网球递增变向击球测试（H&TTT）推算公式评价大学业余男子网球运动员最大摄氧量效度的研究

李 博，钟建荣，王欣欣，李啸天，金 璐，曹玉超，缪 律，黎涌明



网球递增变向击球测试（H&TTT）推算公式评价大学业余男子网球运动员最大摄氧量效度的研究

李 博，钟建荣，王欣欣，李啸天，金 璐，曹玉超，缪 律，黎涌明

上海体育学院 体育教育训练学院, 上海 200438

网球递增变向击球测试；最大摄氧量；峰值摄氧量；效度

1 前言

网球是典型的间歇性运动，高强度运动与间歇性休息是网球比赛的基本特征[2]。网球比赛中平均每得一分球所需的时间为4～10 s[9,12,15,24]，比赛中运动与休息的时间比值为1:1～1:4[9,12,18,22]，比赛中运动员约85%的时间处于0～7 km/h的低速运动区间（走）[12]。良好的有氧能力一方面有助于运动员承受长达1～5 h的比赛，另一方面有助于运动员在回合间实现快速恢复[19,21]。

2 研究对象与方法

2.1 研究对象

16名某体育学院体育教育专业大学三年级网球专选班学生（年龄22.2±1.7岁，身高175±5 cm，体重69.2±6.1 kg，训练年限4.3±2.4年，网球专项训练年限2.3±0.8年）自愿参加本测试并签署知情同意书。所有受试者测试前均熟知测试流程、要求和可能存在的危险，在测试前一天未参加剧烈的身体活动，测试当天保持正常饮食习惯，测试前2 h内未进食。

2.2 研究方法

图1 网球递增变向击球测试场地安排与受试者步伐要求示意图[14]

Figure1. Running and Hitting Court Position during the H&TTT

图2 网球递增变向击球测试时间安排与击球办法示意图[14]

Figure2. Timing and Hitting Approach during the H&TTT

2.3 统计分析

3 研究结果

表1 网球递增变向击球测试完成等级数和生理学结果

4 分析与讨论

表2 不同平滑和取值方式的O2peak-实测差异性及其与O2max-推算的相关性

本研究得到的最大心率和峰值血乳酸分别为194±7次/min和10.09±3.32 mmol/L，结束时的主观疲劳度为16.4±2.4（非常吃力），最大心率与文献报道一致，峰值血乳酸略高于文献报道。Ferrauti等的研究中成年男子网球运动员H&TTT中的平均最大心率为198±7次/min，峰值血乳酸为8.4±1.3 mmol/L[14]。Urso等的研究中高水平网球运动员H&TTT的最大心率为198.9±8.6次/min，峰值血乳酸为7.74±2.43 mmol/L，业余网球运动员最大心率为194.9±7.1次/min，峰值血乳酸为7.12±1.68 mmol/L，不同运动水平H&TTT的最大心率与峰值血乳酸之间不存在显著差异[27]。

5 结论与展望

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Validity of Hit & Turn Tennis Test (H&TTT) Formula in Evaluating Maximum Oxygen Uptake in Collegiate Amateur Male Tennis Players

LI Bo, ZHONG Jian-rong,WANG Xin-xin, LI Xiao-tian, JIN Lu, CAO Yu-chao, MIAO Lv, LI Yong-ming

Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China

G804.2

A

2017-11-07；

2018-10-29

国家自然科学基金项目(31500963);上海市科委科研计划项目(18080503400)。

李博,男,在读博士研究生,主要研究方向为网球的运动生物学特征,E-mail:412001625@qq.com。

1000-677X(2018)12-0062-06

10.16469/j.css.201812007