浙江竹类新植物
2018-10-25岳晋军张文燕袁金玲
岳晋军, 张文燕, 袁金玲
(中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所,浙江 杭州 311400)
黄条大木竹 新变型
Bambusawenchouensis(Wen) Q. H. Dai f.striataJ. J. Yue et J. L. Yuan, f. nov.
A typo differs fromBambusawenchouensisin its basal internodes with yellow longitudinally stripes.
China, Zhejiang(浙江): Wenzhou(温州), Gonghou Village (贡后村), 2017-09-15, low altitude, J. J. Yue,J. L. Yuan, 170915 [holotype, RISF, CAF (中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所标本室)].
不同于大木竹在于其秆基部的节间在具芽或具分枝的一侧具黄色纵条纹。
本变型秆色特异,可供观赏。
毛玉山竹
Yushaniabasihirsuta(McClure) Z. P. Wang et G. H. Ye in J. Nanjing Univ., Nat. Sci. Ed. (1): 92-93. 1981. ——IndocalamusbasihirsutusMcClure in Sunyatsenia 6: 35, 1941.——Sinarundinariabasihirsuta(McClure) C. D. Chu et C. S. Chao in Acta Phytotax. Sin., 18(1):22, 1980 ——YushanialongipilosaT. H. Wen et S. C. Chen in J.Bamboo Res., 4(2):13-15, 1985
产于湖南和广东,模式标本采自广东[1-3]。
浙江:遂昌九龙山,生于海拔1 500 m的疏林下或空旷地。浙江分布新记录。
标本:浙江(Zhejiang),遂昌(Suichang),九龙山(Jiulongshan),2017-05-11,Alt. 1 500 m, 岳晋军,袁金玲,170511(RISF, CAF)。图1A。
少花茶竿竹
Pseudosasapallidiflora(McClure) S. L. Chen et G. Y. Sheng in Bull. Bot. Res., 11(4): 44, 1991. ——IndocalamuspallidiflorusMcClure in Lingn. Univ. Sci. Bull., 9: 26-27, 1940.
分布于广东,模式标本采自广东南昆山[4-5]。
浙江:庆元百山祖,生于山脚及沟谷空旷地或疏林下。浙江分布新记录。
标本:浙江(Zhejiang),庆元(Qingyuan),百山祖(Baishanzu),2016-05-16,Alt. 700 m,张文燕,岳晋军,160516(RISF, CAF)。图1B。
都昌箬竹
IndocalamuscordatusT. H. Wen et Y. Zou in J.Bamboo Res., 10(1): 19-20, 1991.
产于江西都昌,模式标本采自江西都昌[6]。
浙江:富阳湖源,生于山脚沟溪边或疏林下。浙江分布新记录。
标本:浙江(Zhejiang),富阳(Fuyang),湖源(Huyuan),low altitude, 2016-06-21,张文燕、马乃训,160621(RISF, CAF)。图1C。
中华业平竹
SemiarundinariasinicaT. H. Wen in J.Bamboo Res., 8(1): 13-15, 1989.
产于江苏,模式标本采自杭州[7]。
浙江:富阳沈家坞,生于山坡下空旷地。浙江分布新记录。
标本:浙江(Zhejiang),富阳(Fuyang),沈家坞(Shenjiawu),low altitude, 2017-05-25,张文燕、马乃训,170525(RISF, CAF)。图1D。
福建酸竹
Acidosasalongiligulata(T. H. Wen) C. S. Chao et C. D. Chu in Acta Phytotax. Sin., 29(6):524, 1991. ——IndosasalongiligulaT. H. Wen in Journ. Bamb. Res, 2(1): 68, 1983. ——AcidosasafujianensisC. S. Chao et H.Y. Zhou in J. Nanjing For. Univ., Nat. Sci. Ed., (3): 88, 1984.
