解析连接手段在高中英语写作教学中的应用
2018-03-14陈祖娟
陈祖娟
在高中教学的过程中,英语是一门重要的基础性学科。在英语课堂教学的过程中,写作教学是教学的必要环节,写作能力是学生必须具备的能力。写作在学生的考试中占据着重要的位置,在实际的课堂教学的过程中,很多的学生认为没有语法错误的作文就是好文章,这样的观点是错误的。教师在进行英语写作教学的过程中过于注重学生语法的表达,忽视了作文中语篇的连贯性。因此,在作文写作的过程中,采取连接的手段能够促使文章具有连贯性,通篇上下呼应,有效提高学生的写作能力和写作水平,促进学生综合能力的提高。
1. 注重连接词的教学,引导学生灵活运用
在高中英语课堂教学的过程中,使用的连接词有很多,教师应当注重连接词的教学,引导学生进行启发式学习,不是让学生在考试前进行死记硬背,导致学生在考试过程中滥用、乱用衔接词。在日常的教学过程中,教师应当引导学生对连接词进行自主的归纳和总结,并且能够在写作的过程中,灵活的运用,有效地提高作文的衔接效果。例如,在北师大版高中英语《City and Country》课文的教学过程中,在文章中有很多的连接词:
On Monday nights, I have dance class, and on Wednesday nights, I go to the gym. I need to do that because I dont get enough exercise otherwise. On Tuesday and Thursday nights, I have French class. I work for a French company so I think studying French will help me in my job.
I love movies. My wife calls me a “movie fan”. But there isnt a cinema in my village so I dont get the chance to go very often. I go about twice a year, usually when I go to London with my family. We take a weekend break there when I am not too busy on the farm. My wife loves looking in the clothes shops and I like all the crowds and the noise. I also like to buy a few cigars. Unfortunately, my wife isnt as fond of them as I am. My son and daughter love to ride on Londons red buses and they especially love to go on the tube.
在文章中“because”表示原因;“but”表示轉折;“also”表示增补等等。在课堂教学的过程中,教师可以引导学生对连接词语进行总结,并且能够了解其内涵和使用方式,最终灵活地运用。如,在连接词汇中,表示列举的有first、for one thing、for another、first of all等;表示原因的有because、since、as、as a result of等;表示结果的有thus、so、now that、therefore等;表示条件的有if、unless、such as、as follows等;表示解释的有that is to say、in other words、in fact、actually等;表示让步的although、though等;表示时间的before、until、later等;表示增补的also、not only ...but also等;表示转折的but、yet、anyhow等;表示总结的有all in all、in short、lastly等;表示提出观点的in my opinion/view/eyes等。引导学生正确地使用,避免出现误用、滥用的现象。
2. 结合阅读教学,注重语篇中的连接教学
在高中英语教学的过程中,离不开阅读教学,通过阅读能够对文章结构进行了解和分析,能够帮助学生对语篇中的连接词进行学习,掌握连接词的运用。在课堂教学的过程中,教师不但需要对语言结构进行教学,同时还需要对语篇之间存在的连接进行处理,引导学生对句式和短语进行学习。教师可以对文章进行设计,借助多媒体把文本内容制作成PPT,然后把其中的连接词汇空出,让学生进行阅读并且填上正确的连接词,促使上下文能够连贯。例如,在北师大版高中英语《History Makers》的教学中,教师可以利用阅读中的内容:
Elizabeth Blackwell fought for womens rights. In 1849, she became the first woman ever to receive a medical degree in the USA and showed people (1) women could be doctors, just like men. (2), she opened a hospital (3) poor people in New York City. She continued to work with people who needed help (4) she died in 1910. 答案:(1)that(2)Later(3)for(4)until。引导学生对词汇的填入,促使上下文能够连贯,通过这样的方式让学生能够对连接词汇深入学习,并且灵活地使用连接词汇,熟练地掌握连接的方式,促进学生写作能力和写作水平的提高。在教学的过程中,教师应当引导学生进行自主的思考和判断连接词汇的使用,引导学生进行领悟,促使学生的英语语篇驾驭能力的提高,提高英语写作课堂教学的水平和质量。
3. 结合语篇连接手段,加强学生的写作练习
在高中英语课堂教学的过程中,仅仅依靠学生对连接词汇的背诵和以及课堂的分析是远远不够的,在写作教学的过程中,教师需要结合学生的实际情况,根据课堂教学的内容,引导学生利用语篇连接的手段进行组句成段、缀段成篇的训练,实现课堂教学的目标。在课堂教学的过程中,教师可以给学生提供为学生提供一定的句子或者内容,引导学生进行要点的汇总,引导学生进行整个篇章的写作练习。在写作的过程中,教师应当对学生进行连接手段的引导运用,促使能够语篇上下连贯,促使学生写作能力的提高。如针对下面文本,采取适当的连接词写成短文: I was four at that time. Since then I have been learning to swim. Before that, I didnt even like swimming. I remember the first time I tried to swim. I was very scared. I didnt even dare to put my head under the water. Then I saw many little kids. They were also learning to swim. Some of them couldnt even walk well. Their moms helped them to use their little hands to swim. I thought, “They arent afraid of water, why should I be?” So gradually I learned to swim too.
修改后的文章如下:
Ever since I was four, I have been learning to swim. I didnt even like swimming before. I remember the first time I tried to swim. I was so scared that I didnt even dare to put my head under the water. Then I saw many little kids who were also learning to swim though they couldnt even walk well. Their moms helped them to use their little hands to swim. I thought, “If they arent afraid of water, why should I be?” So gradually I learned to swim too.
4. 結语
在高中英语写作教学的过程中,利用连接手段能够促进学生英语写作水平和能力的提高,在教学的过程中,教师应当不断地对学生进行启发式的引导训练,促使学生对连接词汇能够熟练记忆和灵活运用,培养学生的语篇意识。在实际的教学过程中,引导学生对连接词进行搜集、归纳和总结,借助阅读和语篇进行写作的练习,提高课堂教学的质量和水平。
(作者单位:安徽省明光中学)