下肢骨折手术围手术期深静脉血栓形成的预防与护理探讨

2019-08-19吴丽芬

中外医学研究 2019年18期

吴丽芬

【摘要】目的：觀察分析下肢骨折手术围手术期深静脉血栓形成的预防与护理方法。方法：将在笔者所在医院关节外科2016年6月-2018年12月收治的股骨颈骨折患者60例作为研究对象，随机分成对照组（30例）与护理组（30例），其中对照组采取常规围手术期护理干预，护理组采取综合性护理干预。对照两组患者护理前后下肢血流速度，下肢肿胀、深静脉血栓、肺栓塞发生率，并根据结果总结围手术期深静脉血栓形成的预防与护理方法。结果：护理组与对照组患者护理后下肢肿胀率（6.67% vs 43.33%）、深静脉血栓形成率（0 vs 23.33%）、肺栓塞率（0 vs 13.33%）比较，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。护理干预前，两组患者下肢血流速度差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。经护理干预后，护理组患者下肢血流速度明显高于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.001）。结论：在骨科下肢骨折围手术期患者的护理中，术前正确评估患者危险系数，进行针对性的干预，术中注意保护患肢尽量配合医生缩短手术时间，术后密切观察，采取物理、康复等方法进行干预，可减少深静脉血栓的发生。

【关键词】下肢骨折; 围手术期; 深静脉血栓; 预防与护理

doi：10.14033/j.cnki.cfmr.2019.18.047 文献标识码 B 文章编号 1674-6805（2019）18-0-02

【Abstract】 Objective：To observe the prevention and nursing methods of deep venous thrombosis during the perioperative period of lower limb fracture surgery in orthopaedics department.Method：A total of 60 patients with femoral neck fracture were treated in our hospital during the period from June 2016 to December 2018.They were randomly divided into control group（30 cases） and nursing group（30 cases）.The control group received routine perioperative nursing intervention，while the nursing group received comprehensive nursing intervention.The blood flow velocity of lower limbs，the incidence of lower limb swelling，deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism were compared between the two groups before and after nursing.The prevention and nursing methods of deep venous thrombosis during perioperative period were summarized according to the results.Result：The lower limb swelling rate（6.67% vs 43.33%），deep venous thrombosis rate（0 vs 23.33%） and pulmonary embolism rate（0 vs 13.33%） were significantly different between the nursing group and the control group （P<0.05）.Before nursing intervention，there was no significant difference in lower limb blood flow velocity between the two groups（P>0.05）.After nursing intervention，the blood flow velocity of lower limbs in nursing group was significantly higher than that in control group（P<0.001）.Conclusion：In the perioperative nursing of patients with lower limb fracture，the risk factors of patients should be correctly evaluated before operation and targeted interventions should be carried out.During operation，attention should be paid to protecting the affected limbs as much as possible to cooperate with doctors to shorten the operation time.After operation，close observation should be made，physical and rehabilitation methods should be adopted，so as to reduce the occurrence of venous thrombosis.

【Key words】 Orthopaedic lower limb fracture; Perioperative period; Deep vein thrombosis; Prevention and nursing

综上所述，在骨科下肢骨折围手术期患者的护理中，术前正确评估患者危险系数，进行针对性的干预，术中注意保护患肢尽量配合医生缩短手術时间，术后密切观察，采取物理、康复等方法进行干预，发挥深静脉血栓形成的综合性预防护理干预，减少深静脉血栓的发生。

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