烈焰下的琉璃传承

文、图／ 三斗

○酷爱琉璃的祖孙三代。The three generations with a passion for colored glaze.

6月28日，在博山区大辛社区一家手工艺琉璃作坊里，一片热火朝天的景象。这里出产的琉璃灯工工艺品，都是按国外订户的要求制作的，不久将漂洋过海，将“博山琉璃”的名片传播到异国他乡。

工作台前的艺人已被喷灯的火焰映红了脸，孙磊的一天就是在这里开始的。料棒在喷灯下迅速熔化，他要在极短的时间内对料棒进行拉扯、再加热，最后再塑形。不出5分钟，一件生动形象、惟妙惟肖的作品便呈现在我们面前。

受家庭熏陶，在作坊里长大的孙磊，耳濡目染，学到了不少琉璃制作的技巧；1996年他开始正式跟随父亲学习琉璃灯工制作。在父亲的精心教导下，他很快熟练掌握了琉璃制作的工艺流程。多年来，孙磊在琉璃灯工制作工艺上积累了丰富的经验，特别是制作琉璃灯工动物、植物等生命力强的实物，取材于现实生活，善于抓住动物的灵气、植物的生机，用琉璃展现它们的形象，留住了自然的意韵。

父亲孙凤军有“琉璃葡萄孙”之名，自然是在琉璃葡萄的制作上独具特色。孙磊也悉得真传。

○五颜六色的琉璃棒是灯工的主要材料。Colorful glass sticks are the main materials of lampworking.

○借助钳子、刀片等小工具，对料条进行塑形。Using such small tools as pliers and blades to shape the material strip.

○喷灯的火焰映红了孙磊的脸。The flame of the blast burner flushed Sun Lei’s cheeks.

累累硕果的葡萄给人们带来丰收的喜悦，象征着平安、吉祥，被赋予了多子多福、后继有人、生活美满的寓意。市面上制作琉璃葡萄的艺人不在少数，然而葡萄作品却很难在国内的各类评比中脱颖而出，这是孙磊和父亲经常讨论和反思的。以往制作的琉璃葡萄色泽单一、不鲜活，缺少现实中葡萄的真实感。为此，父子二人特意到葡萄架下观察其藤蔓、枝叶以及葡萄的生长结构，葡萄表面的一层霜，是当今琉璃葡萄作品中所欠缺的，吹制出挂霜的葡萄，绝对会增加葡萄的逼真度。于是，针对葡萄表面的那层霜，他们不断地思考、研发、试制，经过反反复复的试验、调色，终于制成挂霜琉璃葡萄。整串葡萄外形错落有致，颜色深浅不一，特别是在表面，因为有了那层薄薄的白霜，更加逼真、鲜活起来。这一创作也成为琉璃艺术发展史上的又一座里程碑。

“创新是琉璃工艺的永恒话题，唯有不断创新，才能让琉璃更具生命力。”孙磊说。

在世界琉璃工艺发展史上，灯工工艺是一种在公元前就已经出现并使用的古老工艺，传承至今，愈加璀璨迷人，而像孙磊这样年轻的琉璃艺人也愈来愈多，他们在烈焰下演绎着琉璃传承，也让山城的琉璃艺术之花愈加绚丽繁茂。

编辑/栾小惠

On June 28, a colored glaze handicraft workshop in Daxin Community, Boshan District, the“Land of Chinese Colored Glaze”, showed a bustling scene, despite its dim lights and rudimentary facilities. Its blown glass craftworks are all manufactured according to the requirements of foreign clients. Before long, they will be transported across the sea, conveying the image icon of “colored glaze of Boshan”to overseas countries.

Previously the colored glaze grapes had only one color, and lacked vividness and a sense of reality. Therefore, Sun Lei and his father meticulously observed the vines, branches, leaves and growth structure of grapes on a grape trellis.They found that the frost on the surface of grapes was a missing element in the existing colored glaze grape works.Blowing frosted grapes would definitely increase the fidelity of grapes. Thus,for the frost on the surface of grapes,they kept thinking, doing R&D and trial production. Through repeated tests and toning, they finally created frosted colored glaze grapes. The bunch of grapes is well-proportioned in appearance, with different shades of colors. In particular, with a thin layer of frost on the surface, the grapes appear more vivid and lifelike. The creation became another millstone in the development history of colored glaze art.

“Innovation is an eternal topic of colored glaze technology. Only continuous innovations can add more vitality to colored glaze,” said Sun Lei.