产于福建安溪、南平等地,模式标本采自福建安溪感德[8-10]。
浙江:景宁北溪乡,生于山坡中、下部低灌丛或疏林下。浙江分布新记录。
标本:浙江(Zhejiang),景宁(Jingning),北溪(Beixi),low altitude, 2016-04-27,岳晋军、张文燕,160427(RISF, CAF)。图1E。
A: 毛玉山竹 Yushania basihirsuta; B: 少花茶竿竹Pseudosasa pallidiflora; C: 都昌箬竹Indocalamus cordatus; D: 中华业平竹 Semiarundinaria sinica; E: 福建酸竹Acidosasa longiligulata; F: 烂头苦竹Pleioblastus ovatoauritus.图1 浙江省竹类新植物Fig.1 New records of bambusoideae (Poaceae) in Zhejiang Province
烂头苦竹 新种
PleioblastusovatoauritusWen ex W. Y. Zhang, sp. nov.
Culms 6-7 m, 1-3 cm in diameters, internodes 30-45 cm, nodal ridge raised, more prominent than sheath scar, sheath scar narrowly corky, culm intranodes 4-6 mm. Young culms dark green, initially densely with waxy powder and light deciduous hairs, becoming glabrous, white powdery ring evident below nodes, old culms yellow-green to brown-red.
Culm sheaths green-yellow turning to yellow-brown, leathery, brittle, rigid; apex long-triangular, margins ciliate, abaxially small brown spotted, middle and base part oily-glossy, base without hairy ring. Auricles semilunar, slanted upward from both sides of sheath, oral setae light-coloured, radiate, ca. 1 cm (shorter in base culms). Ligule white, asymmetrically truncate or middle convex, 2-3 mm or 4-5 mm. Sheath blades green-purple, narrowly lanceolate to belt-shaped, abaxially and adaxially ciliate, base ca. 1/2 width of sheath apex, reflexed. Branches (1) 5 to 7 per node, base appressed to culm, distally spreading outward,subequal. Leaves 2-4 per ultimate branch, sheath with finely longitudinal ribs; auricles inconspicuous or small, oral setae several or absent; ligule truncate, ca. 2 mm, white powdery; Leaf blades oblong-lanceolate, (20-25)cm×2.5-3.2 cm, abaxially hairy, densely so near the midrib, secondary veins 5- to 7-paired.
This species is similar toPleioblastusmaculatusin shoot shape, especially in culm sheath colour, but differs in its not setose ring in the base of culm sheath.
It is the relatively large-sized species in the genus, young shoots are bitter and edible after treated, and the shoots can be eat freshly or after processed into cans or dried shoots. The large-sized and tough culms are used for paper when young, and for tool handles and shack poles when old.
Known from Fuyang District (富阳区), Hangzhou City (杭州); and Anji County (安吉) in Zhejiang, China. The type specimen was collected from Fuyang, 2016-5-21, W. Y. Zhang, N. X. Ma, 160043 (holotypus, RISF, CAF; isotypi, Anji Bamb Gard).
秆高6~7 m,直径1~3 cm,节间长30~45 cm,秆环隆起,高于箨环,箨环具狭木栓质,节內宽4~6 mm。新秆暗绿色,密被蜡质白粉和脱落性淡色毛,后变无毛,节下白粉环明显;老秆黄绿色至褐红色。
箨鞘绿黄色转黄褐色,革质,硬脆;先端长三角形,边缘具纤毛,背部具细褐色斑点,中下部有油光泽,基部无毛环。箨耳半月状,在鞘二侧斜上举,繸毛淡色,放射状,长约1 cm(基部的弱)。箨舌白色斜截平或中部隆起,高约2~3 mm或4~5 mm。箨叶绿紫色,狭披针形至带形,2面具毛,基部宽约为鞘顶宽的1/2左右,反转。分枝每节(1)5~7枚,基部贴秆,上部开展,大小相若。末节小枝具2~4叶,叶鞘具细纵肋纹,叶耳不明显或小,繸毛少数或无;叶舌高约2 mm,先端平截,具白粉;叶片长圆状披针形,长20~25 cm,宽2.5~3.2 cm,下表面具毛,尤以中脉处明显;侧脉5~7对。图1F。
本种形态,尤其是箨鞘颜色与斑苦竹(Pl.maculatus)十分相像,但本种箨鞘基部无毛环圈明显有别。
烂头苦竹是大明竹属中个儿较大的竹种,笋味苦,需经处理苦味后方可食用。可鲜食,也可加工罐头,或加工笋干。其秆较粗,质坚,嫩竹可制桨造纸,老竹可作柄秆、搭棚架等用。