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B族链球菌预防性治疗对妊娠晚期GBS检测阳性孕妇母婴结局的影响

2020-05-07杨东群盛霞玲周文娟

中国医学创新 2020年5期
关键词:妊娠晚期

杨东群 盛霞玲 周文娟

【摘要】 目的:探讨B族链球菌(group B streptococci,GBS)预防性治疗对妊娠晚期GBS检测阳性孕妇母婴结局的影响。方法:选取本院2018年1-12月收治的妊娠晚期GBS检测阳性者100例的临床资料进行回顾性分析,根据是否进行GBS预防性治疗分为对照组与研究组。50例未接受GBS预防性治疗作为对照组,50例接受GBS预防性治疗作为研究组。比较两组新生儿结局、分娩情况,并分析早产儿中GBS感染情况。结果:研究组胎儿生长受限、新生儿窒息、胎儿窘迫及新生儿感染发生率均低于对照组(P<0.05);研究组胎膜早破、产后出血、产褥感染、剖宫产及早产发生率均低于对照组(P<0.05);≥34周且<37周早产儿GBS定植阳性率明显低于<34周早产儿,且抗GBS荚膜多糖抗体水平明显高于<34周早产儿(P<0.05)。结论:B族链球菌预防性治疗能有效改善妊娠晚期GBS检测阳性孕妇的母婴结局,早产儿GBS感染阳性率及抗GBS荚膜多糖抗体水平与胎龄相关,应重视GBS检测阳性孕妇分娩的早产儿GBS筛查,并及时给予治疗。

【关键词】 妊娠晚期 B族链球菌 预防性治疗

[Abstract] Objective: To investigate the effect of group B streptococci (GBS) preventive treatment on maternal and infant outcomes of pregnant women with positive GBS test in the third trimester of pregnancy. Method: The clinical data of 100 cases of GBS positivity in the third trimester of pregnancy admitted to our hospital from January to December 2018 were analyzed retrospectively. They were divided into control group and research group according to whether treated with GBS preventive treatment in the first trimester of pregnancy. 50 cases did not receive GBS preventive treatment as control group, and 50 cases received GBS preventive treatment as research group. Neonatal and delivery outcome were compared between the two groups. GBS infection in premature infants was analyzed. Result: The incidence of fetal growth restriction, neonatal asphyxia, fetal distress and neonatal infection in the research group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). The incidence of premature rupture of membranes, postpartum hemorrhage, puerperal infection, cesarean section and premature delivery in the research group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). The positive rate of GBS colonization in preterm infants ≥34 weeks and <37 weeks was significantly lower than that in preterm infants <34 weeks, and the level of anti-GBS capsular polysaccharide antibody was significantly higher than that in preterm infants <34 weeks (P<0.05). Conclusion: Preventive treatment of GBS can effectively improve maternal and infant outcomes of pregnant women infected with GBS in the third trimester of pregnancy, the positive rate of GBS infection in premature infants and the level of anti-GBS capsulated polysaccharide antibody are related to gestational age, attention should be paid to GBS screening and timely treatment of premature infants delivered by pregnant women with GBS infection.

生殖系統遭受霉菌、衣原体、滴虫等多种致病微生物的侵入后会出现生殖道感染疾病[1-2]。B族链球菌(group B streptococci,GBS)为革兰阳性菌属感染的细菌之一,感染者多为孕妇,妊娠期女性的泌尿系统感染、子宫内膜感染等多与GBS寄生其阴道、肠道或尿道中有着密切的联系,对女性的身心健康及胎儿在子宫内的生长发育造成不利影响[3-4]。然而,我国长期GBS感染的治疗方案及治疗时机方面研究较少,且在国际上也存在较大的争议[5]。本研究旨在探讨B族链球菌预防性治疗对妊娠晚期GBS检验阳性孕妇母婴结局的影响,为临床早期用药提供参考依据,确保母婴安全,现报道如下。

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[7]尹悦,刘肖英,王静娴,等.孕妇生殖道B族链球菌感染与胎膜早破关系及其对母婴预后的影响[J].广州医科大学学报,2016,44(6):45-47.

[8]王月丽.妊娠晚期孕妇生殖道B族鏈球菌感染对产妇分娩结局和新生儿预后的影响[J].抗感染药学,2018,15(7):1164-1166.

[9]曹雪莲.生殖道B族链球菌感染对妊娠晚期孕妇妊娠结局及新生儿的影响[J].中国医学创新,2019,16(10):141-144.

[10]谭玉杰,海巨珺,王颢.妊娠晚期孕妇生殖道B族链球菌感染对母婴预后的影响[J].中华医院感染学杂志,2015,25(18):4279-4281.

[11]米阳,王艳霞,郭娜,等.孕妇生殖道B族链球菌感染对母儿预后的影响研究[J].中国妇幼保健,2015,30(7):1065-1066.

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[13] Madrid L,Seale A C,Kohli-Lynch M,et al.Infant group B streptococcal disease incidence and serotypes worldwide:systematic review and meta-analyses[J].Clin Infect Dis,2017,65(Suppl 2):160-172.

[14]殷艳晶,刘爱平,肖凤.妊娠晚期B族链球菌带菌者预防性治疗的临床分析[J/OL].实用妇科内分泌杂志(电子版),2019,6(5):27.

[15] ChenJ,Fu J,Du W,et al.Group B streptococcal colonization in mothers and infants in western China:prevalence and risk factors[J].BMC Infect Dis,2018,18(1):291.

[16]刘婉文.早产儿B族链球菌带菌情况研究[J].实用临床医药杂志,2016,20(1):181-183.

[17]黄静,林新祝,赖基栋,等.孕妇B族链球菌定植及其早产儿感染状况的研究[J].中国当代儿科杂志,2019,21(6):567-572.

[18]褚利霞.妊娠晚期孕妇生殖道B族链球菌感染对母婴预后影响[J].中国妇幼保健,2016,31(24):5361-5362.

[19]李超华,贾冬丽.早期药物干预降低GBS带菌孕妇胎膜早破、早产的效果分析[J].实用中西医结合临床,2018,18(10):95-96.

(收稿日期:2019-09-03) (本文编辑:田婧)

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