重组表达泛素化HBcAg融合基因和Tapasin基因的慢病毒的包装及鉴定
2019-04-04戴胜兰邱彩玉姚俊等
戴胜兰 邱彩 玉姚俊等
[摘要] 目的 构建和包装稳定表达泛素化HBcAg融合基因和Tapasin基因的重组慢病毒,为慢性乙型肝炎免疫治疗的实验研究奠定基础。 方法 设计引物通过聚合酶链式反应(PCR)扩增获得目的基因Ub-HBcAg,Ub-HBcAg基因与经酶切线性化的慢病毒表达载体质粒pLenti-CMV-HA-3Flag-P2A-EGFP定向连接,其产物pLenti-CMV-Ub-HBcAg-HA-3Flag-P2A-EGFP转化大肠杆菌菌株DH5α感受态细胞,挑选阳性克隆进行PCR鉴定和直接测序序列分析。将化学合成的T2A-Tapasin基因插入至pLenti-CMV-Ub-HBcAg-HA-3Flag-P2A-EGFP,其产物pLenti-CMV-Ub-HBcAg-HA-T2A-Tapasin-3Flag-P2A-EGFP经直接基因测序分析后与包装质粒pLP1、pLP2以及包膜质粒pLP/VSVG共转染人胚肾293T细胞,得到携带有Ub-HBcAg基因和Tapasin基因的重组慢病毒颗粒LV-Ub-HBcAg/Tapasin,重组慢病毒颗粒转染293T細胞,实时荧光定量PCR检测慢病毒浓缩液的滴度,Western blot法检测目的基因的表达。 结果 成功构建和包装了表达泛素化HBcAg融合基因和Tapasin基因的重组慢病毒,实时荧光定量PCR证实重组慢病毒的滴度达3.25×108 TU/mL。 结论 成功构建稳定表达泛素化HBcAg融合基因和Tapasin基因的重组慢病毒,为慢性乙肝的免疫治疗提供了实验基础。
[关键词] 慢病毒;乙型肝炎核心抗原;泛素;分子伴侣Tapasin
[中图分类号] R512.62 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-7210(2019)02(a)-0009-05
[Abstract] Objective To construct and package a recombinant lentivirus stably expressing the ubiquitinated HBcAg fusion gene and the Tapasin gene and to lay the foundation for the experimental study of immunotherapy for chronic hepatitis B. Methods The Ub-HBcAg gene was amplified with designing primers by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The purified Ub-HBcAg fragment was cloned into the lentivirus vector pLenti-CMV-HA-3Flag-P2A-EGFP which was ligated by restriction endonuclease. The product pLenti-CMV-Ub-HBcAg-HA-3Flag-P2A-EGFP was transformed into E. coli DH5α cells. The positive clones were chosen for PCR identification and direct sequencing analysis. Then, T2A-Tapasin sequence was chemically synthesized and cloned into pLenti-CMV-Ub-HBcAg-HA-3Flag-P2A-EGFP. The product recombinant pLenti-CMV-Ub-HBcAg-HA-T2A-Tapasin-3Flag-P2A-EGFP plasmid was confirmed by direct gene sequencing. Lentiviral particles of LV-Ub-HBcAg/Tapasin were produced by triple transfection of 293T cells with pLenti-CMV-Ub-HBcAg-HA-T2A-Tapasin-3Flag-P2A-EGFP using packaging plasmids pLP1, pLP2 and envelope plasmid pLP/VSVG. The recombinant lentiviral particles were transfected into human embryonic kidney 293T cells. The titer of lentivirus was detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR and the expression of the target gene was determined by Western blot. Results Recombinant lentivirus vectors expressing ubiquitinated HBcAg fusion gene and Tapasin gene were successfully constructed and packaged. The titer was 3.25×108 TU/mL detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR. Conclusion The stable expressing of ubiquitinated HBcAg fusion gene and Tapasin gene recombinant lentivirus vectors are successfully established, providing experimental basis for immunotherapy of chronic hepatitis B.
