交直流混杂环境下变压器漏电感参数分析方法
2019-10-21潘超米俭蔡国伟王格万韩涛金明权
潘超 米俭 蔡国伟 王格万 韩涛 金明权
Abstract:The variation of inductance and current are obviously different from the traditional condition when the power transformer is impacted by DC disturbance. The characteristics of dynamic leakage inductance were studied in AC-DC hybrid transformer. The T-shape equivalent circuit was established based on the basic circuit principle. Identification matrix of the dynamic inductance is obtained, and the identification method of inductance was deduced. Then the electromagnetic characteristics of DC-injected transformer were simulated and analyzed through the time-domain field-circuit coupled method, and the varying rule of the key parameters was summarized. Furthermore, the variation characteristics of dynamic leakage inductance on both sides of transformer were analyzed to reflect the different DC disturbance level combined with T equivalent circuit. Finally, the simulation results were verified by the dynamic model test.
Keywords:equivalent circuit; DC disturbance; dynamic leakage inductance; transformer protection
0 引 言
电力变压器作为电力系统中至关重要的设备,在不同级别的电网互联和功率交换着关键作用[1-2]。研究发现,(准)直流电流可以出现在直流输电单极大地回路运行或地球磁暴条件下交流电网的接地变压器—输电线路—大地回路中[3-4],同时大规模电力电子装置的应用与普及,使得线路中可能存在一定的直流分量[5]。因此,交流电网中的变压器存在交直流混杂的特殊运行环境,导致作为电磁装置的一类设备如变压器存在直流偏磁[6]。近年来,欧美地区多次发生由于变压器遭受直流扰动所导致的大规模停电事故[7],我国各地区电网也频繁出现类似事故[8]。直流扰动时,会给变压器带来运行异常以及保护方面等问题,从而威胁电网及其主要设备的安全稳定运行。因此,研究直流扰动时相关参数的变化情况以及对设备和系统的安全性和保护设计具有重要意义。
直流扰动情况下的变压器,存在铁心饱和程度加深、励磁电流畸变以及谐波增加等现象,进一步带来相关电气参数的保护故障以及补偿装置跳闸等问题[9-10]。目前,依靠电感参数开展变压器保护的研究颇受关注[11-13]。文献[14-15]中以变压器漏感参数作为研究对象,利用漏感反映變压器遭受扰动时的内部电磁变化情况,从而保护短路等故障时的变压器。但是,上述方法没有将直流扰动考虑到变压器的运行状态中,而且变压器遭受直流扰动时采用该保护策略并没有对漏感参数进行处理。因此,有必要结合变压器偏磁特点,分析漏感参数的变化特性,为探索变压器新型直流扰动保护策略提供理论依据。
本文研究了直流扰动时变压器偏磁效应下的漏感参数变化特性,通过建立基于动态漏电感参数的变压器直流扰动模型,获得动态漏电感矩阵和励磁电感矩阵。利用电磁耦合模型模拟受直流扰动影响时的变压器电磁特性,总结电流、电感和磁通量的变化规律,分析变压器两侧动态漏感的变化特性。最后,通过动模实验验证仿真分析结果。
1 基于漏感参数的直流扰动模型
1.1 变压器电路方程
表3中,L1e为动态电感的平均值。变压器励磁饱和程度随直流扰动水平的升高而加深。对比不同运行条件下变压器关键参数可知:直流扰动加深时,I1增大,L1e减小,表明有效主磁通减小,漏磁通增大,从而导致动态漏电感的增大。综上,变压器空载运行与负载运行时,动态漏电感参数的变化情况基本一致。
5 结 论
对于交直流混杂环境下变压器受的励磁饱和与失稳问题,结合漏电感参数在直流扰动下的变化情况研究其偏磁特性,得出以下结论:
1)无直流扰动时,动态漏电感参数正负半周对称,随着直流扰动增大,电感波形发生畸变,与非线性励磁状态对应,其畸变程度由直流扰动程度决定,利用漏感参数可以表征变压器在直流扰动下的异常和故障。
2)通过实验数据验证仿真波形的正确性,同时验证了本文所提出的漏感参数分析方法的有效性,为进一步研究交直流混杂环境下变压器的变化特性与开展相关保护研究提供可行方法。
参 考 文 献:
[1] DANIEL G,HECTOR E,ERNESTO V,et al.Algorithm for transformer differential protection based on wavelet correlation modes[J].IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution,2016,10(12):2871.
[2] 许加柱,祁琦,李知宇,等.基于降阶电感矩阵法的多流制牵引主变压器直流滤波电感的计算[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(15):3964.
XU Jiazhu,QI Qi,LI Zhiyv,et al.Calculations of DC Filter Inductance Used in Multi-System Traction Main Transformers Based on the Reduced-Order Inductance Matrix Method[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(15):3964.
