高考英语“语篇型语法填空”的题型解读
2018-05-15陈永燕
【摘要】“语篇型语法填空”是高考英语的新题型,此题型主要从语篇层面上考查语言知识,符合新课标倡导的语言学习理念。为了更好地应对这种新题型,本文对“语篇型语法填空”的题型进行详细地解读。
【关键词】高考英语;语法填空;题型解读
【作者简介】陈永燕,山西省方山高级中学。
高中英语课程标准明确规定了英语教学的总体目标是培养学生的综合语言运用能力。综合语言运用能力的形成建立在学生语言技能、语言知识、情感态度、学习策略和文化意识等素养整体发展的基础之上,而语言知识和语言技能是综合语言运用能力的基础。从2014年高考起,“语篇型语法填空”取代单项选择成为高考英语的一个新题型,符合新课标倡导的语言学习理念。这一题型主要在语篇层面上考查学生的语言知识,符合语言真实性的要求,让学生在更加真实的语境中应用自己学到的语言知识。为了使学生更好地应对这种新题型,笔者根据多年的教学实践对“语篇型语法填空”的题型进行详细地解读。
语法填空题的首句一般不设空;整篇设空10处要求填入适当的单词;设空方式分为“纯空格型”和“有提示词型”两种。
1.纯空格型:纯空格型即没有提示词,通常填的是介词、连词、代词、冠词、从句引导词、情态动词、强调助动词等虚词。这种空格内只需填一个词。如:
①In many ways, the education system in the US is not very different ______ that in the UK. (介词,填from)
②I quite agree to your opinion that everyone can make _____ difference to society. (冠词,填a)
③Her mother is fond of western music, _____ her father is interested in Peking opera. (并列连词,填while)
④___________ it can be enjoyed at home, the best way to experience it is at a smart hotel or café. (从句引导词,填Although)
⑤It was so noisy that we _____ hear ourselves speak. (情态动词,填couldnt)
⑥Please _____ take care of yourself. (强调助动词,填do)
⑦We dont have enough books for _____; some of you will have to share. (代词,填everyone)
2.有提示词型:有提示词型即空格后的括号内有给出的提示词,通常为名词、动词、形容词、副词等实词。这种空格可填一个、两个或三个词。
(1)提示词为名词:通常考虑名词的复数和派生(加前缀或后缀变为另一单词)。如:
①It went on to become a _____ (fashion) social occasion for the upper classes. (名词的派生,加后缀变为形容词,填fashionable)
②However, one day in the fourth grade, all _____ (thing) changed. (名词的复数, 填things)
(2)提示词为动词:通常考虑三种情况,即谓语动词(时态和语态)、非谓语动词(现在分词/动名词、过去分词或不定式)和派生。如:
①The rain made it more difficult for us ____ (finish) the work on time. (非谓语动词的不定式,填to finish)
②He got up and hurried to his office,____ (leave) the breakfast untouched. (非谓语动词的现在分词,填leaving)
③The reporter _____ (criticize) for not telling the truth. (谓语动词,一般过去时的被动语态,填was criticized)
④The ideas ________ (present) by our manager at the meeting sound reasonable. (非謂语动词的过去分词,填presented)
⑤A lot of dirty clothes require _____ (clean),so she will not go out shopping this weekend. (非谓语动词的动名词,填cleaning)
⑥Much to my ______ (astonish),he still remembered my birthday after we separated for so many years. (动词的派生,加后缀变为名词,填astonishment)
(3)提示词为形容词:通常考虑形容词的比较级或最高级和派生两种情况。如:
①The number of exchange students to China has grown _____ (steady) (派生,加后缀变为副词,填steadily)
②So the clergymen repeated the question in an even _____ (serious) tone “Where is God?” (形容词的比较级,填more serious)
语法填空题的题型解读可以为学生提供答题技巧和答题思路,但要想在语法填空题中取得高分,也离不开充足的知识储备,比如语法知识、词汇知识、生活常识、固定词组、句型搭配、文化背景等等。所以在平常的教学中,我们英语教师一定要不打折扣地去夯实学生的语言基础和语言技能,只有扎实的知识储备和恰当的答题技巧相结合,才能在高考中战无不胜。
参考文献:
[1]高中英语语法考点全解与全练(2017版)[M].湖南师范大学出版社.
[2]高中同步创新课堂《优化方案》英语[M].浙江出版传媒,崇文书局.