加尔西穆尼奥斯城堡及多媒体图书馆改造，昆卡，西班牙

建筑设计：伊萨思库恩·坎奇利亚事务所

1 外景/Exterior view

位于西班牙昆卡的加尔西穆尼奥斯城堡改造项目，对可追溯到阿拉伯、中世纪和新古典主义时期10～18世纪）的历史遗迹进行了加固。新加建的多媒体图书馆是创新与活用的体现。大多数研究及创新工作，都侧重在能源、区域内的文化活动、社会参与及经济等方面实现建筑的可持续维护。

不同功能的融合、不同时期的施工、局部的损毁、对于旧有不可见地层的挖掘和糟糕的自然资源保护状态，使得游客很难领略到真正的遗址。新构筑物颜色明快，很容易与既有建筑相互区分。与其说它是一座构筑物，不如说是一组人行天桥、平台、楼梯和栏杆的集合更为合适。我们尝试按照不同要素将各个历史时期进行区分，并将不适宜一同展现的建筑景观进行遮挡隔离。

加尔西穆尼奥斯城堡有多种用途。由于法律明令要求要“永久”保护文化遗产，我们为未来依然存在的建筑遗址假设了很多种不同的使用形式，因此，新构筑物更像是一种临时性的植入。所有技术细节都经过精心设计，使构筑物可以折叠拆卸。新构筑物与遗址迥然不同，但又是充分尊重对未来的保护且利用合理的。

资源整合和骤减的游客量是影响所有决策的动因。因此，设计介入的能源损耗被控制在最低范围。多媒体图书馆利用了大量室外区域，因此天气晴朗时，便有广阔的空间可供公众参观。

几个世纪以来，每到夏季，地中海地区的所有居民都十分享受户外，特别是夜晚的生活。该项目试图保持甚至恢复这些传统。新引入的户外电影院，主要在夏季的夜晚播放电影，保留了文化交融的传统，并在刚入夜时提供了社会活动。居民相互交谈、讲故事、分享旅行见闻等等这些晚间时段的典型活动，相当于是对观影的预热，也是地中海文化输出的重要标志。

2 扶手栏杆示意图/Parapet diagram

3.4 外景/Exterior views

The Refurbishment of the Garcimuñoz Castle(Cuenca, Spain) is a project that consolidates a complex existing group of ruins dating back to Arab, Medieval and Neoclassicism times (centuries 10th to 18th). It also incorporates new architecture with an innovative use consisting on a Media Library. Most research and innovation efforts focus on achieving a sustainable maintenance of the building in terms of energy, cultural activity within the region, social engagement and finance.

The combination of different uses, different periods of construction, partial demolishment,digging up of old non visible stratus and a poor state of conservation makes it quite hard for visitors to interpret the actual ruins. The new architecture is light, seeking to distinguish itself from the pre-existing edifice without much as an ensemble of footbridges, platforms, stairs and rails. The location of its elements tries to separate different periods of history and to isolate the vision of the architectures that were never thought to be seen together.

As we have already mentioned, the Castle has had many different uses. Due to our laws enforced to the preservation of heritage "forever", we could presume different future uses for buildings are still to come. The new architecture is, for this reason, understood as a temporary occupation.All technical details have been designed so that the building is fully collapsible. This fact is one of the clues to consider the new architecture fully different from the old one but respectful and sensible with its future conservation and use.

The combination of few resources and the fluctuating flow of users have actively conditioned all decisions. For that reason, the energy consuming area of the intervention has been minimised. The Media Library programme has been organised with plenty of outdoor areas so that when weather is mild and public visits are the greatest extensive spaces are available.

5 鸟瞰剖面/Look down from above, section

6 剖面/Section

During centuries in all the summer months,all of the inhabitants of Mediterranean regions have enjoyed the outdoor life, particularly after dark, the project tries to maintain and even recover these traditions. The introduction of the outdoor cinema, to be used mainly in summer nights, also intends to preserve a culture of meeting and to provide with public activities for the first hours of nighttime. Typical activities of these hours have been conversation, storytelling,trips narration that can be considered the precedent of cinema and important landmarks of Mediterranean cultural production.

At the moment there is no Castle both in Spain and in Europe that has been refurbished with introduced digital technologies as an important part of programme. The opinion of the Spanish Minister of Public Work is that this project offers a test on how innovative uses of digital technologies can give new opportunities to isolated Castles. We hope that the uniqueness of the programme, of the geometries, of the new architecture is the seed for a bigger strategy on how to keep the heritage of the past in a sustainable way, while creating a heritage for the future connecting the past and present times.

The major element of the new intervention,the platform covering the Moorish citadel and enabling the use of the old Weapon courtyard has been fully designed taking bioclimatism into consideration. The platform is composed by two layers, being the upper one made out of steel grid and the lower one of glass. The glass cover produces an increase of the temperature during the winter. This spontaneous increment of the temperature is crucial to avoid damage in the archaeology caused by minus zero temperatures.During the summer forty-five solar chimneys will ensure abundant ventilation. The solar chimneys are glass volumes of 3.45m by height placed over the cover. They are not only solar chimneys but display cabinets to exhibit objects on the upper level. The top piece of the chimneys is a small skylight that can be opened. During summer, the sun heats the air in the chimney and makes it flow up to elevate the air from the lower level.□

7.8 太阳能风筒及彩色路灯/Solar chimneys and colourful lights

目前，无论是西班牙还是欧洲，在城堡改造翻新时引入数字技术，并将其作为项目的重要组成部分，加尔西穆尼奥斯城堡是首例。西班牙公共工程部部长认为，在数字技术的创新使用如何给古堡带来新机遇的问题上，该项目是一种尝试。在为未来打造连接过去与现在的遗产时，如何以可持续的方式将历史遗产留存？我们希望独特的项目、独特的几何结构、独特的新构筑物，是一粒种子，能孕育出更为大胆的改造策略。

