刊首语

从古老的桃花源到传统园林，从霍华德田园城市到花园城市、园林城市，再到公园城市…….；从农业文明到工业文明，再到生态文明，历史发展经历了曲折漫长的过程，至今人们仍没有放弃对人类理想人居环境的寻找。记得刚参加专业工作不久的1983年，我和另一位年轻的同事到合肥开展《城市绿地分类、定额和布局研究》的课题调研，当时的吴翼副市长亲自带领我们实地考察了合肥的园林建设，一路讲解让我们受益匪浅，印象最深刻的是合肥城市发展的新构想，他告诉我们合肥正在努力建设 “园在城中，城在园中”的优美舒适的园林化城市，让城市居民感觉生活在公园之中。合肥在1979年创新性地编制了我国第一个城市绿地系统专项规划，以环城公园作为城市的绿色项链，以 “三翼状城市格局”为骨架，从城市西南方向建设巢湖引风林以降低城市气温，在西部城郊建设大蜀山和董铺水库绿地以保护城市环境…….，现在看来这就是最为朴素的 “公园城市”理念。1992年，合肥与深圳、北京被列为中国第一批国家园林城市，成为全国城市园林绿化建设的典型代表。

转眼间30多年过去了，新时代的公园城市让我们的城市进入一个全新的发展时期，生态文明已经成为国家战略，尊重自然、顺应自然、维护自然、保育生态系统正在成为当前城市发展的重要前提。风景园林学科以其特有的品质和特性，正在从后台走向前台，成为保护城市生态、建设美丽城乡、服务人民群众美好生活的一支不可或缺的重要力量。

2018年2月，习近平总书记在成都视察时指出：天府新区是 “一带一路”建设和长江经济带发展的重要节点，一定要规划好建设好，特别是要突出公园城市特点，把生态价值考虑进去，努力打造新的增长极，建设内陆开放经济高地。高标准建设公园城市，用世界眼光、国际标准把成都天府新区规划好建设好，具有时代的紧迫感、责任感、使命感。

从本质上讲，公园城市的基本概念是以生态文明战略、风景园林理论以及社会公众利益为先导构建的城乡自然生态格局安全、风景园林游憩环境优美、生活居住条件舒适宜居的园林化城市构成形态与空间模式。公园城市是新时代引领城市建设发展的新目标、美丽中国的实现途径、城市建设发展的治理体系和理想城乡人居环境的营建体系,将推动城市发展转型和良性发展。

建设公园城市不仅是一种理念，更是一项重要的实践活动，需要我们建立以人民为中心的服务思路，将公园游憩作为满足人民群众美好生活需要的城市基本公共服务；与国土规划、城乡规划、主体功能区和生态环境保护等规划紧密结合，营建城乡生态安全格局和绿色生态空间体系；树立城乡一体、蓝绿共荣的城市生态文明建设理念，将公园城市体系纳入城市空间形态和 “三生空间”系统建设，树立城乡绿色生态空间统筹共识。

实现绿色生态空间规划与统筹，首先须遵循山水林田湖是一个生命共同体的理念，识别出其市域生态系统服务功能重要、生态环境敏感的绿色生态空间要素及其空间分布状况，划定城市生态控制线，构建生态绿地空间网络，统筹构建系统完整、城乡协调的绿色生态空间体系；加强绿色生态空间规划管控，控制城市 “摊大饼”和城镇群连绵发展现象。

“公园城市”是一次新的探索，建设公园城市需要进行大量的理论和实践创新研究。理论创新是针对公园城市建设的相关生态文明、生态安全格局、城市绿色发展和公园城市等基础性理论的创新；规划创新是加强市域层面绿色生态空间统筹与管控，城乡生态控制线划定规划，市域绿地系统、风景游憩体系规划，公园特色村镇体系规划等。在城区层面，创新城市绿地系统与城乡规划等协调编制的技术方法，加强城市生态保护与建设、城市公园体系、公园游憩和绿道网络体系、绿线、生态修复、城市蓝色景观空间、自然保护地协调保护等规划的创新研究；标准创新是针对公园城市新要求，更新现有风景园林和城乡规划等标准体系，重点加强与公园城市相关的评价、建设、检验等新标准的研究与制定；管理创新是加强城乡绿色生态空间统筹与管控、城乡生态控制线和城市绿线划定与管理、城市生态网络体系与城绿空间管理，以及公园城市生态、公园游憩服务与城市景观风貌格局综合管控等的创新。

公园城市理念为我们展现了一个美好的城市发展前景。在研究公园城市的同时，我们是否可以作一个假设？一个狭义的公园城市与其市域生态网络系统有机结合，可以形成一个涵盖城市行政区的公园城市；一个省域多个城市行政区域的公园城市通过城乡生态网络系统有机联系，可以形成一个涵盖省级行政区的 “公园省”；当全国每个省级行政区都建成 “公园省”，并通过省域生态网络系统有机联系时，岂不就是在全国实现大地园林化之时！

