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多元化护理干预对经皮冠状动脉介入治疗老年冠心病患者生活质量和心理状态的效果评价

2019-11-19何晓红陈嘉凤王苏英

中国现代医生 2019年25期
关键词:经皮冠状动脉介入老年生活质量

何晓红 陈嘉凤 王苏英

[摘要] 目的 探討多元化护理干预对经皮冠状动脉介入治疗老年冠心病患者生活质量和心理状态的效果。 方法 选取2016年9月~2018年8月于我院就诊的64例老年冠心病患者作为研究对象,按照抽签方法的不同分为两组,对照组给予一般护理,观察组给予多元化护理干预,对比两组患者的护理效果。 结果 干预前,两组患者躯体活动、心绞痛稳定程度、治疗满意度及主观感受评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),干预后,两组患者SAQ评分均明显升高(P<0.05),其中观察组的SAQ评分明显高于对照组(P<0.05);干预前,两组患者主观感受、生理领域、心理领域、社会关系及环境领域评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),干预后,两组患者QL评分均明显升高(P<0.05),其中观察组的QL评分明显高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组改变不良生活习惯百分比为93.75%,合理安排作息与适量运动百分比为96.88%,保持稳定情绪百分比为90.63%,掌握用药知识百分比为100.00%,均明显高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组并发症发生率为3.13%,明显低于对照组(21.89%),差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),两组干预前抑郁、焦虑评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组干预后抑郁、焦虑评分均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 多元化护理干预应用于经皮冠状动脉介入治疗老年冠心病患者中具有较高的临床价值,能够在提高治疗效果的同时提升生活质量。

[关键词] 多元化护理干预;经皮冠状动脉介入;老年;冠心病;生活质量

[中图分类号] R473.5          [文献标识码] B          [文章编号] 1673-9701(2019)25-0158-04

Effect of diversified nursing intervention on quality of life and mental status of elderly patients with coronary heart disease treated by percutaneous coronary intervention

HE Xiaohong1   CHEN Jiafeng1   WANG Suying2

1.Office of the Matron, Lishui Central Hospital in Zhejiang Province, Lishui 323000, China; 2.Department of Health Education, Lishui Central Hospital in Zhejiang Province, Lishui   323000, China

[Abstract] Objective To investigate the effect of diversified nursing intervention on the quality of life and mental state of elderly patients with coronary heart disease treated by percutaneous coronary intervention. Methods 64 elderly patients with coronary heart disease who were admitted in our hospital from September 2016 to August 2018 were enrolled in the study. They were divided into two groups according to the different methods of lottery method. The control group was given general nursing, and the observation group was given diversified nursing intervention. The nursing effects of the two groups were compared. Results Before intervention, there was no significant difference in physical activity, angina pectoris stability, treatment satisfaction, and subjective experience scores between the two groups(P>0.05). After the intervention, the SAQ scores of the two groups were significantly increased(P<0.05). The SAQ score of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05). Before the intervention, there was no significant difference in scores of subjective feeling,physiological field, psychological field, social relationship and environmental field (P>0.05). After intervention, the QL scores of the two groups were significantly increased (P<0.05),and the QL score of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). The percentage of lifestyle change in the observation group was 93.75%, and the percentage of reasonable arrangements for rest and moderate exercise was 96.88%, and the percentage of stable mood was 90.63%, and the percentage of knowledge of medication was 100.00%, which was significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05). The incidence of complications in the observation group was 3.13%, which was significantly lower than that of the control group (21.89%). The difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the pre-intervention depression and anxiety scores between the two groups(P>0.05). The post-intervention depression and anxiety scores in the observation group were lower than those of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). Conclusion Diversified nursing intervention has a high clinical value in the treatment of elderly patients with coronary heart disease by percutaneous coronary intervention, which can improve the quality of life while improving the therapeutic effect.

[Key words] Diversified nursing intervention; Percutaneous coronary intervention; Old age; Coronary heart disease; Quality of life

冠心病是临床上较为常见的疾病之一,具有病程长、病情复杂及死亡率高等特点[1-2],目前选择经皮冠状动脉介入术治疗已成为治疗心血管类疾病的主要手段之一,具有较为显著的疗效,但是其受疾病本身的影响可产生焦虑、抑郁等负面情绪,而以上负面情绪均是诱发心血管不良事件的主要因素之一,为此实施合理干預措施至关重要[3-5];我院为了探讨多元化护理干预对经皮冠状动脉介入治疗老年冠心病患者生活质量和心理状态的效果,选取64例老年冠心病患者为研究对象进行分析,现报道如下。

