例谈高中英语段落写作及其教学策略
2019-06-18刘睿
刘睿
摘 要:写作能力是高中阶段英语教学重点培养的语言技能。目前高中英语写作教学面临课堂时间紧张,教与练之间往往缺乏写作支架搭建等问题。本文针对这些问题,结合《牛津高中英语》教材文本和练习题中的作文素材,探讨进行段落写作、引导学生搭建写作支架、提升学生思维能力的教学策略。
关键词:段落写作;支架搭建;积累词块;内容;思维
中图分类号:G633.41文献标识码:A 文章编号:1992-7711(2019)07-105-2
一、“段落写作”的内涵
段落写作,是指将段落视为一个相对独立的单位进行解剖、分析、领会、效仿并掌握,循序渐进,指导学习者怎样写出像样的段落。基于英语写作教学时间的不足和高考写作的高要求,笔者认为,只有进行段落写作教学方能解决这一难题。基于笔者所在班级学生英语水平较薄弱这一现实,笔者将写作时间控制在10~15分钟,写作篇幅以60~100词为单位。
二、“段落写作”在高中英语教学中的应用
1.以读促写,搭建框架
学生的写作能力有赖于针对性的、系统的训练。因此,段落写作教学中需从语言、内容、思维三大支点入手,充分利用已有的课本资源搭建写作支架,以读促写,以思促学。
如模块十第二单元的Reading可以用作练习“分析原因”段落的书面表达。本文描述美国两种人口移动的趋势:老年人搬迁到温暖的佛罗里达州而年轻人去往活力大城市。笔者从语言、内容、思维三大支点展开教学。首先学生在理解文章内容的基础上积累好词块,梳理文章脉络,归纳“分析原因”段落的表述结构:主题句+原因1(+支撑句)+原因2(+支撑句),接着将归纳好的中文段落让学生翻译。翻译时可参考积累的词块,积累工作由学生两人一组讨论合作完成。以下是学案的部分设计及参考答案:
Bright lights, big cities
Key phrases
There is a boom in... population movement
mobile peopleadapt to...
my own flesh and bloodelect to live in cities
swap A for B meet people and find entertainment
Summarize: Why are young people moving to large cities?
最近人口流动激增。流动人口中的许多人,尤其年轻人,离开家乡搬到大城市。
尽管生活花费高,许多年轻人仍然选择在城市居住。若干因素促成这个趋势。首先,年轻人灵活性强,能够很好地适应新地方和环境。其次,城市令人兴奋并对年轻人有吸引力。在那里能结交朋友、找到娱乐、开心。而且,和小城市相比,大城市里有更多的工作机会。
Recently there has been a boom in population movement. Many of these mobile people are young people, moving to large cities.
Despite high living expenses, many young people still elect to live in cities. Some factors contribute to this trend. To begin with,young people are so flexible that they can adapt to new places and situations well. Besides, cities are more exciting and great places to meet people and find entertainment. Moreover, compared with small cities, there are more job opportunities in large cities.
在此過程中,学生不仅加深了对话题词汇的记忆,而且关注课文中语句的结构且意识到恰当运用过渡词可使内容表达更连贯、逻辑更顺畅。
2.参照课本,学会仿写
学生学习Word power板块中关于sociology的短文,梳理脉络。
经过梳理学生了解到社会现象及人们行为都属于社会学范畴,研究它们的这种行为本身就是社会化,所以用影响不同层次社会化的因素来思考分析社会现象和人们行为就会变得下笔有方向,思维更加清晰,更具逻辑性。
新话题导入,学生学习本单元Task的文章,从影响社会化因素的角度来回答文中问题,划出原因:
Reasons why brain drain has changed:
(1)From economy:China's rapid development and the increasing number of international companies have led many Chinese living abroad to swap their lives there for a new life back in China.
(2)From education: More and more students who go abroad for study have their fees paid by the state or by companies. They return to work for these sponsors.
(3)From the media and the government: According to the government statistics, more than 130 thousand people came back to earn incomes. Many of them had benefited from governments special new policies encouraging people to start their own businesses.
(4)From social rules:Many people say word of mouth also brought them back.
发展话题,分析外流人才回国的现象(见下图),运用影响社会化的因素来思考完成“分析原因”段落:
自1978年以来,我国海外留学生回国人数逐年上升。请在Shanghai Daily上发表一篇文章,根据图表叙述上海海外归国情况,预测2009的趋势,分析回归原因,并希望更多的海外学者回国创业。
回归原因:
1.国家重视,政策优惠;上海还提供更国际化的生活方式。
2.我国经济高速发展,回国发展空间大。
3.……(请自拟)
要求:1.可根据内容要点适当增加细节,使行文连贯。
2.词数:150左右。短文开头已写好,不计入词数。
参考词汇:制定政策work out policies 海归人员returnee
学生经过记忆准备,当堂限时10分钟独立写作。
学生习作:
Returning to Shanghai is a popular choice for returnees for bright future. For one thing, with Shanghais rapid economic development and the increasing number of international companies, many returnees elect to swap their lives for a new life and promising jobs. For another,Shanghai government not only treasure talented people and draw new policies encouraging returnees to start their own business but also provide international and lively lifestyle to appeal to returnees. Besides, word of mouth brought them back to make good use of their skills.
從习作看,该学生已经掌握了“分析原因”段落写作的表述结构,运用了教材文本里的相关词汇并且思维逻辑清晰,基本达到了写作目标。
实践证明,教师善用文本资源、合理取舍、指导学生有针对性地进行系统的段落写作,适合高中写作教学的现状,符合高考写作要求。但写作能力的培养非一日之功,笔者建议高一、高二阶段仍需要进行段落写作。学生只有在高一、高二阶段获得大量的积累才能真正实现在高三阶段写作能力的提升!
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