Every Greek Has Their Odysseus Inside
2018-08-27BySimonArmitage翻译思苇
⊙ By Simon Armitage ⊙ 翻译:思苇
THIS LITERARY LIFE
书香伴我行
“读书足以怡情,足以傅彩,足以长才。”(Studies serve for delight, for ornament,and for ability.)
去读书吧,不管是小说、戏剧、童话、游记,还是论著、散文、寓言、诗歌……
去读书吧,不管是现实主义、浪漫主义、古典主义、未来主义,还是哥特式、意识流、荒诞派、超小说……
去读书吧,不管是房龙、村上春树、伊索、安徒生,还是海明威、伍尔夫、塞万提斯、托尔斯泰……
去读书吧,不管是俄底修斯、冉阿让、福尔摩斯、郝思嘉,还是哈姆雷特、达西先生、盖茨比、弗兰肯斯坦……
这个春天,带上一本好书,我们踏青去!
文学是一种文化的根,是一个族群的魂。纵使远隔千年时空,那一个个光辉灿烂的文学形象如今读来依旧鲜活,依然能够真切地触动现代人的心弦。他们就是人类长河里的盏盏明灯,给后世照亮前进的道路……
I’m in the1)Mediterranean [ˌmedɪtə΄reɪnɪən] n. 地中海(相当于Mediterranean sea)Mediterranean on the2)trail [treɪl] n. 足迹,踪迹,痕迹trail of a legend—a3)warrior [΄wɒrɪə(r)] n. 战士,勇士warrior from Greece who4)triumph [΄traɪəmf] v. 获得胜利,成功triumphed at5)Troy 特洛伊,小亚细亚西北部的古城,位于今天的土耳其,相传希腊与特洛伊两军曾在此鏖战十年。Troy. His name is Odysseus,and he’s the hero of a 2,500-year-old poem called the Odyssey. It’s the diary of a lost man and a wandering soul. It describes a ten-year journey6)crisscross [΄krɪskrɒs] v. 交叉,交叉往来crisscrossing these oceans and7)pinball [΄pɪnbɔːl] v. 像弹球一样移动pinballing between islands. Told by our first author, Homer, the Odyssey has become a foundation stone of Western literature.
But who is Odysseus? I thought I’d ask Dimitris and Andreas, a couple of retired8)merchant [΄mзːtʃənt] adj. 商业的,商船的merchant seamen who spent much of their working lives at sea.
Dimitris: My seaman’s life was just the same life. I went to too many places. I had a lot of experiences, and then I came to an end. And I think all of us…all of us come to an end.I mean, that’s…that is the story. It is a very,very human story.
Simon: So that makes him…makes it more real in some sense?
Dimitris: It is real. It is real. That’s why this poem is9)eternal [ɪ΄tзːn(ə)l] adj. 永恒的,不朽的eternal. If you read it and you see the details and so on, you will discover your own life. This is my life.Andreas: Yeah.
Dimitris: He went through too many adventures, you know, as we did, as seamen,both of us.
Andreas: Every man has his Odysseus inside—in his mind.
Dimitris: But after that, you have to settle down, and this is what all of us…we do in life. It’s a lesson of life.
Andreas: And when you are a young one,and you go to work on a ship, you think that everything is a game. But as the years have passed, you feel very, very different.
One thing I understand from meeting people like Andreas and Dimitris is just how important the Odyssey is to the Greek people. Someone once said the Odyssey is“10)alive to 充分意识到,感觉到,对……敏感alive to every11)tremor [΄tremə(r)] n. 颤动,震动tremor and12)gleam [ɡliːm] n. 闪光,微光gleam of existence.”
I want to get a sense of what it’s like to be at sea for long periods, so I’ve come to a13)naval [΄neɪv(ə)l] adj. 海军的,军舰的naval base on the Greek mainland. I’d love to chat with Odysseus about his leadership skills, but since I can’t, I thought I’d try the next best thing: Commander Spyros Lagares is in charge of 160 men on the Greek Navy14)frigate [΄frɪɡɪt] n. 护卫舰Frigate, Nikiforos Fokas. I15)cheekily [΄tʃiːkɪlɪ] adv. 厚脸皮地,无礼地cheekily wonder whether he fancied himself as a bit of a modern day Odysseus…
Spyros: Yes. I think that all Greeks do believe that we do have a connection with Odysseus.You can say so, yes. This is the way I feel and I think most of us feel this way, yeah.
CY百科
◆ Homer 荷马:古希腊伟大的失明诗人,大约生活在公元前9–8世纪之间,相传他将当时的民间传说和短歌进行整理综合,最后编写成两部史诗《伊利亚特》(Iliad)和《奥德赛》(Odyssey),详尽记载了特洛伊战争的始末、各路英雄的事迹,以及俄底修斯战后历经漂泊才得以归家的冒险之旅。这两部作品合称《荷马史诗》,是古希腊神话体系中的重要部分,也是整个西方文化体系的根基,对西方宗教、历史、文学、伦理等方面有着巨大影响,荷马因此被奉为“西方文学的始祖”。
参考译文
我在地中海追寻着一段传奇——那是一位在特洛伊战争获得胜利的希腊勇士。他名叫俄底修斯,是2500年前的史诗《奥德赛》的主人公。这是一本关于迷失者和漂泊者的纪行,叙述了一段在海洋和岛屿之间辗转奔波的十年之旅。《奥德赛》的作者是西方最早的作家荷马,这段传说后来成了西方文学的奠基石。
可是,俄底修斯到底是谁呢?我想我得去问问季米特里斯和安德烈亚斯——他俩在退休前都是商船上的水手,大部分时间都要在海上工作。
季米特里斯:我的海员生活就跟俄底修斯一样,去过很多地方,经历过很多事情,后来一切都结束了。我想,我们所有人……每个水手都会有结束漂泊的那一天,我的意思是,那……就像故事里一样。这是一个很有人性的故事。
西蒙:这就使他……从某种意义上,这些描写会让故事显得更加真实吧?
季米特里斯:它是真实的,它就是一个真实的故事,这正是《奥德赛》如此历久常新的原因所在。如果你仔细品读,看看里面的各种细节,你就会发现诗中所讲的正是自己的生活——这就是我的生活。
安德烈亚斯:没错。
季米特里斯:你瞧,他经历了各种各样的冒险,就像
我们海员一样——我们俩的生活就是这样。
安德烈亚斯:每个男人心里都有属于自己的俄底修斯。季米特里斯:不过,在那之后,你就得安定下来,这是我们所有人……我们的人生都是这样过来的,这就是生活教会我们的事情。
安德烈亚斯:年轻的时候,你在船上工作,难免觉得一切都是儿戏。然而,随着岁月流逝,你的感受就会大不一样了。
我从安德烈亚斯和季米特里斯身上明白了一点:《奥德赛》在希腊人心目中占据着一个非常重要的位置。有人曾说,这部史诗“能够敏锐地捕捉到生存的每一丝微光与颤动”。
我想知道长期待在海上会有什么感觉,于是我来到希腊大陆上的一个海军基地。我倒是蛮想与俄底修斯本人聊聊他的领导技巧,但这显然是不可能的,我只好退而求其次了:斯皮罗斯·拉加雷斯司令官统率着160人,他们在希腊海军护卫舰“麦欧利斯号”上工作。我不禁有点冒失地想,他会不会觉得自己就是当代的俄底修斯……
斯皮罗斯:是的,在我看来,每一个希腊人都觉得自己跟俄底修斯有所联系。你可以这样说,确实如此,我就是这么想的,大多数人也会有这种感觉,没错儿。