中国石榴王（琉璃）：色彩斑斓 精妙绝伦

文／柴军

2013年的第三届中国国际轻工消费品展览会上，博山琉璃最为抢眼，博山区中国玻璃（琉璃）艺术大师王乃宝被授予“中国石榴王（琉璃）”的殊荣。

王乃宝，1939年出生于博山，1953年开始从事琉璃研发与制造工作。受前辈们的悉心指导，他广泛涉足琉璃制作领域，而尤以灯工擅长；1964年被国家二轻部选派赴捷克留学深造，上世纪70年代后专注于灯工，是全省琉璃行业灯工造型的代表性人物。

灯工是一项考验温度和耐心的技艺，灯工匠人将五颜六色的琉璃料条放在近千度的火焰中加热，使之快速熔化，然后借助钳子、刀片等工具进行塑形。火候、形状、色彩都是对匠人的考验。石榴由于籽粒众多，色彩驳杂，工艺相当繁复，一直被认为是灯工界中的巨大挑战，非有高超技艺之人不敢问津。

王乃宝仅凭红、蓝、黄、白、绿几个常用的基本色彩的玻璃料棒，就能调和出五彩缤纷的琉璃世界。灯工中颜色运用最忌讳呆板，同样是绿色翅膀，螳螂的翅膀碧绿如玉，而蝈蝈的短翅则于绿中略带褐黄，卧在石榴上的蝗虫则是青里泛白，其作品带来生机的同时绝不破坏清雅色调。石榴籽，如果是通红一簇，固然艳丽无比，但真的石榴籽，粒粒都是自根部起从白色、粉白渐变到鲜艳的玫瑰红；石榴壳，也绝不是由单调的红色组成，而是在红色之中包含着靛青，在石榴尾部甚至还有点点的暗黑应和着青色石榴须，那是成熟石榴的标志性颜色……王乃宝像魔术师一般，用毕生精力把大自然色彩移植到了原本冷冰冰的琉璃上，幻化出足以乱真的艺术世界。

○琉璃灯工作品《众籽石榴》Lampworking work Pomegranate with Numerous Seeds

灯工技艺与国画工笔写实十分相近，作为灯工界扛鼎人物，王乃宝以极强的艺术表现力被盛赞为“博山琉璃的一张名片”。《五谷丰登》《南瓜蝈蝈》……他的作品陈列室里，除了《众籽石榴》外，还有诸多凝聚着其心血的技艺精湛、造型别致、富有博山浓郁文化特色的灯工精品。他用琉璃代替照相机，给无缘感受田园风光的人带去了无限遐想。而让他引以为豪的还有一件事情，那就是因琉璃而在马耳他度过的一段美好时光。

1974年6月，受周恩来总理委托，王乃宝作为援助马耳他技术小组组长，带队登上了去地中海的飞机。期间，他设计完成了琉璃鱼、圣诞树等援外琉璃产品100余种，其中水柱鱼花瓶、海鸥烟缸等被原轻工部评为优秀作品，《花篮葡萄》被视作镇厂之宝。一次，马耳他玻璃厂接到一项特殊任务：按照该国工党标徽做件玻璃制品。全厂工人束手无策，王乃宝念念不忘“是人家帮咱进入了联合国”“要为国争光”等周总理对他的嘱托，于是挺身而出，足足花了一周时间，亲自操刀才将手举火炬、后置红白十字旗的工党党徽做了出来。随后，他又出色地完成了作为马耳他出访比利时外交礼物的比利时国徽。时任马耳他总理的明托夫对这两件精品惊叹不已，执意在家中设宴并亲自下厨款待王乃宝。

“中国石榴王（琉璃）”不仅是对王乃宝本人，更是对博山琉璃艺术最大的肯定和褒奖。

编辑／栾小惠

○《众籽石榴》Pomegranate with Numerous Seeds

At the Third China International Light Industry Consumer Products Exhibition in 2013, the colored glaze of Boshan was the most eye-catching. Wang Naibao, Chinese Glass (Colored Glaze) Art Master of Boshan, was awarded the title of “King of Pomegranate (Colored Glaze) in China”.

Wang Naibao, born in the mountain city Boshan in 1939, began engaging in colored glaze R&D and manufacturing in 1953, and became a representative of lampworking and modeling in the colored glaze industry of Shandong Province. Lampworking is a technique that tests both temperature and patience. Lampworking craftsmen(glassblowers) place colorful glass strips on 1000°C flames to melt them rapidly;then, conduct shaping in reliance upon such tools as pliers and blades. Flame temperature, shape and color are all tests for craftsmen. The pomegranate craftwork with numerous seeds and mottled colors requires a complicated process. Thus, it has always been deemed as a huge challenge in the lampworking circles. Only highly-skilled craftsmen can make an attempt.

As a giant in the lampworking circles, Wang Naibao has highlevel lampworking skills which are similar to the traditional Chinese realistic painting. With strong artistic expression, he is praised as an “Image Icon of Boshan Colored Glaze”. In his exhibition room, in addition to the Pomegranate with Numerous Seeds, there are numerous fine blown glass works that are technologically exquisite, chic in modeling and filled with the strong cultural characteristics of Boshan. He uses colored glaze in place of a camera to bring infinite imagination to those who have no chance to experience the rural scenery.