浅谈高中英语任务型阅读的破解技巧

王美竹

根據《考试说明》要求，高中英语的任务型阅读，即“七选五”，主要考察考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。任务型阅读通常精选一篇300词左右的短文，列出七个选项，让考生从中选出五个适当的选项填到文中，从而使文章连贯和完整。这一题型要求考生具备扎实的语言基本功，并且具有较强的逻辑思维能力和判断、推理能力。另外，选项之间常常互相牵制，考生很可能因为选错一处而导致两处错填的情况发生。笔者在高中英语教育一线工作多年，积累了一些破解“七选五”的巧妙方法，并应用于实际教学中，效果不错，可以达到事半功倍的效果，现总结如下。

1. 从挖空位置入手（主要靠翻译）

1.1 挖空位置在句首（主题句），看后句

例如：（2014全国Ⅰ卷） 40  There are many ways to express thoughts and ideas—music， acting， drawing， building photography. You may find that your child is attracted by one more than another.

A. We can give kids chances to think about materials in new ways.

B. Being able to communicate ideas in a meaningful way is a valuable skill.

1.2 挖空位置在句尾（总结句），看前句

例如：（2013全国Ⅰ卷）Most businesses seek to make a profit （利润）—that is， they aim to achieve income that is more than the costs of operating the business. However， some businesses only seek to earn enough to cover their operating costs. Commonly called nonprofits， these organizations are primarily nongovernmental service providers.72

A. In this connection there is the difference between top management and operative management.

B. Examples of nonprofit business include such organizations as social service agencies and many hospitals.

1.3 挖空位置在句中（承上启下），看前后句

例如：（2015全国Ⅰ卷）Sometimes people simply cant trust anymore.37Its understandable， but if youre willing to build trust in a relationship again， we have some steps you can take to get you there.

A. Theyve been too badly hurt and they cant bear to let it happen again.

B. Seeing the positive side of things doesnt mean youre ignoring what happened.

2. 从文章结构入手

2.1 确定文章结构（一般都是总分结构）

总起段的最后一句常引起下文的分述，例如：

（2014北京卷）Making good choices about your own health requires reasonable evaluation. A key first step in bettering your evaluation ability is to look carefully at your sources of healthy information. Reasonable evaluation includes knowing where and how to find relevant information， how to separate fact from opinions， how to recognize poor reasoning， and how to analyze information and the reliability of sources.71

Go to the original source...

Watch for misleading language...

Use your common sense...

Make choice that are right for you...

Developing the ability to evaluate reasonably and independently about the health problems will serve you well throughout your life.

A. Be aware that information may also be incorrectly explained by an authors point of view.

B. The following suggestions can help you sort through the health information you receive from common sources.

2.2 如何選择小标题

（1）参照其他小标题;（2）一般为祈使句且比较简短;（3）看下面段落的首句（既确定下面段落的主要内容），例如：

（2011全国卷）Parents should help their children understand money. 71. The best time to teach a child anything about money is when he shows an interest. So you may start talking about money when your child shows an interest in buying things， candy or toys， for example.

1. The basic function of money...

2. Money lessons...

3. 74

Begin at the grocery store. Pick out similar brands of a product—a name brand butter and a generic （无商标产品）， for example. You can show your child how to make choices between different brands of a product so that you can save money...

A. Wise decisions.

B. Talk about how the money bought the thing after you leave the toy store.

2.2.1 根据小标题选择下面段落的内容

例如：（2012全国卷）Try to solve the problem. After youre calm and you have support from adults and friends， its time to get down to business. 74 Even if you cant solve it all， you can solve a piece of it.

A. You need to figure out what the problem is.

B. And dont forget about your friends.

2.2.2 排比句

例如：（2017全国Ⅲ卷）Keep a record and evaluate it weekly. Keep track of your efforts and write down how you feel. After youve tried a new method for a week， take a look at your record.40If not， take another look at other methods you could try.

A. If the steps you take are working， keep it up.

B. Stick to your set bedtime and wake-up time， no matter the day.

2.2.3 划分段落层次

例如：（ 2013全国Ⅰ卷）Business management is a term used to describe the techniques of planning， direction， and control of the operations of a business.73One is the establishment （制定） of broad basic policies with respect to production; sales; the purchase of equipment， materials and supplies; and accounting. The second aspect relates to the application of these policies by departments. The third relates to the establishment of standards of word in all departments. Direction is concerned primarily with supervision （监管） and guidance by the management in authority. 75

A. Control includes the use of records and reports to compare actual work with the set standards for work.

B. Planning in business management has three main aspects.

3. 寻找关键词

3.1 代词和限定词

如it、they、we、this、these、its、another、them等。

例如：（2015甘肃兰州双基过关） 1  These simple tasks will takes you less than 30 minutes to complete each evening and will save you a huge headache every morning.

A. Make a summary of what you did in the daytime.

B. Iron your clothes， locate your keys， plan a nutritious breakfast， etc.

3.2 关联词

3.2.1 递进关系

如also、in addition、whats more、in other words、for example、second、besides等。

例如：（2016全国Ⅰ卷）A code uses symbols to replace words， phrases， or sentences. To read the message of a real code， you must have a code book. 39For example， “bridge” might stand for “meet” and “out” might stand for “me”. The message “bridge out” would actually mean “Meet me”.

A. With a code book， you might write down words that would stand for other words.

B. In any language， some letters are used more than others.

3.2.2 转折关系

如but、however、instead、otherwise、yet、on the other hand、on the contrary等。

例如：（2015全国Ⅰ卷）Once trust is lost， what is left？ Instead of looking at the situation from this hopeless angle， look at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life.40Instead， its a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth and forgiveness.

A. Remember that you can expect the best in return.

B. Seeing the positive side of things doesnt mean youre ignoring what happened.

3.2.3 因果关系

如why、because、therefore、so、as a result、for this reason、as、since等。

例如：（2013全国Ⅱ卷）51， so get help.Since there are about a billion companies out there all ready to offer you public speaking training and courses， here are some things to look for when deciding the training thats right for you.

A. You already do lots of things well

B. Whatever the presentation， public speaking is tough

3.3 原詞，近义词和反义词

例如：（2012全国卷）Everybody gets stressed from time to time. 71Some ways of dealing with stress—like screaming or hitting someone—dont solve （解决） much.

A. Ask for a helping hand to get you through the tough situation.

B. Different people feel stress in different ways.

4. 标点符号法（注意填空处是逗号还是句号）

例如：（2017全国Ⅱ卷）When you need to talk to someone， dont do it in your own office.39 ， its much easier to excuse yourself to get back to your work than if you try to get someone out of your space even after explaining how busy you are.

A. If youre busy， dont feel bad about saying no

B. If youre in the other persons office or in a public area

5. 首字母法（句首单词的首字母要大写）

例如：（2017辽宁海城同泽高二月考）Another reason for the weakness of todays youth， in my opinion， comes from societys pressures.   40  . On the other hand， society refuses to accept that children sometimes do fail. But failure is more important because it can teach the young how to win next time.

A. The young are forced to try too hard to succeed

B. people love success and are afraid of failure

以上技巧可以帮助考生在最短的时间内锁定正确选项的范围，但不能作为解答任务型阅读的唯一依据。考生平时要注重提高词汇量，打好扎实的语言基本功，并培养阅读的理解、领悟和分析能力，才能真正做到融会贯通，从而在高考中取得优异的成绩。