Democracy in the Purchaseof Face Mask duringthe Epidemic口罩分发见民主

本刊编辑部

投票、选举是民主的一种形式和内容，但不是唯一的。从人民当家作主的目标来讲，民众只有参与到民主决策、民主监督、反馈等环节，才算是逐步接近该目标。群众广泛参与到民主监督中，可以发挥民众的民主权利、营造良好的民主氛围。随着公民社会的发展，公民组织以及公民个人越来越多地参与到社会治理中来。这次新型冠状肺炎的疫情下口罩购买成了民众的一大难题，人们排队在药店购买口罩，政府在听取民众意见后，对口罩集中分配。预约购买，免费送货，人们减少了在药房购买口罩时的人员接触和流动。

On January 31， some 1） netizens posted a screenshot of a purchase by lottery，but the project he participated in was not a sneaker， a car，a house， or a school， but a medical mask."Registration issuccessful.Please wait patiently for the identification andlottery draw.No need to submit again."

The 2） initiation of the rollover was the official WeChatpublic account of the "i-Xiamen"， the unified governmentservice platform of the Xiamen Municipal Party Committee

1） netizen ['net?zn] n.网民

2） initiation [?，n???e??n] n.开始and Municipal Government.The "mask reservation"column on the public account has an appointment registration rule，which required that the registration be officially opened at 14：00 0n January31; the first lottery was announced on February 1st， and the result of the successfullottery was notified by short messages （SMS）.Those who did not win will participatein the next round of lottery; purchases must be made at 3） designated outletsaccording to the time on SMS.

The reason why the lottery was chosen was because the masks on the marketare difficult to buy now.It is better for the government to raise mask resources to4） coordinate supply.

The sale of masks in Xiamen quickly attracted public attention.At the end of2019， novel viral pneumonia suddenly broke out.The virus has human-to-humancharacteristics and a long 5） latency period， making masks a necessity for ordinarycitizens to travel.However， due to the large demand in the short term， masks on themarket are seriously in short supply.There is a "hard-to-find" situation everywhere.

Cities across China introduced policies to regulate face mask sales to 6）alleviatesupply shortages amid its fight against the novel coronavirus.

In addition to the way launched by Xiamen City to purchase masks， manyplaces across the country have coped with the "face mask shortage" frequently.Residents in cities like Nanchang， Hangzhou， and Guangzhou can usea phone app where they can first make an appointment to purchaseface masks once they've registered their ID cards andphone numbers.Guangzhou has developed WeChat mini-

3） designate ['dez?gne?t]adj.指定的

4） coordinate [k??'?：d?ne?t]v.使協调

5） latency ['Ie?t?ns?]n.潜伏

6） alleviate [?'li：vie?t]v.减轻program "Sui Kang"， which provides functionssuch as "reservation appointment purchase".Eachperson can only purchase 5 boxes or 10 to 50masks per day.Nanjing also launched the "NanjingOutbreak Prevention and Control Online Service"on the basis of the "Fever Clinic Query" functionlaunched by the "My Nanjing" APP on January 24.Appointments can be purchased by appointment.The limit is 20 for one person.

According to the new policies， the face masks will be delivered to those whosuccessfully complete their orders online， in aim to reduce public contact and 7）mobilityshould they buy face masks at a pharmacy.

In Nanchang， East China's Jiangxi Province， residents can 8）schedule anappointment to buy a face mask from 8 am to 5 pm daily.Registered app users arelimited to five face masks per order within a certain number of days under the policy of"first come， first serve"， after 50，000 masks were made available on Saturday by officials.

Face masks in Nanchang were priced below 1.2 yuan.Hangzhou and Guangzhouoffer free delivery and face masks to those who successfully place their orders online.

The face mask purchase policy "order online， deliver offline" has been 9）applaudedby many who have used the service.

"The service really addresses our worries of cross-infection in public if we have togo to buy masks at the pharmacy，" a Hangzhou resident said， adding that the sevice isvery user-friendly.

7） mobility [m??'b?l?ti] n.流動性

8） schedule ['sked??：l] v.安排

9） applaud [a'pl?：d] v.称赞

1月31日，有网友晒出了一张摇号截图，但他参与摇号的项目不是球鞋、不是车子房子、也不是学校，而是医用口罩。“登记成功，请耐心等待认定和摇号抽签，无须再次提交。”

发起摇号的是厦门市委市政府统一政务服务平台“i厦门”官方微信公众号。公众号“口罩预约”栏有一条预约登记规则，其中要求：登记于1月31日14：00正式开放，2月1日第一次抽签，中签结果短信通知，未中签的将参与下一轮摇号;购买需按照短信时间去指定网点购买。

当地政府之所以选择摇号的方式，是因为现在市面上口罩难买，与其让市民扎堆排队抢购导致交叉感染，还不如政府主动筹集口罩资源协调供应。

厦门市摇号出售口罩，迅速引起舆论关注。2019年底，新型冠状病毒性肺炎突然爆发，该病毒具有人传人特性并且潜伏周期性较长，让口罩成为了普通市民出行的必需品，但由于短期内需求量太大，市面上的口罩严重供应不足，各地出现“一罩难求”的局面。

在与新型冠状病毒的斗争中，中国各城市推出了规范口罩销售的政策，以缓解供应短缺。

除了厦门市推出的“摇号”购买口罩，全国多个地方为应对“口罩荒”而妙招频出。在南昌、杭州和广州等城市，居民可以使用手机应用程序，在他们用身份证和电话号玛注册后，可以首先预约购买口罩。广州市开发了微信小程序“穗康”，提供“口罩预约购买”等功能，每人每天只可购买5盒或10到50个口罩。“我的南京”APP在1月24日上线的“发热门诊查询”功能基础上，开通了“南京市疫情防控网上服务”，可预约购买口罩，一人限购20个，门店定点取货。

根据新政策，将把口罩派送给那些在网上成功完成订单的人，以减少他们在药店购买口罩时的人员接触和流动。

在中国东部江西省南昌市，居民可以安排在每天早上8点至下午5点预约购买口罩。据报道，在周六政府提供了50，000个口罩之后，在“先到先得”的政策下，规定已注册的应用程序用户在一定天数内单个订单可以免费得到5个口罩。

南昌的口罩价格低于1.2元。杭州和广州为成功在线下订单的人提供免费送货和口里。

许多使用该服务的人都对口罩购买政策“在线订购，离线交付”表示赞赏。

一位杭州居民说： “如果我们不得不去药房购买口罩，这项服务确实解决了我们在公共场所交叉感染的忧虑。”他补充说，这项服务非常人性化。