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腹腔镜手术+甲氨蝶呤对异位妊娠患者生育功能的影响

2020-05-11黄红来

中外医学研究 2020年2期
关键词:甲氨蝶呤异位妊娠腹腔镜手术

黄红来

【摘要】 目的:探討腹腔镜手术+甲氨蝶呤对异位妊娠患者生育功能的影响。方法:选取2013年1月-2016年1月在笔者所在医院接受治疗的82例异位妊娠患者,随机分为对照组(n=40)和观察组(n=42)。对照组进行腹腔镜手术治疗,观察组在此基础上使用药物甲氨蝶呤,比较两组术中出血量、手术时间、术后β-人绒毛膜促性腺激素(β-hCG)降至正常时间、住院时间;检测术前和术后24 h两组凝血功能和孕酮水平并进行对比分析;治疗后6个月,检查并记录患者输卵管通畅率,统计3年内正常妊娠率、再次异位妊娠率。结果:观察组术中出血量少于对照组,手术时间、术后β-hCG降至正常时间、住院时间均短于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗前两组孕酮及凝血功能比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),治疗后,观察组凝血酶时间短于对照组,孕酮水平低于对照组,纤维蛋白原浓度高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后6个月,观察组输卵管通畅率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后3年内观察组再次异位妊娠率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组治疗后3年内正常妊娠率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:与单纯腹腔镜手术治疗异位妊娠患者相比,腹腔镜手术+甲氨蝶呤治疗效果更好,能够缩短治疗时间,加快患者恢复,增大患者宫内受孕的概率。

【关键词】 异位妊娠 甲氨蝶呤 腹腔镜手术 生育功能

doi:10.14033/j.cnki.cfmr.2020.02.062 文献标识码 B 文章编号 1674-6805(2020)02-0-03

[Abstract] Objective: To explore the effect of laparoscopic surgery plus Methotrexate on reproductive function in patients with ectopic pregnancy. Method: Eighty-two patients with ectopic pregnancy who received treatment in the author's hospital from January 2013 to January 2016 were selected, and were randomly divided into control group (n=40) and observation group (n=42). The control group was treated with laparoscopic surgery, while the observation group was treated with Methotrexate on this basis. The amount of intraoperative bleeding, the time of operation, the time of β-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) to normal and the time of hospitalization were compared between the two groups. The coagulation function and progesterone level were measured before and 24 hours after operation. Six months after treatment, the tubal patency rate was examined and recorded, and the normal pregnancy rate and the rate of ectopic pregnancy again within 3 years were counted. Result: The amount of blood loss in the observation group was less than that in the control group, the operation time, the postoperative β-hCG decreased to normal time, and the hospitalization time was shorter than that in the control group, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in progesterone and coagulation function between the two groups before treatment (P>0.05). After treatment, the time of thrombin in the observation group was shorter than that in the control group, the level of progesterone was lower than that in the control group, and the concentration of fibrinogen was higher than that in the control group, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Six months after treatment, the tubal patency rate in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05), the rate of ectopic pregnancy in the observation group was lower than that in the control group within 3 years after treatment (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in the normal pregnancy rate between the two groups within 3 years after treatment (P>0.05). Conclusion: Compared with simple laparoscopic surgery for ectopic pregnancy, laparoscopic surgery plus Methotrexate is more effective; it can shorten the treatment time, accelerate the recovery of patients, and increase the probability of intrauterine pregnancy.

在腹腔镜手术中,绒毛的活性越高,出血量会越多。联合使用甲氨蝶呤治疗,能降低绒毛活性,从而减少术中的出血量,缩短手术的时间;并且减少了反复电凝止血对身体的伤害,使得病情得到更好的控制,能提高妊娠的成功率。在本研究中,观察组的手术时间和住院天数比对照组更短,则表明观察组预后恢复时间更快,治疗效果更好。在一定的范围内,β-hCG波动能反映异位妊娠的治疗效果。腹腔镜手术中,注射甲氨蝶呤能够提高术后β-hCG的下降速度,局部药物浓度较高,其治疗作用强;使得分布至全身的药量较少,副作用降低,安全性较好。在本研究中,对β-hCG含量进行监测,观察组β-hCG降至正常的时间早于对照组,说明观察组的治愈率更高,安全性更好,恢复更快。

异位妊娠的致死率与输卵管破裂大出血有关。输卵管破裂会导致内源性凝血途径的启动,导致患者凝血功能的降低。腹腔镜手术中,注射甲氨蝶呤,会使凝血酶时间降低,纤维蛋白原的含量升高,表明异常抗凝的情况减少,对患者的凝血功能进行了改善,加快了患者的恢复。本研究中,手术24 h后,观察组孕酮水平低于对照组,表明腹腔镜手术中注射甲氨蝶呤,患者的孕酮水平降低更快。输卵管的通畅极大程度影响着女性宫内受孕,治疗6个月后,观察组输卵管通畅率提高,增加了患者再次宫内受孕的概率。单纯腹腔镜手术易残留滋养细胞,会发生再次异位妊娠;联合注射甲氨蝶呤,能够对滋养细胞的增生进行抑制,减少异位妊娠的发生。手术结束后的3年内观察组再次异位妊娠率低于对照组,说明观察组治疗效果更好。手术后3年内两组患者正常妊娠率无明显差异。

综上所述,腹腔镜手术+甲氨蝶呤治疗与单纯腹腔镜手术对比,能够缩短治疗时间,加快患者的恢复;能降低再次异位妊娠发生率,增大宫内受孕的概率,对患者的生育功能有良好的影响。

参考文献

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(收稿日期:2019-09-06) (本文编辑:马竹君)

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