[Key words] Lentivirus; Hepatitis B core antigen; Ubiquitin; Chaperone Tapasin
乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis B virus,HBV)感染是严重危害人类健康的全球公共卫生问题[1],细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(cytotoxic T lymphocyte,CTL)在根除慢性HBV感染中的作用已经得到证实。在免疫应答过程中HBV可作为细胞内抗原,其加工由泛素-蛋白酶体系统(ubiquitin-proteasome system,UPS)介导[2]。抗原蛋白经泛素修饰通过UPS降解至最适长度表位肽,抗原肽加载到MHCⅠ类分子上需要特异性分子伴侶-TAP结合蛋白(Tapasin)的协助。机体对乙型肝炎核心抗原(hepatitis B core antigen,HBcAg)的免疫应答在根除HBV方面起着重要作用[3],因此,本研究目的是构建和包装携带泛素化HBcAg基因和Tapasin基因的慢病毒,为进一步探索泛素化HBcAg和Tapasin刺激机体产生HBV特异性CTL反应的作用奠定实验基础。
1 材料与方法
1.1 材料与试剂
慢病毒表达载体质粒pLenti-CMV-HA-3Flag-P2A-EGFP,包装质粒pLP1、pLP2及包膜质粒pLP/VSVG由和元生物技术(上海)有限公司提供;人胚肾细胞株293T来自中国科学院上海生科院细胞资源中心;Taq DNA聚合酶、大肠杆菌菌株DH5α、无内毒素质粒小提试剂盒(货号:DP103)和凝胶回收试剂盒(货号:DP209)均购自天根公司;质粒pcDNA3.1(-)-Ub-HBcAg(携带完整Ub-HBcAg基因)由本实验室构建和保存[4]。
T4 DNA连接酶由Fermentas公司提供;PrimerStar DNA聚合酶购自Takara公司;限制性内切酶XhoI、EcoRI及BamHI来源于New England Biolabs公司;Lipofectamine 2000轉染试剂盒(货号:11668019)购自Invitrogen;鼠抗人HBcAg单克隆抗体购自Abcam;兔抗小鼠Tapasin抗体购自Santa Cruz;山羊抗小鼠及山羊抗兔IgG-HRP等Western blot相关试剂均为碧云天公司产品。
1.2 方法
1.2.1 引物设计 根据质粒pcDNA3.1(-)-Ub-HBcAg,由上海生物工程技术有限公司合成其Ub-HBcAg基因序列的引物,上游引物序列P1:5′-TACCGGACTC-AGATCTCGAGGCCACCATGCAGATCTTCGTGAAGA-CCC-3′,下游引物序列P2:5′-GGGTACATGGTGGCGAATTCACATTGAGATTCCCGAGATTG-3′,两段引物中分别含XhoI及EcoRI酶切位点(下划线部分为酶切位点)。
1.2.2 Ub-HBcAg基因片段的扩增 以质粒pcDNA3.1(-)-Ub-HBcAg中携带的Ub-HBcAg序列为模板,用以上合成的引物应用PrimerSTAR酶通过PCR成功扩增,使用琼脂糖凝胶电泳及凝胶回收试剂盒分离、回收和纯化所得PCR产物。
1.2.3 携带Ub-HBcAg基因的pLenti-CMV-Ub-HBcAg-HA-3Flag-P2A-EGFP表达载体质粒的构建 用XhoI和EcoRI限制性内切酶双酶切上述PCR产物及pLenti-CMV-HA-3Flag-P2A-EGFP,将酶切后的目的基因片段、线性化载体和T4 DNA连接酶加入离心管中进行连接反应。将10 μL连接产物转化到DH5α感受态菌株中,将转化后菌液涂布在含有氨苄青霉素的LB琼脂平板上,进行抗性筛选培养,挑选阳性单克隆进行菌落PCR验证,并进行双向测序分析(由上海生物工程技术有限公司完成)。
1.2.4 携带Ub-HBcAg基因和Tapasin基因的pLenti-CMV-Ub-HBcAg-HA-T2A-Tapasin-3Flag-P2A-EGFP表达载体质粒的构建 根据GenBank网站搜索的小鼠Tapasin基因序列,化学合成T2A-Tapasin基因片段,以BamHI内切酶酶切Lenti-CMV-Ub-HBcAg-HA-3Flag-P2A-EGFP表达载体质粒,将T2A-Tapasin基因插入至载体,得到目的载体质粒并进行基因测序(由上海生物工程技术有限公司完成)。
1.2.5 重组慢病毒LV-Ub-HBcAg/Tapasin的包装 根据Lipofectamine 2000说明书,将构建的表达载体质粒与包装质粒及包膜质粒共转染293T细胞,获得携带目的基因Ub-HBcAg、Tapasin的重组慢病毒。转染16 h后,更换为完全培养基,收集48、72 h细胞上清液并离心,0.45 μm细胞滤过膜过滤后,通过低温超速离心浓缩病毒并命名为LV-Ub-HBcAg/Tapasin,保存于-80℃备用。
