床效果及术后并发症探讨[J].中国临床医生杂志,2019,47(6):684-685.
[4]王钊,彭林涛,杨帆,等.腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术临床效果分析及对患者凝血功能和T淋巴细胞水平的影响[J].中国医药,2019,14(11):1678-1681.
[5]蔡建强,蔡三军,秦新裕,等.结直肠癌肝转移诊断和综合治疗指南(2016)[J].中国实用外科杂志,2016,11(8):858-869.
[6]蒋梦笑,郑美春,温咏珊,等.直肠癌保肛患者肛周皮肤损伤对生活质量的影响研究[J/OL].实用临床护理学电子杂志,2019,4(16):52-53.
[7]刘国兴,项田岗,孙钦辉.肠镜联合腹腔镜治疗结直肠癌的效果及对并发症的影响[J].实用癌症杂志,2019,34(7):1195-1197.
[8]杨佳,于君.饮食、肠道微生态与结直肠癌[J/OL].中华结直肠疾病电子杂志,2019,8(6):541-545.
[9]武雪亮,王立坤,黄先涛,等.结直肠癌流行病学特征回顾性研究[J].中国医药导报,2019,16(20):60-63.
[10]王磊,颜登国.老年结直肠癌病人围手术期手术危险因素分析[J].临床外科杂志,2019,27(11):999-1001.
[11]汪飙.两种腹腔镜直肠癌根治术和传统开腹手术的对比研究[J/OL].中华普外科手术学杂志(电子版),2018,12(1):49-52.
[12]時立平,王彤,王琦.腹腔镜与传统开腹直肠癌手术的疗效分析[J].贵州医药,2017,41(12):1320-1321.
[13]白江江,宗新玲,高维东,等.结肠直肠癌术后早期炎性肠梗阻的诊断与治疗现状综述[J].实用临床医药杂志,2019,23(23):138-140.
[14]陆峰,王刚,周井荣,等.腹腔镜与开腹全结肠系膜切除手术治疗右半结肠癌的疗效比较[J].中国基层医药,2019,26(22):2716-2720.
[15]应东建,马祥祥,阮一,等.腹腔镜手术与开放手术对Ⅱ期和Ⅲ期右侧结肠癌患者预后的影响[J].中国内镜杂志,2019,25(11):36-44.
[16]黎东红,黄燕平,梁姗,等.精细化护理干预对腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术患者术后恢复与生存质量的影响[J].护理实践与研究,2019,16(23):87-89.
[17]赵德明,孙琳,滕忠义.腹腔镜下微创根治术对结直肠癌患者能量代谢及细胞免疫的影响[J].癌症进展,2019,17(20):2402-2405.
[18]王萌,赵珣,叶喆.腹腔镜下结直肠癌手术术后高凝状态及内皮损伤情况观察[J].癌症进展,2019,17(20):2406-2409.
[19]江培.腹腔镜联合结肠镜行结直肠癌根治术对老年患者机体细胞免疫功能和炎症因子的影响[J].四川医学,2017,38(7):791-794.
[20]冯会和,付召军,白凤琴,等.腹腔镜结直肠全系膜切除术对结直肠癌患者外周血炎症因子和免疫功能的影响[J].贵州医科大学学报,2019,44(7):860-865.
(收稿日期:2020-01-18) (本文编辑:张爽)