看不见的连接—英国脱欧纪念碑设计国际竞赛方案

朱文一

从2013年英国前首相卡梅隆首次提出英国脱欧到近年来英国首相特蕾莎·梅的积极推动,英国脱欧正在向纵深发展。英国脱欧已经成为当今世界具有重大影响力的事件之一。2017年11月，巴黎建筑学院举办了题为“英国脱欧纪念碑”设计国际竞赛，竞赛副标题为“后英国脱欧时代法国和英国的基础设施：联合王国离开欧盟后欧洲隧道的未来”。竞赛地段选址在连接英国和欧洲大陆的英吉利海峡隧道出入口，法国的Coquelles镇附近的海峡隧道出入口和英国的Folkstone镇附近的海峡隧道出入口以及连接伦敦和巴黎的高速列车上，这本身就具有强烈的象征意味。竞赛主办方希望通过英国脱欧纪念碑的设计激发对失去欧洲合作议题的讨论，但要充分考虑英国脱欧议题的敏感性。

朱文一工作室提交的“看不见的连接”（Link-Invisible）方案选择高速列车车厢作为纪念载体，尝试纪念碑设计的新类型。方案的特点如下：

第一，欧洲之星高速列车是跨越欧洲和英国的移动基础设施，它在特定的时段内归属于竞赛划定的海峡隧道出入口。“看不见的连接”方案设计了一节高速列车车厢，名叫“特殊透明车厢”（A Special Transparent Carriage,STC）(图1）。在英国脱欧之后，可以看到在欧洲之星高速列车中部，有一节特殊的、车厢外壳由透明材料制成的车厢（图2）。STC车厢则随欧洲之星列车频繁穿梭于布鲁塞尔、巴黎和伦敦。方案想要表达的是，即使英国脱欧，欧洲（法国）和英国的连接也会非常紧密，只不过是连接方式不同而已。

第二，STC车厢透明材料上设计了法国、欧盟和英国的旗帜，分别代表与英国脱欧议题关联的国家和机构（图3）。车厢内则布置了6辆向前骑行的健身自行车，象征健康的、协同的、充满活力的法国、欧盟和英国。这正是此方案所希望展示的STC既是具有纪念意义的基础设施，也是可以互动的纪念装置。人们在STC上骑行，欧洲之星列车驶过海峡隧道口以及隧道，都可以提示人们体会英国脱欧议题。

第三，STC车厢的透明表皮考虑了万能视角下卫星地图上的建筑体验（图4）。在万能视角下，可以看到STC车厢地板上满布的脱落一颗星的欧盟旗帜和英国国旗以及STC车顶半透明的法国三色国旗。只要卫星地图上出现这列特殊的欧洲之星列车，人们就可以看到STC车厢。极强的移动性创造的广泛影响力，成为方案的又一个特色。

当在卫星地图上看到欧洲之星列车上的STC车厢正好行驶在海峡隧道口时，竞赛提出的地段上就出现了“看不见的连接”—英国脱欧纪念碑方案（图5、图6）。即使在智能手机卫星地图上，也可以体验到奇妙的STC车厢。

图1 / Figure 1“看不见的连接”设计构想A Concept of the Link-Invisible

图片来源

Figure Sources

文中图片均为朱文一工作室提供

All figures are provided by ZHU Wenyi Atelier

FULL TEXTS TRANSLATED FROM CHINESE

In November 2017, the Paris School of Architecture hosted an international competition entitled “Brexit Monument” . The subtitle of the competition is “Post-Brexit Franco-British Infrastructure: The Future of the Eurotunnel after the United Kingdom‘s Departure from the EU”. The site is located at the entrance to the Channel Tunnel connecting the UK and continental Europe (Figure 1). The Channel Tunnel entrance near the town of Coquelles in France and the Channel Tunnel entrance near the town of Folkstone in the UK, as well as the highspeed trains connecting London and Paris, have a strong symbolic meaning. The “Link-Invisible”scheme submitted by Zhu Wenyi Atelier chose highspeed train compartments to try new typology of monument.

First, the Eurostar high-speed train is a mobile infrastructure that spans Europe and the United Kingdom. The proposal designed a high-speed train compartment called “A Special Transparent Carriage”(STC) (Figure 2). Even after the Brexit, you can see a STC in the middle of the Eurostar high-speed train. The STC carriages travel frequently with the Eurostar trains in Brussels, Paris and London. It expresses that even after the Brexit, Europe (France)and the United Kingdom will also be very close, but the connection is different.

Second, the STC transparent material is designed with the flags of France, the European Union and the United Kingdom, representing the countries and EU associated with the Brexit issue (Figure 3).Inside the carriage, 6 fitness bike that rides forward,symbolizes healthy, coordinated, vibrant France, the European Union and the United Kingdom. When people are riding on the STC, when the Eurostar train crosses the Channel Tunnel, they can remind people of the Brexit issue.

Third, the transparent skin of the STC top takes into account the architectural experience on satellite maps (Figure 4). From God's eye view, you can see that the STC floor board is covered by the EU flag and the British flag, as well as the STC translucent French tricolor flag. The mobility of this monument has become another point of the proposal.

When the STC car on the Eurostar train seen on the satellite map was just at the entrance of the Channel(Figure 5, 6), you can experience the wonderful STC even through smart phone.

Brexit but still link invisible.

图2 / Figure 2欧洲之星高速列车上一节“特殊透明车厢（STC）”A Special Transparent Carriage (STC) on the Eurostar high-speed train

图3 / Figure 3 STC立面图Elevation of STC

图4 / Figure 4 STC平面图Plan of STC

图5 / Figure 5卫星图上STC在英国的Folkstone镇附近的海峡隧道出入口STC on the satellite map appears at the Channel Tunnel entrance near the town of Folkstone, UK

图6 / Figure 6卫星图上STC在法国的Coquelles镇附近的海峡隧道出入口STC on the satellite map appears at the Channel Tunnel entrance near the town of Coquelles, France