How Much Do You Know aboutRespiratory Diseases Like COVID-19 and Flu?

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当这个“超长待机”的春节假期因为COVID-19变得不那么美好时，我们真的知道大家担心的究竟是什么吗？正确认识COVID-19，我们会发现，其实它就是一种新型呼吸系统疾病，不必过度忧虑，毕竟，目前来说，流感可能更值得警惕。

COVID-19 is a 1）respiratory diseasecaused by a novel（new） 2）coronavirus thatwas first detected in Wuhan City， HubeiProvince， China.On February 11， 2020，the WHO （World Health Organization）named the disease coronavirus disease2019 （abbreviated "COVID-19"）.Early on， many of the patients in theCOVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan had some link to a large seafood and liveanimal market， suggesting animal-to-person spread.Later， a growing numberof patients reportedly did not have 3）exposure to animal markets， confirmingperson-to-person spread.

Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses that are common in manydifferent species of animals， including camels， cattle， cats， and bats.Rarely，animal coronaviruses can infect people and then spread between peoplesuch as with MER-CoV， SARS-Coy and now with this new virus.

COVID-19 illness have ranged from mild 4）symptoms to severe illnessand death.Symptoms can include fever， cough and shortness of breath.Thesymptoms of COVID-19 can appear in as few as 2 days or as long as 14 daysafter exposure.But rarely reported patients be confirm infected COVID-19more than 14 days after exposure.The reason is unknown.

COVID-19 caused 37，198 confirmed cases， including 811 deaths inChinese mainland， according to NHC （the National Health Commission） ofthe PRC.

薪型冠狀病毒肺炎是一种由新型冠状病毒引起的急性呼吸系统

1） respiratory [r?'sp?r?tri]adj.呼吸的

2） coronavirus [k?，r??n?'vai?r?s]n.冠状病毒

3） exposure [ik'sp???3?（r）]n.暴露，曝光

4） symptom ['s?mpt?m]n.（临床）症状，征兆疾病，首个病例在中国湖北省武汉市确诊。2020年2月11日，世界卫生组织将这种疾病命名为冠状病毒疾病2019（简称为COVID-19）。起初，新冠肺炎暴发的患者多与武汉一处大型海鲜与活物农贸市场有关，所以认为该疾病为动物传人。随后，报告出现了大量与农贸市场无关病例，由此确定该疾病存在人传人特性。

冠状病毒是一个大型病毒族群，常见于很多种类的动物，包括骆驼、牛、猫、蝙蝠等。很少有动物冠状病毒能感染人类并在人类间大量传播，像中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒和重症急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒，现在又有了这种新型病毒。

新冠肺炎病例可从轻症转至重症乃至死亡。其症状包括发热、咳嗽和呼吸急促。在感染病毒后，这些症状在2-14天内会出现。但是也有感染病毒超过14天才发病的个例出现，原因不明。

根据卫健委（中华人民共和国国家卫生健康委员会）2020年2月8日的数据，新冠肺炎在中国大陆累计确诊病例37，198例，其中死亡病例811例。

Flu （influenza） is a disease caused by virus infecting therespiratory tract.It is very common respiratory illness causedby influenza viruses.It can cause mild to severe illness.Serious outcomes of flu infection can result in hospitalizationor death.Flu symptoms usually come on suddenly insteadof slowly developing and are characterized by 5）chills， bodyaches， 6）fatigue and a headache.Sometimes those are sick can also have a cough andsome people also get a fever.

Flu spreads easily through coughing， 7）sneezing or talking， because it transmittedthrough 8）airborne exposure.It may be preventable by 9）vaccine， so CDC （Centers forDisease Control and Prevention） of US calls on that everyone 6 months and older needsa flu vaccine each year.

Worldwide， the flu causes up to 5 million cases of severe illness worldwide and killup t0 650，000 people every year， according to the WHO.

There were already 26 million illnesses in US inthis flu season， including 14，000 deaths， according tothe CDC "2019-2020 preliminary in-season flu burden

5） chill [t??l]n，寒冷

6） fatigue [f?'ti：g]n.疲勞，疲乏

7） sneeze [sni：z]v.打喷嚏

8） airborne ['e?b?：n] adj.空气传播的

9） vaccine ['v?ksi：n]n.疫苗estimates"， which based on data from Oct.1， 2019 through Feb.8， 2020.

流感（流行性感冒）是一种由病毒感染呼吸道引发的疾病。通常由流感病毒引发，有轻症，也有重症。流感感染严重的可致住院治疗或死亡。流感的症状通常是突发而非缓慢发展的，表现为发冷、全身酸痛、显著乏力和头痛。有时候病人会出现咳嗽，一些病人也会发热。

流感易经咳嗽、打喷嚏、交谈传播，因为它可经空气中的被感染飞沫传播。流感疫苗可有效预防流感，所以美国疾病控制与预防中心呼吁每个6个月以上的美国人每年都进行流感疫苗接种。

世卫组织称，世界范围来说，流感每年导致的重症病例高达500万，致死人数高达65万。

基于2019年10月1日到2020年2月8日的数据，美国疾控中心发布的“2019-2020美国流感季初步数据”中显示，2019-2020的流感季美国已有流感病例2，600万例，其中死亡病例14，000例。

SARS （Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome） first appeared in China inNovember 2002， was recognized at the end of February 2003.

SARS-CoV is an airborne virus， which means it's spread in a similar way to coldsand flu.The virus is spread in small 10）droplets of saliva coughed or sneezed into the airby an infected person.

SARS is spread to 26 countries， 11）sickening 8，422 people and killing 919， accordingto the WHO.Since 2004， unknow transmission ofSARS has been reported.

10） droplet ['dr?pl?t]n.小滴

11） sicken ['s?k?n]v.使生病

“非典”首次出现在中国是2002年11月，2003年2月底被确认。

重症急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒是一种空气传播病毒，它与感冒和流感有相似传播途径。这种病毒通过己感染者咳嗽或打喷嚏时溅出至空气中的飞沫传播。

据世卫组织公布的数据，“非典”传播至26个国家，全球累计“非典”病例8，422例，死亡919例。2004年以来，没有已知的新发病例。