[3] SABURO T,HAYAKI M,TOMOVA H,et al.Imaging of magnetic nanoparticles using a second harmonic of magnetization with DC bias field[J].IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,2015,51(2):1.
[4] 刘春明,黄彩臣,林晨翔.抑制变压器地磁感应电流的电容隔直装置安装位置优化[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(16):132.
LIU Chunming,HUANG Caichen,LIN Chenxiang.Installation position optimization of capacitor DC blocking devices for suppressing geomagnetically induced currents in transformers[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2016,(16):132.
[5] 陈国栋,宋晋峰,张亮,等.动态电压恢复器注入变压器的直流偏磁抑制策略[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(28):138.
CHEN Guodong,SONG Jinfeng,ZHANG Liang,et al.Control strategy for eliminating DC magnetic flux in the injection transformer of a dynamic voltage restorer[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(28):138.
[6] BAODONG B,CHEN Zhiwei,CHEN Dezhi.DC bias elimination and integrated magnetic technology in power transformer[J].IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,2015,51(11):1.
[7] P R PRICE.Geomagnetically induced current effects on transformers[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2012,17(4):1002.
[8] LIU C M,LIU L G, R P.Geomagnetically induced currents in the high-voltage power grid in China [J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2010,24(4):2368.
[9] 李泓志,崔翔,刘东升,等.直流偏磁对三相电力变压器的影响[J]. 电工技术学报,2010,25(05):88.
LI Hongzhi,CUI Xiang,LIU Dongsheng,et al.Influence on three-phase power transformer by DC bias Excitation[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2010,25(05):88.
[10] 谭炳源,卢继平,江波,等.直流偏磁对计量用电流互感器的性能影响分析[J].电网技术,2014,38(05):1408.
TAN Bingyuan,LU Jiping,JIANG Bo,et al.Analysis of influence of DC bias on instrument current transformer[J].Power System Technology,2014,38(05):1408.
[11] 焦在濱,马涛,屈亚军,等.基于励磁电感参数识别的快速变压器保护[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(10):1658.
JIAO Zaibin,MA Tao,QV Yajun,et al.A novel excitation inductance-based power transformer protection scheme[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(10):1658.
[12] 索南加乐,许立强,焦在滨,等.基于磁路特征的三相三柱式变压器励磁参数识别[J].中国电机工程学报,2011,31(19):97.
SUONAN Jiale,XU Liqiang,JIAO Zaibin,et al.Identification method for excitation inductances of three-phase three-limb transformer based on characteristics of magnetic circuit[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2011,31(19):97.
[13] 邓祥力,高亮,刘建峰,等.特高压变压器模型漏感参数的稳态识别方法[J]. 电工技术学报,2014,29(5):254.
DENG Xiangli,GAO Liang,LIU Jianfeng,et al.Steady-State parameter identification of UHV transformer model[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2014,29(5):254.
[14] 索南加乐,王志恩,焦在滨,等.基于变压器T形等效电路的漏电感参数特性分析[J]. 电力系统自动化,2010,34(11):38.
SUONAN Jiale,WANG Zhien,JIAO Zaibin,et al. Analysis of the leakage inductance parameter characteristics using the transformer T-equivalent circuit[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2010,34(11):38.
[15] 王增平,马静.基于等效瞬时漏感与回路方程的变压器保护原理[J]. 中国电机工程学报,2007,27(19):39.
WANG Zengping,MA Jing.A novel principle of transformer protection based on equivalent instantaneous leakage inductance and loop equation[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE,2007,27(19):39.
[16] 潘超,孟涛,王梦纯,等.交直流混合模式下变压器动态电感参数辨识方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(24):6315.
PAN Chao,MENG Tao,WANG Mengchun,et al.Identification of dynamic inductance for transformer under AC-DC hybrid mode[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(24):6315.
[17] 潘超,何雯婷,郝文波,等.一种变压器时域场路耦合计算的自适应算法[J].电工技术学报,2014,29(12):113.
PAN Chao,HE Wenting,HAO Wenbo,et al.A self-adaptive algorithm of time-domain magnetic field and electric circuit coupled computation for transformer[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2014,29(12):113.
[18] 尹克宁.变压器设计原理[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2003.
[19] 刘春明,王璇,刘连光,等.考虑海岸效应影响的电网地磁感应电流的计算方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(22):6059.
LIU Chunming,WANG Xuan,LIU Lianguang,et al.Calculation method of geomagnetically induced currents in the power grid considering the influence of the coast effect[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(22):6059.
[20] 孫建涛,李金忠,张书琦,等.单相单柱旁轭变压器直流偏磁运行性能测试与分析[J].电网技术,2013,37(07):2041.
SUN Jiantao,LI Jinzhong,ZHANG Shuqi,et al.Test and analysis on operating performance of transformer with single-phase three-limb core under DC bias[J].Power System Technology,2013,37(07):2041.
(编辑:贾志超)