50例重度妊娠期肝内胆汁瘀积症药物治疗疗效及围产儿结局分析
2018-11-21黄新梅
黄新梅
摘 要 目的:探讨重度妊娠期肝内胆汁瘀积症(intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, ICP)的积极药物治疗及治疗后的妊娠结局分析。方法:回顾性分析50例ICP的药物治疗过程,其中18例孕妇口服熊去氧胆酸片联合静滴S-腺苷蛋氨酸治疗(治疗组),32例孕妇静脉滴注S-腺苷蛋氨酸治疗(对照组),比较两组孕妇生化指标的下降情况,分析两组围产儿的不良结局发生率。结果:治疗后,两组孕妇生化指标总胆汁酸(total bile acid, TBA)、谷丙转氨酶(alanine aminotransferase, ALT)、谷草转氨酶(aspartate aminotransferase, AST)较未治疗前均有所下降,治疗组下降幅度更大(P<0.05);两组围产儿的结局比较(胎儿宫内窘迫、羊水粪染、新生儿窒息及早产儿的发生率),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:ICP口服熊去氧胆酸片联合静滴S-腺苷蛋氨酸治疗对改善围产儿不良结局疗效确切,值得临床借鉴。
关键词 重度妊娠期肝内胆汁瘀积症 熊去氧胆酸片 S-腺苷蛋氨酸 围产儿结局
中图分类号:R714.255 文献标志码:B 文章编号:1006-1533(2018)21-0022-02
Effect of medicine treatment on 50 cases of severe intrahepatic cholestasis and the outcome of perinatal infants
HUANG Xinmei*(Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Peoples Hospital of Jiujiang Lianxi District, Jiangxi Jiujiang 332005, China)
ABSTRACT Objective: To explore the effects of active medicine treatment on intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy(ICP) and the analysis of pregnancy outcome after treatment. Methods: The treatment process with 50 cases of ICP was retrospectively analyzed, including 18 cases treated with oral ursodeoxycholic acid tablets combined with intravenous drip of S-adenosylmethionine (a treatment group) and 32 cases with intravenous drip of S-adenosylmethionine (a control group). The decline of their biochemical indicators and the incidence of adverse perinatal outcomes were compared between the two groups. Results: The levels of total bile acid (TBA), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) of pregnant women in both groups were lower after treatment than before and the decrease was greater in the treatment group (P<0.05). There were statistically significant differences in the outcomes of perinatal infants (the incidence of internal distress, amniotic fluid fecal staining, neonatal asphyxia and premature infants) between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusion: The combination of oral administration of ursodeoxycholic acid tablets with intravenous S-adenosylmethionine for the treatment of severe intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy has exact efficacy and is worthy of clinical reference.
KEy WORDS intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy; ursodeoxycholic acid tablets; S-adenosylmethionine; perinatal infant outcome
妊娠期肝內胆汁淤积症(intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, ICP)是一种重要的妊娠期并发症,主要导致围产儿死亡率增加[1]。ICP临床表现为妊娠中晚期出现瘙痒,或瘙痒与黄疸同时共存,分娩后迅速消失。临床显示ICP对母亲无太大危害,其最大危害是围生儿结局不良,可导致早产、胎儿宫内窘迫、胎死宫内、胎儿宫内生长受限等。从而妊娠期肝内胆汁瘀积症的治疗至关重要。本文回顾性分析50例重度妊娠期肝内胆汁瘀积症的药物治疗过程,探讨重度ICP的积极药物治疗及治疗后的妊娠结局分析。
1 资料及方法
1.1 一般资料
回顾性分析2005年1月—2016年7月期间住院并诊断重度ICP的孕产妇50例,年龄17~40岁,孕周24周~37+6周,初产妇23例,经产妇27例。疾病诊断标准:妊娠期出现瘙痒或者不同程度的黄疸,血清总胆汁酸≥40 μmol/L,孕前肝功能正常,排除其他肝病患者,妊娠期肝功能异常,且妊娠终止后瘙痒消失,肝功能恢复正常。根据治疗方法分为治疗组18例,对照组32例。
1.2 治疗方法
所有患者均给予积极的药物治疗,其中治疗组口服熊去氧胆酸片,300 mg/次,3次/d,联合静滴S-腺苷蛋氨酸,1次/d,1 000 mg/次;对照组静脉滴注S-腺苷蛋氨酸,1次/d,1 000 mg/次;治疗3周。治疗过程中每周做1~2次胎监,严格进行胎动计数,并及时复查彩超及生物物理评分,密切观察胎儿宫内安危。分析两组孕产妇的妊娠结局,比较两组围产儿的结局:胎儿宫内窘迫、羊水粪染、新生儿窒息及早产儿的发生几率。
1.3 疗效评价
比较两组孕妇生化指标总胆汁酸(total bile acid, TBA)、谷丙转氨酶(alanine aminotransferase, ALT)、谷草转氨酶(aspartate aminotransferase, AST)下降情况,分析两组的围产儿结局。
1.4 统计学方法
2 结果
2.1 治疗前后生化指标的下降情况
两组孕妇TBA、ALT、AST较未治疗前均显著下降,且治疗组下降幅度显著大于对照组(P<0.05,表1)。
2.2 围产儿的结局对比
通过比较治疗组及对照组的围产儿的情况,发现治疗组的胎儿宫内窘迫、羊水粪染、新生儿窒息及早产儿的发生率均显著低于对照组(P<0.05,表2)。
3 讨论
熊去氧胆酸是治疗ICP最有效的药物,其原理是改变胆汁酸池的成分,替代肝细胞膜上对细胞毒性大的有疏水性的内源性胆汁酸,并抑制肠道对疏水性的胆酸的重吸收,降低血胆酸水平,改善胎儿环境。因此降低血清总胆汁酸水平对延长孕周及评估胎儿宫内安危有显著意义[2-3]。S-腺苷蛋氨酸的作用原理是可通过甲基化对雌激素的代谢起灭活作用,它刺激膜的磷脂合成,通过使肝浆膜磷脂成分的增加防止雌激素所引起的胆汁淤积。临床上经此两种药物治疗后均能明显减轻临床瘙痒症状、改善生化指标,同时有效延长孕周,降低早产儿的发生。对于重度ICP孕妇联合两种药物用药能改善孕妇瘙痒症状及生化指标[4-5]。
本研究中分析对比两组围产儿的结局,发现治疗组的口服熊去氧胆酸片联合静滴S-腺苷蛋氨酸治疗后围产儿胎儿宫内窘迫、羊水粪染、新生儿窒息及早产儿的发生几率均低于对照组的静滴S-腺苷蛋氨酸治疗的围产儿结局的发生几率。
综上所述,重度妊娠期肝內胆汁瘀积症口服熊去氧胆酸片联合静滴S-腺苷蛋氨酸治疗对改善围产儿不良结局疗效确切,值得临床借鉴。
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