奥卡西平合用利培酮治疗癫痫性精神分裂症的效果
2019-05-24叶健
叶健
[摘要]目的 探討奥卡西平合用利培酮治疗癫痫性精神分裂症的临床效果。方法 选取2014年2月~2017年3月我院收治的89例癫痫性精神分裂症患者作为研究对象,使用随机数字表法将其分为对照组(44例)与观察组(45例)。对照组患者接受安慰剂联合利培酮治疗,观察组患者接受奥卡西平合用利培酮治疗。对所有患者进行至少1年的随访,比较两组患者的临床治疗效果、不同时间脑电图异常发生率和癫痫发作频率。结果 接受治疗后12个月,观察组患者的治疗总有效率为95.56%,显著高于对照组的68.18%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者治疗前的癫痫发作频率及脑电图异常发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);对照组患者治疗后6个月的脑电图异常发生率低于治疗前,治疗后12个月的癫痫发作频率及脑电图异常发生率均低于治疗前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者治疗后6、12个月的癫痫发作频率及脑电图异常发生率均低于治疗前与对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 在利培酮的基础上,联合奥卡西平治疗癫痫性精神分裂症患者,能够有效降低脑电图异常发生率和癫痫发作频率,提升临床效果,改善患者的预后,具有一定的价值。
[关键词]奥卡西平;利培酮;颞叶癫痫;脑电图
[中图分类号] R743.3 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1674-4721(2019)4(a)-0071-03
[Abstract] Objective To explore the clinical effect of Oxcarbazepine combined with Risperidone in the treatment of epileptic schizophrenia. Methods A total of 89 cases of patients with epileptic schizophrenia admitted to our hospital from February 2014 to March 2017 were enrolled in the study, and they were divided into the control group (44 cases) and the observation group (45 cases) according to the random number table method. Patients in the control group received placebo combined with Risperidone, and patients in the observation group received Oxcarbazepine combined with Risperidone. All patients were followed up for at least 1 year. The clinical treatment effect, the incidence rate of electroencephalogram abnormalities and the frequency of epileptic seizures at different time were compared between the two groups. Results At 12 months after treatment, the total effective rate of treatment in the observation group was 95.56%, which was significantly higher than that in the control group (68.18%), and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the frequency of epileptic seizures and the incidence rate of electroencephalogram abnormalities between the two groups before treatment (P>0.05). The incidence rate of electroencephalogram abnormalities in the control group at 6 months after treatment was lower than that before treatment, the frequency of epileptic seizures and the incidence rate of electroencephalogram abnormalities at 12 months after treatment were lower than those before treatment, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The frequency of epileptic seizures and the incidence rate of electroencephalogram abnormalities at 6 and 12 months after treatment in the observation group were lower than those before treatment and in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion On the basis of Risperidone, the combination of Oxcarbazepine in the treatment of patients with epileptic schizophrenia can effectively reduce the incidence rate of electroencephalogram abnormalities and the frequency of epileptic seizures, increase clinical effect and improve prognosis of patients, with certain value.