摩尔城堡和授权使用的旧武器庭院，这部分用地已经完全基于生物气候进行了设计，是改造介入的主要方式。场地由两层组成，上层由钢格栅制成，下层则是玻璃。冬季，玻璃层可以保温，温度的自然增加对于避免摄氏0℃引起的古迹损坏至关重要。在夏季，45个太阳能风筒将是充足通风的保证。这些置于格栅上3.45m高的玻璃太阳能风筒，同时还是展示柜。风筒顶部是一个可开启的小天窗，夏季阳光照射，风筒内的空气受热上升，使下层空气流通。□（天妮 译）

9 户外电影院/The outdoor cinema

10 走廊/Corridor

项目信息/Credits and Data

主持建筑师/Principal: Izaskun Chinchilla

客户/Client: Spanish Ministry of Public Works

合作方/Collaborators: Carlos Jimenez Cenamor

承包商/Contractor: CLEOP S.A.

场地质量监管/Quality Control on Site: Intercontrol Levante S.A.

建造状态/Output Type: 建造中/Under construction

监督主管/Supervising Director: Izaskun Chinchilla

技术监督/Technical Supervisor: Urbano Chousa

监督联合主管/Supervising Co-director: Carlos Jimenez Cenamor (2010.03-2011.12)

结构顾问/Structural Consultancy: Roberto Marín Sampalo.执行监督/Execution Supervision Assisttants: D-fine S.L.

考古学家/Archeologist: Joaquim Parcerisas Civit.

官方预算/Official Budget for Public Contract: 3,335,833.17€

摄影/Photos: Miguel de Guzman

线图/Drawings: Izaskun Chinchilla Architects

评论

龙灏：在欧洲的古建筑再利用项目中，原有建筑或遗址大多是石材砌筑为主，这就为更新、利用提供了一个比亚洲多见的古旧木结构建筑更加有利的条件和更多样的选择可能性。就本项目里“新建建筑物（或构筑物）”的材料选择和基本构造措施而言，“钢+玻璃”算得上是标配了，并无特别之处，但问题在于同样是钢和玻璃，会被怎样使用？在本项目的设计中，玻璃隔层与玻璃的太阳能风筒既可达成保温、通风的作用，体现当代绿色建筑的设计要求，其本身的形式和组合上也被作为了装置艺术品。顶部观景平台的篱笆形栏杆样式更是匠心独运，加上与城堡土黄背景色对比明显的色彩运用，使本项目具备了在欧洲的类似项目中较为突出的个性。

胡恒：在不赋予新功能的前提下有效改造一个古城堡的方式只有一条：使之成为艺术品。该项目正走在这条路上。工作分两部分：覆盖加泰罗尼亚文化中狂野的色彩艺术；用高科技将其变成一具智慧空间生物。第一项不难，增设的天桥、栏杆、隔栅、楼梯、屋顶、挑檐、玻璃窗、通风口，都是色彩泼洒的现成道具。第二项就很考验人了——不过对技术的迷恋也是加泰罗尼亚文化的传统。因为这些道具不光是视觉体验的对象，还得与城堡主体一起合成一个能够给人以全方位官能体验的场所。所以这些道具是活性的。它们既使古堡看着养眼，待着舒服，自己也能活动，说不定以后还可以在无人操作的情况自行“来去”。看起来，当代艺术与人工智能的融合已近在眼前了。而这应该就是这个古堡的未来吧。

11 鸟瞰/Look down from above

12 远望/Overlook

Comments

LONG Hao: Most of the existing buildings or ruins are primarily stone masonry in the historical architecture renewal projects in Europe, which provides more favorable conditions and more diverse possibilities while making decisions compared to the projects in Asia commonly based on ancient woodstructural architecture. In terms of the material selection and basic tectonic methods for the "new building (or construction)" in this project, "steel +glass" could only be seen as a standard combination without anything special. Thus, the key point comes to how these two common materials can be used. In the design of this project, the glass compartment and glass solar ventilating tubes not only function for thermal insulation and natural ventilation to reflect the standards of contemporary green buildings, but also can be seen as art installations with designed form and composition. The fence-shaped parapet style of the viewing platform on top is quite ingenious.Together with the highly contrasting colours visible in front of the background earthy color of the castle,it also sculptures some outstanding identity for the project itself among similar ones in Europe.(Translated by CHEN Xi)

13.14 护栏/Parapet

15 内景/Interior view

16 地下通廊/Underground galleries

17 洗手间/Restroom

HU Heng: The only approach to effectively refurbish an old castle without adding new features to it is to make it become a piece of artwork. This project, in two parts, serves as a perfect example of such a method.Firstly, different colours are employed to enrich its Catalan culture, while the use of high technology allows it to become intelligent life. The first part cannot be considered as difficult due to the newlyadded footbridges, parapets, stairs, rooftops, cornices,glass windows and air vents, which all function as existing colourful elements. However, the second part of refurbishment work would not be easy (yet, the pursuit of the utilisation of technology can be regarded as a tradition of Catalan culture). These elements not only form a part of objects for visual experience, but are also integrated with the castle and work together as a place, which provides visitors with a full sensory experience. In this regard, the elements are flexible.They render the old castle beautiful and bring comfort to audiences. Moreover, they might be able to "move"around freely with an automatisation system in the near future. It seems that the integration of modern art and AI technology is close at hand. Shall we consider this scene as this castle's future?(Translated by Dandan Wang)