中学生英语阅读六选五题型的解题方法研究
2019-09-10席萌
摘要:阅读是增长知识获取信息的主要途径,阅读能力是英语教学的重点。近年来,注重对初中生阅读理解能力的考核已成为中考的一大趋势。阅讀理解能力影响并制约听、说、读、写能力的形成和发展,中学英语教学大纲也把培养阅读能力作为一个主要的教学目标。
关键词:阅读能力;阅读;中学英语
1.导言
近年来,贵阳中考的阅读理解增加了六选五题型。其命题体现了《新课标》“用英语获取、处理和运用信息的能力;逐步获取用英语思维的能力。”的阅读学习和教学理念。
但是,在这种题型面前,很多学生做题正确率不高。甚至,有的学生在六选五题型中出现全错的情况。
2.题型设置
针对此类情况,我将从题型设置和解题步骤上进行分析。从题型设置上,题目选项可分为a。主旨概括大意b。细节性文章结构判断c。上下文逻辑判断。如下以2015年贵阳市中考英语试卷为例来分析。
Body language is one of the most powerful means of communication.81 people around the world show all kinds of feelings,wishes and attitudes that they might never speak aloud.
The most universal facial expression is the smile.people usually smile to show happiness and make people feel comfortable.But sometimes it doesn’t always mean that we are truly happy,however,smile around the world can be false,hiding other feelings like anger,fear or worry. 82_ However,the general purpose of smiling is to show good feelings.
From the time we are babies,we show unhappiness or anger by frowning.83 Making a fist and shaking it almost means that someone is angry and threatening another person.
There are many ways around the world to show agreement,but nodding the head up and down is used for agreement almost worldwide.84
How about showing that I am bored?Looking away from people will make me appear to be uninterested. However, if I turn toward and look at someone or something, people from almost every culture will think that I am interested. If I roll my eyes and turn my head away,I most likely do not believe what I’m hearing or don’t like it.
Be respectful to people is subjective,based on each culture.but in general it is probably not a good idea to give a hug to a boss or teacher. 85 with so many cultural differences between people .it is great to have some similarities in body language.We can often be wrong about each other. So it is an amazing thing that we understand each other as well as we do.
Most people also understand that shaking the head from side to side means disagreement or refusal.
There are unhappy smiles,such as when someone“loses face”and smiles to hide it.
It is often even more powerful than spoken language.
People around the world show show their feelings in quite different ways.
Standing at a little distance with open hands will show that I am willing to listen.
In most places around the world, frowning and turning one’s back to someone shows anger.
答案:CBFAE:這篇文章分为六个层次,每个段落均由几个语段构成相对独立的语义单位,各段都围绕“body language”这一话题,形成了文章的结构。第一段讲的是身体语言的重要性,第二段讲的是微笑这种肢体语言的几种含义,第三段讲的是愤怒的肢体语言有哪些,第四段讲的是不同意的肢体语言, 第五段讲的是表达感兴趣的肢体语言,第六段讲的是表达尊敬的肢体语言。因此,形成了文章的层次结构。
3.解题方法
3.1如何理解文章的句与句
文章句子是关键,句子结构是灵魂,结构重点在成份,成份关键在主谓。 所以,在理解句子的时候,首要的是要找到文章的主谓,然后再找其他成份,这样才能准确理解文章句与句之间的真正含义。
3.2理解句与句之间的关系
文章的内容是根据每段的具体意思组合而成,各个段落之间不管怎样表述,但它所表达的内容都是要围绕一个中心,从每段的逻辑关系来说,句与句之间的关系主要有并列:递进、转折、解释、因果等关系。文章的构成都是在这些句与句的关系转换中来延伸的。因此,理解阅读材料时要把握句子的含义,理清句子间的关系,然后再来理解全文内容。
3.3找出连接句子的词语
这类词就是连词,可借助句子之间的连接性词语来把握,因为连接性词语能表明这个语段句与句之间、层与层之间的基本关系。表示转折关系的英语词汇有(如however,though,yet,but)比如选项2, 5与前句构成了转折关系,故应选B和E项答案。层递关系(如also,what’s more, too, not only…but also 等)。如4选项,与前句组合为层递关系,故应选包含also的A项句子。解释关系,如1选项应选C选项,与3选项平等的,所以故应选F项而非A项。
4.实施步骤
4.1快速阅读文章,迅速找到文章的中心思想。在阅读中,要注意文章每段的开头和结尾的句子,因为开门点题和结尾点题的写作方式会被经常的用到。因此,这样可以知道作者写这篇文章的写作意图。
4.2快速的读文章每段的意思,迅速找到每段内容的关键词。找到每段的段落主旨句,各段落会根据整体文章写作主题展开,知道作者写作的具体内容。
4.3阅读题目的选项,定位选项时,要注意空格上下句与句之间的内容, 将所选选项放入空白处,看带入选项是否与上下文逻辑上连贯。使文章在内容和形式上都能连接。
4.4在完成题后,应迅速通读全文,要从文章的逻辑顺序和上下文结构中来判断选项是否符合文章大意,同时要注意的是在不确定的情况下,要返回文中反复通读。
综上所诉,初中英语六选五题型虽然是新题型,但是通过正确的训练方法和解题策略,相信学生们会掌握此类题目的解题技巧。
参考文献
[1]吴文慧.中学生英语阅读策略的研究[J].内蒙古教育,2015(09):47.
[2]潘慧辰.英语学科核心素养下的初中英语阅读教学[J].安徽文学(下半月),2018(10):174-176+179.
作者简介:席萌(1990.3-),女,湖北当阳人,贵州省贵阳市观山湖区逸都国际学校,中学初级教师,研究方向:初中英语教育教学。