[Key words] Oxcarbazepine; Risperidone; Temporal lobe epilepsy; Electroencephalogram
在我国,癫痫的患病率约为7‰,而在伴有精神障碍的癫痫患者中,癫痫性精神分裂症的发生率高达50%[1-2]。目前,尽管对于癫痫治疗的临床和基础研究均已广泛展开,但关于癫痫性精神障碍(如癫痫性精神分裂症)的临床治疗研究并不多[3]。奥卡西平作为新型抗癲痫药物,不良反应少,在临床上应用逐渐增多,无论是双相障碍还是精神分裂症,奥卡西平的治疗效果均较好。本研究选取我院收治的89例癫痫性精神分裂症患者作为研究对象,旨在探讨奥卡西平合用利培酮治疗癫痫性精神分裂症的临床效果,现报道如下。
1资料与方法
1.1一般资料
选取2014年2月~2017年3月我院收治的89例癫痫性精神分裂症患者作为研究对象,其中男52例,女37例;年龄18~59岁,平均(35.40±10.20)岁;平均癫痫性精神分裂症首次发病年龄(19.90±7.40)岁;平均癫痫病程(16.50±7.30)年。纳入标准:①所有患者均符合《中国精神障碍分类与诊断标准》第三版(CCMD-3)中颞叶癫痫所致精神分裂症的相关诊断标准[4];②近1周脑电图监测无癫痫发作,且患者无癫痫发作临床症状;③年龄18~69周岁;④近2周内无抗精神病药物(抗癫痫药物)应用史;⑤家属签署知情同意书。排除标准:①伴有严重器质性疾病;②合并有颅内肿瘤或颅内感染等疾病;③有酒精依赖史或药物依赖史;④合并其他精神类疾病;⑤妊娠或哺乳期妇女;⑥其他暴力倾向。使用随机数字表法将其分为对照组(44例)与观察组(45例)。两组患者的一般资料比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。本研究已经医院医学伦理委员会审批。
1.2方法
观察组患者口服奥卡西平(意大利Novartis Farma S.p.A公司,批准文号H20130015)合用利培酮(西安杨森制药有限公司,批准文号H20010309)治疗。奥卡西平:起始剂量0.4 g/d,根据患者病情及药物耐受性在1周内逐渐加至0.9~1.8 g/d,平均(1.21±0.31)g/d。利培酮:起始剂量1 g/d,根据患者病情及药物耐受性在2周内逐渐加至4~6 g/d,平均(4.90±0.54)g/d。
对照组患者在口服利培酮的基础上,口服奥卡西平模拟片,该模拟片外观与试验用药奥卡西平一致,且符合安慰剂的制备要求。
两组患者治疗期间均无其他抗精神类药物应用情况,否则视为脱落。治疗1个疗程(4周)。
1.3观察指标及评价标准
比较两组患者的临床治疗效果、不同时间脑电图异常发生率和癫痫发作频率。临床治疗效果评价标准[5]:若阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)评分降至>75%,则为完全控制;PANSS评分降至50%~75%,则为显效;PANSS评分降至25%~<50%,则为有效;PANSS评分下降<25%,则为无效。总有效率=(完全控制+显效+有效)例数/总例数×100%。并分别于治疗前与治疗后6、12个月对患者进行脑电图检查,记录30 min内癫痫样放电数量。
1.4统计学方法
采用SPSS 20.0统计学软件进行数据分析,计量资料用均数±标准差(x±s)表示,两组间比较采用t检验;计数资料采用率表示,组间比较采用χ2检验,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2结果
2.1两组患者治疗总有效率的比较
接受治疗后12个月,观察组患者的治疗总有效率为95.56%,显著高于对照组的68.18%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)(表1)。
2.2两组患者治疗前及治疗后6、12个月癫痫发作频率、脑电图异常发生率的比较
两组患者治疗前的癫痫发作频率及脑电图异常发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);对照组患者治疗后6个月的脑电图异常发生率低于治疗前,治疗后12个月的癫痫发作频率及脑电图异常发生率均低于治疗前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者治疗后6、12个月的癫痫发作频率及脑电图异常发生率均低于治疗前与对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)(表2)。
3讨论
癫痫性精神分裂症的临床表现与精神分裂症相似,甚至有学者研究发现,在伴有精神障碍的癫痫患者中,癫痫性精神分裂症的发生率高达50%[6-7]。根据目前已知的颞叶癫痫病理生理特征,临床上的抗癫痫药物主要通过对神经细胞膜Na+,Ca2+的通透性进行抑制,达到提高静息电位负值、提升动作电位发生阈值的目的,最终降低神经细胞兴奋性,并对异常脑电活动扩布进行阻止[8],还有部分药物则是通过对神经递质γ氨基丁酸和兴奋性神经递质谷氨酸的突触传递进行抑制,起到控制异常脑电活动的效果[9]。但大量研究证实,单纯抗癫痫药物对癫痫性精神分裂症的治疗效果甚微[10-12]。
作为第二代抗精神病药物的代表之一,利培酮治疗精神分裂症的效果已在世界范围内受到广泛认可[13]。其可以阻断中脑边缘系统的H-HT2A受体与多巴胺D2受体,发挥改善精神分裂症临床症状和认知功能的作用[14]。在本研究对照组中,患者口服利培酮和安慰剂,但治疗12个月后总有效率仍达68.18%,提示利培酮对于癫痫性精神分裂症同样具有改善阳性症状和阴性症状的效果,其与国外学者研究认为利培酮能够控制癫痫患者精神病行症状这一结果相符[1]。
作为一线抗癫痫药物卡马西平的衍生物,奥卡西平在临床抗癫痫中的应用正逐步增加[15]。研究证实,其能够避免卡马西平导致的肝功能损害、血小板减少等副作用,且患者耐受性好[8]。但关于其对癫痫性精神病影响的研究并不多。故本研究观察组患者在利培酮的基础上联合奥卡西平进行治疗,结果显示,其对癫痫性精神分裂症的治疗效果优于对照组患者,且能够有效降低患者治疗后癫痫发作频率与脑电图异常发生率,这可能与奥卡西平在肝脏被还原后产生能够抑制神经元反复放电的药理活性单羟衍化物有关。
综上所述,在利培酮的基础上,联合奥卡西平治疗癫痫性精神分裂症患者,能够有效降低脑电图异常发生率和癫痫发作频率,提升临床效果,改善患者预后,具有一定的价值。
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(收稿日期:2018-08-03 本文编辑:任秀兰)