From the ancient Peach Blossom Spring to traditional gardens, from Howard's pastoral cities to garden cities, to park cities… from the agricultural civilization to the industrial civilization,and from the industrial civilization to the ecological civilization, the historical development has experienced a long and tortuous process. So far, people have not given up on the search for human settlements in human ideals. I remember that in 1983, just after taking part in professional work, another young colleague and I went to Hefei to conduct the investigation and survey on the research on classification, quota and layout of urban green space. At that time, Vice Mayor Wu Yi personally led us to inspect the garden construction of the city, and we benefited a lot from it.The most impressive was the new concept of Hefei urban development. He told us that Hefei was working hard to build a beautiful and comfortable garden with "garden in the city" and "city in the garden", making urban residents feel like living in a park. In 1979, Hefei innovated and compiled the first special plan for urban green space system in China, taking the city park as the green necklace of the city, the "three-winged urban pattern" as the framework, constructing the Chaohu Lake wind forest in the southwest of the city to reduce urban temperature, building Dashu Mountain and Dongpu Reservoir green space in the western suburbs to protect the urban environment…which seems that this was the most simple "park city" concept. In 1992, Hefei, Shenzhen and Beijing were listed as the first batch of national garden cities in China, and became the typical representative of urban gardening and greening construction in China.

In the twinkling of an eye, more than 30 years have passed. The park city of the new era has brought our city into a new period of development. Ecological civilization has become a national strategy. Respecting nature, adapting to nature, maintaining nature, and conserving ecosystem are becoming important prerequisites for current urban development. With its unique quality and characteristics, the landscape architecture discipline is moving from the background to the stage,becoming an indispensable and important force to protect the city's ecology, build beautiful urban and rural areas, and serve the people's beautiful life.

Before the Spring Festival this year, President Xi Jinping pointed out during the inspection in Chengdu that Tianfu New District is an important node for the construction of the "Belt and Road Initiative" and the development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt. It is necessary to plan well and build well, especially to highlight the characteristics of the park city and take the ecological value into consideration, striving to create new growth poles and build an inland open economy highland.Building a park city with high standards, and using the world's vision and international standards to plan and build Tianfu New District in Chengdu, is with a sense of urgency, responsibility and mission.

Essentially, the basic concept of the park city is based on the ecological civilization strategy,the landscape architecture theory and the public interest, constructing the form and space pattern of garden city with the safe urban and rural natural ecological pattern, the beautiful landscape and garden environment, and the comfortable and livable living conditions. The park city is the new goal of the new era leading the urban construction and development, the realization approach of Beautiful China, the governance system of urban construction development and the ideal urban and rural living environment construction system, promoting urban development transformation and sound development.

Building a park city is not only a concept, but also an important construction practice.It requires us to establish a people-centered service idea and use park recreation as the basic public service of the city to meet the needs of the people's better life; urban and rural planning,main functional areas and ecological environmental protection are closely integrated to build urban and rural ecological security patterns and green ecological space systems; the urban-rural integration, and blue-green co-prosperous urban ecological civilization construction concepts should be established; park urban systems should be integrated into urban spatial patterns and the construction of the "ecology, living and production" system; and the consensus on urban and rural green ecological space coordination should be reached.

To realize the planning and coordination of green ecological space, we must first identify the green ecological spatial elements and their spatial distribution, which are important to the urban ecosystem service function and ecological environment, according to the concept of the life community of mountains, forests, rivers, and lakes, delineate the urban ecological control line,build an ecological green space network, coordinate and build a green ecological space system with complete system and urban and rural coordination. We should strengthen the planning and management and control of green ecological space, and control the development of urban sprawl and the continuous town clusters.

"Park City" is a new exploration. Building a park city requires a lot of theoretical innovation and practical innovation research. Theoretical innovation is aimed at the innovation of basic theories such as ecological civilization, ecological security pattern, urban green development and park city in the construction of park cities; planning innovation is to strengthen the planning and control of green ecological space at the municipal level, and the planning of urban and rural ecological control lines, including urban green space system, landscape recreation system planning, characteristic park town system planning. At the urban level, we should be innovative on urban green space system and urban and rural planning and other coordinated technical methods to strengthen urban ecological protection and construction of urban park system, park recreation and greenway, green line, ecological restoration, urban blue landscape space, and coordinated protection of nature reserves; standard innovation is aimed at the new requirements of park cities,updating existing standard systems such as landscape architecture and urban and rural planning,focusing on strengthening park city research and formulation of new standards related to urban evaluation, construction and inspection; management innovation is to strengthen urban and rural green ecological space planning and control, urban and rural ecological control lines and urban green line delineation and management, urban ecological network system and urban green space management, and the integrated control of urban city ecology, park recreation service and urban landscape pattern.

The concept of park city shows us a wonderful prospect for urban development. Can we make a hypothesis while studying the park city? A narrowly defined park city and its urban ecological network system can form a park city covering the urban administrative area; the park cities with multiple provincial administrative areas can be organically connected through the urban and rural ecological network system, and can form a provincial administrative area, the "park province"; when the "park provinces" are established in every provincial-level administrative region of China, and through the organic connection of the provincial ecological network system, this is exactly the time to realize the all land gardening in the country!