高一零碎知识点大集合

何一希

词汇巧辨

scene与sight， scenery，view尽管有着相近的意思，但在具体使用中却存在差异。

scene指具有一定特征的各种可见的景色，也常指事件或故事发生的地点，含有“场景、场面”的意思。例如：Policemen were soon on the scene after the murder.谋杀案发生后警察很快到了现场。

sight通常表示“景象、视力、视野”，侧重指旅游观光的风光，包括城市景色或自然风光景色，也指人造景物或奇特的景色。例如：After two hours' drive，we finally could see the sights of Nanjing.经过两小时的车程，我们终于看到南京城的景象了。

scenery“风景、景色”，指一个国家或某一地区的整体自然风景。例如：The island offers such a wide variety of scenery and wildlife.这座岛拥有如此多的自然风光和野生动物。

view是普通名词，多指从远处或高处所见的景色。还有“观点、看法”之意。例如：From the top of the mountain，you can get a good view of the city.从山顶上看下去，你能看到城市的好风光。

词汇点滴

我们先来看一个例句：Most young women want slim figure these days，especially here in Canada.句中figure的意思是什么？你猜到了吗？意思是：体型、身材。figure -词的意思比较多，同学们一定要多加注意。除了例句中出现的意思，figure作为名词时还有“人物：画像：雕像：数字”等意思。例如：

One of the most colorful figures in boxing history was Daniel Mendoza.拳击史上最引人瞩目的人物是丹尼尔·门多萨。

He caught sight of a figure whom he immediately recognized as Bill Wilkins.他看见一个人影，并马上认出那是比尔·威尔金斯。

This figure has long been held to possess miraculous power.这个数字一直被认为拥有不可思议的力量。

The figure was made of copper supported by a metal framework.这个雕像是用铜制成的，由一个金属框架支撑着。

【拓展】figure用作动词时的用法搭配和意思有：

figure v.认为

figure that...认为……

figure sb./ sth.out弄明白：弄懂：弄清楚

例如：I figured that you wouldn't like the movie.我认为你不会喜欢这部电影。

We couldn't figure him out.我们摸不透他。

I can't figure out why he quit the present job.我捉摸不透他為什么要辞掉现在的这份工作。

活用一：写出下列句子中figure的确切意思：

1. The present situation is a little bit complex， so I think it will take me some time to figure out its reality.

2. People are informed of the figure of deaths annually from road accidents.

3. He has an athletic figure as he works out in the gym every day.

语法点滴

Upon finishing his studies，he started traveling in China.比赛一结束，他便开始游历中国。

句中upon/ on+n./doing表示“一……就”，相当于as soon as的时间状语从句。

高中英语中有许多表示“一……就……”的短语和结构。高考也常以此作为考点。意思相近的短语还有：as soon as+从句：

the moment/ minute/ second/ instant+从句；

immediately/ instantly/ directly+从句；

no sooner... than...，hardly... when...等。

活用二：用确切的链接词填空：

1.______had l left my house than it began to rain.我刚要离开家就下雨了。

2.The teacher rushed into the classroom ______ _________ she heard the noise.老师一听见响声就冲进教室。

3._______ getting into the room， he heard the telephone ringing. -进入房间，他就听到电话铃声。

4._____ _____ _____

he got to Nanjing， he went to visit his teacher.他一到南京就去看望他的老师。

错题整理

Many young people， most____were well-educated， headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.

A. of which

B.of them

C.of whom

D.of those

【解析】本题考查定语从句，是2016年的高考题，也是一道容易让学生出错的选择题。本题定语从句先行词是many young people，关系代词whom指代先行词，在定语从句中作为介词of的宾语。句意：很多年轻人都前往偏远地区追求他们的梦想，其中大部分人都是受过良好教育。故C为正确答案。错选A是因为学生没有搞清楚先行词是人时必须用whom，而先行词是物时才能用which。错选B或D是学生没有掌握句法概念。

试题知识点拓展：

of whom/which引导的定语从句：在非限制性定语从句中，先行词作为一个整体，表示整体中的一部分，即表示“部分与整体”的关系时，用…of which/whom或者of which/whom...都可以。但与表示所属关系不同，这里不能用whose来代替of which。

一、表示整体中的部分

The buses，most of which were already full，were surrounded by an angry crowd.公共汽车大多数都已经挤满了人，它们被愤怒的人群包围着。

I picked up the apples，some of which were badly bruised.我捡起那些苹果，其中有一些碰擦得很厉害。

I bought a dozen eggs，six of which broke when I dropped the box.我买了一打鸡蛋，其中六个在我失手掉了盒子时摔碎了。

There are two bottles left， one of which is almost finished and the other of which is not quite.只剩兩瓶，一瓶快喝完了，另一瓶没完全喝完。

The treasure， some of which has been recovered， has been sent to the British Museum.这些宝藏已被送往大英博物馆，其中有一些是修复过的。

二、表示所属关系

（1） He's written a book，the name of which l've forgotten.他写了一本书，书名我忘了。

句中的the name of which=whose name。

（2） It was an agreement the details of which could not be altered.这是一项其细节不可更改的协定。

句中的the details of which=whose details。

活用一答案：1.弄清楚2.数字3.身材

活用二答案：1.No sooner 2.the moment/minute/second/instant 3.Upon 4.As soon as