1 资料与方法

1.1 一般资料

研究时选取2016年9月~2018年8月64例老年冠心病患者,按照抽签方法的不同分为两组,对照组给予一般护理,观察组给予多元化护理干预。观察组男女性别之比为16:16;年龄61~86岁,平均年龄(73.05±1.23)岁;病程5个月~8年,平均病程(4.32±0.56)年。对照组男女性别之比为17:15;年龄62~86岁,平均年龄(73.08±1.27)岁;病程6个月~8年,平均病程(4.35±0.59)年。两组基本资料对比无差异(P>0.05),具有可比性。纳入标准:所有患者均符合世界卫生组织的诊断标准,并经冠状动脉造影确诊为冠心病,无活动及认知障碍,血流动力学稳定。排除标准:伴随有其他重大疾病的患者,心理不良的患者。

1.2 方法

1.2.1 对照组  给予一般护理,如密切监测患者的生命体征,给予药物治疗等。

1.2.2 观察组  给予多元化护理干预:(1)健康知识宣教:实施干预措施前护理人员需掌握患者的基本情况,且评估患者对疾病相关知识了解程度,随后根据评估结果制定个性化健康教育方案,宣教内容包括正确处理紧急心脏事件方法,预防及控制疾病危险因素、康复运动的安全性及健康心态的调整等,可选择一对一与集中授课方式为患者讲解,一周一次,以便于为患者树立正确认知观,且加深印象,对养成健康生活习惯具有积极作用[6-7]。(2)康复训练:病情稳定阶段于术后24 h开始康复训练,而不稳定患者则在术后卧床3~7 d后,且病情稳定后实施康复训练;先对患者进行被动训练,包括坐立、翻身、床边坐起等,且根据自觉疲劳及运动强度评估结果制定合理的运动强度及类型,运动方式以步行、慢跑、打太极拳及体操为主,运动次数为一周4~5次,一次时间控制为60 min,疗程为30 d;于康复训练过程中医务人员需密切观察,根据患者康复情况调整方案,且嘱咐患者定期复查[8-9]。(3)音乐干预:手术治疗结束后根据患者意愿为其进行音乐疗法,即播放舒缓音乐,一次时间为30 min,一周2次,有利于缓解负面情绪,且让患者保持良好心态。(4)心理干预:待手术治疗结束且脱离危险期,可对患者评估负面情绪及心绞痛症状,根据评估结果实施疏导干预,且通过介绍成功病例帮助患者树立战胜疾病信心,继而积极配合医务人员工作[10-11]。(5)遵医嘱行为监控:护理人员需每天记录患者日常饮食、康复运动情况及用药情况等,以便于及时发现异常情况,通过相应措施纠正。

1.3 观察指标

观察且评估两组患者的SAQ评分、QL评分、干预依从性及并发症发生率(出血、尿潴留、失眠)。SAQ评分共包括5项(躯体活动受限、心绞痛稳定程度、心绞痛发作频率、治疗满意度、主观感受),其中分值为0~100分,得分越高说明机体功能状态越好[12]。QL评分共包括5项(主观感受、生理领域、心理领域、社会关系、环境领域),运用访谈方式进行评估,分值为0~5分,得分越高说明生活质量越好。干预依从性选择问卷调查表评估,评估内容包括4方面(改变不良生活习惯、合理安排作息与适量运动、保持稳定情绪、掌握用药知识)[13]。采用抑郁自评量表、焦虑自评量表评估患者干预前后心理状态,分值在0~100分之间,评分越高,心理状态越差[14]。

1.4 统计学方法

采用SPSS21.00统计学软件分析,计数资料组间比较采用χ2检验,计量资料组间比较采用t检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。

2 结果

2.1 两组患者干预前后SAQ评分比较

干预前,两组患者躯体活动、心绞痛稳定程度、治疗满意度以及主观感受评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),干预后,两组患者SAQ评分均明显升高(P<0.05),其中观察组的SAQ评分明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。见表1。

2.2 两组患者干预前后QL评分比较

干预前,两组患者主观感受、生理领域、心理领域、社会关系以及环境领域评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),干预后,两组患者QL评分均明显升高(P<0.05),其中观察组的QL评分明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。见表2。

2.3 两组患者干预依从性比较

观察组改变不良生活习惯百分比为93.75%,合理安排作息与适量运动百分比为96.88%,保持稳定情绪百分比为90.63%,掌握用药知识百分比为100.00%,均明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。见表3。

表3   两组患者干预依从性比较[n(%)]

2.4 两组患者并发症发生率比较

观察组并发症发生率为3.13%,明显低于对照组(21.89%),差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。见表4。

表4 两组患者并发症发生率比较[n(%)]

2.5 两组患者干预前后心理状态比较

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(收稿日期:2018-11-13)

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