英语定语从句的归化翻译

【摘要】后置定语是英语的一个重要的语言现象。本文以实例论述了采用归化翻译法来翻译英语定语从句可以保证汉语译文地对原文的信和顺达。

【关键词】后置定语;定语从句;归化翻译;英汉翻译

【Abstract】Post-position attributes are a very significant phenomenon in English language. The article illustrates that the application of domestication in the translation of the English attributive clauses into Chinese can secure the faithfulness to the original， expressiveness and smoothness of the translation.

【Key words】post-position attribute， attributive clauses; domestication; English-Chinese translation

【作者簡介】王楠（1983-），女，河北唐山人，北京政法职业学院基础部，讲师，硕士学位，研究方向：商务英语，二语习得。

由于中英两种语言的文化差异，汉语与英语在语义内含和语法结构上差异很大。英语的定语从句是英语后置定语的重要组成部分，是有别于汉语的一个独特的语言现象。这是因为汉语中没有后置定语，所有的定语都是前置于“的”字和被修饰语之前。

例如：Electricity passes from the track to the truck using a movable arm that extends from below the vehicle. 利用从车下延伸出的可移动臂，电流由轨道输入卡车。

基于英语定语从句和它所修饰的名词间的关系，定语从句在汉译时可以被译为汉语的：

1.独立句：We benefit every day from advances in global communications， the Internet， and artificial intelligence systems， which contribute to electricity generation， air traffic control， manufacturing， and financial markets to mention but a few.

我们每天都会从全球交通、互联网和人工智能系统所取得的进步中受益。这些进展促进了发电、空中交通管制、制造业和金融市场等众多领域的发展。

He also said he would impose tariffs of 25 per cent on $325 billion of Chinese goods “shortly，” which would essentially mean all goods imported from China into the United States would be blanketed by duties.

他还说很快他将对3，250亿美元的中国产品征收25%的关税。这意味着基本上所有进口到美国的中国产品都将在征税范围之内。

2.并列子句： I have ordered a large tent online， which will be delivered to you this afternoon.

我在网上订了一个大帐篷，今天下午就能送到你那儿。

3. 与主句形成对比的并列子句：In detective stories the murderers are always caught， which doesnt happen in the real world.侦探小说里的凶手总会被绳之以法，而在现实生活中是不会发生的。

4. 主句的谓语：This will be followed by phase II and III， which will require the chemical industry to purchase additional controls and equipment to reduce toxic emissions.

在这之后的第二阶段和第三阶段要求化工企业购买能减少毒性排放物的附加控制装置和设备。

5. 原因状语：Schumpeter argued that the main agents of economic growth are the entrepreneurs who introduce new products， new methods of production， and other innovations into otherwise static economic process.

熊彼德认为：经济发展的主要动因是企业家，因为他们引进新产品、新生产方式和其他创新，否则经济过程将会停滞。

6. 目的状语：A negotiation that goes as far as possible to reach a position that leavers and remainders can both accept is essential.协商是必须的，以便尽可能使离欧派和留欧派都能够接受。

7. 结果状语：Light whiskey is stored in seasoned charred oak casks， which impact little color and flavor.

淡威士忌储存在碳化处理的干栎木桶内，因而色淡味寡。

8. 让步状语：The textile mill whose products enjoy a nation-wide fame spares no efforts in the development of its new products to strengthen its competitiveness in the market.

虽然这家纺织厂的产品在国内享有盛誉，但是始终致力于新产品的研发以便增强自己在市场上的竞争力。

9. 条件状语：Anybody who violates the law will be punished; no matter he is a prince or an ordinary person.无论何人，不管是王子也好还是庶民如若违反了法律都要受到惩罚。

10. 时间状语：A girl who was watching her telephone was knocked down by a truck and died.

一名女孩在看手机时，被卡车撞死了。

上述定语从句在汉译时遵循目的语句法规则做了一些调整（adjustments; 奈达，1997），采用归化翻译法---用目的语读者易懂流畅的文体翻译来尽量减少原文的陌生感（韦努蒂 ， 1995：15-20）。这些调整是建立在能够更好地表达原文意义的前提之下，是译文能够以通顺的词语阐明原文，符合目的语语法，使汉语译文不再冗赘的方法和技巧。

参考文献：

[1]Nida， Eugene A. Language， Culture and translating [M]. Shanghai： Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press， 1997.