1.2.6 慢病毒滴度测定 将293T细胞接种至24孔板中,加入不同浓度慢病毒稀释液(0.1、1、10 μL),20 h后换液,收集72 h细胞,通过Real-time PCR法测定滴度。通过定量病毒序列WPRE和内参基因BAC,使用2-ΔΔCt相对定量法计算病毒基因组数目和细胞基因组数目的比例。病毒滴度根据以下公式计算:病毒滴度=每基因组整合的病毒平均拷贝数×感染时细胞数目×病毒载体的稀释倍数×1000/加入的稀释病毒的体积数(μL)。
1.2.7 重组慢病毒LV-Ub-HBcAg/Tapasin在293T细胞中的表达 将293T细胞接种到24孔板(5×104个/孔),按感染复数(multiplicity of infection,MOI)20加入重组慢病毒LV-Ub-HBcAg/Tapasin,24 h后换液。72 h后收集细胞通过Western blot检测目的蛋白。
2 結果
2.1 Ub-HBcAg目的基因的PCR扩增结果
2.2 重组克隆的菌落PCR鉴定结果
2.3 重组表达载体质粒pLenti-CMV-Ub-HBcAg-HA-T2A-Tapasin-3Flag-P2A-EGFP的基因测序
将化学合成的T2A-Tapasin基因插入至构建好的载体,得到目的载体质粒pLenti-CMV-Ub-HBcAg-HA-T2A-Tapasin-3Flag-P2A-EGFP,基因测序,插入目的基因Ub-HBcAg和Tapasin的序列正确,表明成功构建了重组表达载体质粒。
2.4 重组慢病毒LV-Ub-HBcAg/Tapasin的滴度测定
LV-Ub-HBcAg/Tapasin感染293T细胞并收取细胞用于DNA提取及定量PCR,基于2-ΔΔCt法计算出病毒基因组数量和细胞基因组数量的比例。根据公式计算得到重组慢病毒的滴度为3.35×108 TU/mL。
2.5 重组慢病毒LV-Ub-HBcAg/Tapasin转染293T细胞后的目的基因的表达检测
。
3 讨论
我国乙肝的发病率很高,约9300万人为慢性HBV感染者[5]。HBV是一种非细胞病变性病毒,宿主免疫应答在肝损害和病毒控制中起着关键作用[6]。慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)患者的宿主免疫力下降,不能对入侵的HBV及其相关抗原形成有效的免疫应答而清除病毒[7]。HBV特异性CTL可通过细胞溶解和非细胞溶解机制直接清除HBV感染的细胞[8],对于清除HBV至关重要,因此,如何有效诱导HBV特异性CTL已成为CHB治疗的关键。
治疗性疫苗代表了一种免疫治疗策略,治疗性疫苗必须克服免疫耐受并且能够诱导HBV特异性CTL应答[9]。研究发现,以HBcAg为基础的治疗性疫苗免疫HBV转基因小鼠后,可以诱导HBcAg及HBsAg特异性CTL反应[10]。此外,HBcAg作为治疗性疫苗的作用也在HBV感染的鸭和土拨鼠模型中得到证实[11-12]。抗原蛋白与泛素结合后可通过UPS快速降解为抗原肽,进入MHCⅠ类抗原提呈途径而诱导特异性CTL免疫反应[13]。分子伴侣Tapasin的C端128个残基可与TAP相互作用,结合抗原肽将其转运至内质网,并将MHCⅠ类分子募集到TAP附近[14-15],确保多肽与MHCⅠ类分子的有效折叠和装配,形成特殊的空间构象,作为特异信号被CD8+ T淋巴细胞受体所识别,产生特异性CTL免疫应答[16]。近年来,研究发现CHB患者外周血单核细胞的Tapasin表达降低[17]。Chen等[18]研究发现以Tapasin修饰经胞内转运的CTL表位肽HBcAg18-27诱导特异性CTL可抑制HBV复制。这些研究均提示Tapasin可参与抗原肽提呈,在病毒清除中起着重要作用。
我们前期研究中以第三代慢病毒载体(lentiviral vector,LV)负载泛素化HBcAg(LV-Ub-HBcAg)免疫HBV转基因小鼠后,可有效增加体内特异性CTL的数量及增强特异性CTL杀伤活性,显著降低血清HBsAg及HBV DNA水平,抑制肝脏中HBsAg、HBcAg的表达[19-20]。本研究在前期研究的基础上,构建和包装共表达泛素化HBcAg与Tapasin基因的重组慢病毒。研究结果显示携带目的基因Ub-HBcAg及Tapasin的重组慢病毒(LV-Ub-HBcAg/Tapasin)构建及包装成功,转染293T细胞,Western blot检测结果显示转染后的293T细胞可稳定表达目的蛋白HBcAg与Tapasin,提示LV-Ub-HBcAg/Tapasin在转染细胞中表达高效稳定。下一步研究中,我们将以LV-Ub-HBcAg/Tapasin免疫小鼠,旨在使HBcAg胞内化,迅速被UPS降解为最适于提呈的表位肽,在Tapasin协同作用下,形成MHCⅠ/多肽复合物进入MHCⅠ类分子抗原提呈途径,刺激机体产生HBV特异性CTL反应。
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(收稿日期:2018-08-14 本文編辑:罗乔荔)