正常精子形态百分比对男性不育自然周期宫腔内人工授精的预测价值
2017-09-29黄立光张汉奎何茜冬张婷婷
唐 妍 黄立光 张汉奎 赵 晋 何茜冬 张婷婷 郑 妍
广东省中山市人民医院生殖医学中心(中山 528403)
正常精子形态百分比对男性不育自然周期宫腔内人工授精的预测价值
唐 妍 黄立光 张汉奎 赵 晋 何茜冬 张婷婷 郑 妍
广东省中山市人民医院生殖医学中心(中山 528403)
目的 探讨处理后精液参数对男性不育自然周期(natural cycle, NC)宫腔内人工授精(intrauterine insemination, IUI)的预测价值。方法 回顾性分析了181例(299个周期)因男方因素行NC-IUI助孕治疗患者的临床资料,将299个周期分为妊娠组(n=31)和无妊娠组(n=268),比较两组之间的差异,并采用ROC曲线分析其预测价值。结果 两组间比较,处理后正常形态精子百分比妊娠组显著高于无妊娠组[(8.3±3.3)%比(6.8±3.3)% ],差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);其余指标包括女方年龄、男方年龄、不孕年限、不孕类型、IUI日子宫内膜厚度以及处理后前向运动精子总数(postwashed total progressively motile sperm count,TPMSC)在两组间比较,差异均无统计学意义。ROC曲线分析结果显示处理后正常形态精子百分比用于预测男性不育NC-IUI妊娠结局有显著意义[曲线下面积为0.656(95%CI:0.563-0.749,P=0.004)]。进一步将所有周期按TPMSC≥10×106和<10×106进行分层分析。在TPMSC≥10×106组(n=191)中妊娠组处理后正常形态精子百分比(8.9±3.4)%高于无妊娠组(7.4±3.4)%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);在TPMSC<10×106组(n=108)中,处理后正常形态精子百分比在妊娠组与无妊娠组中比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。TPMSC在两组间比较,妊娠组显著高于无妊娠组,差异有统计学意义(7.3±1.4比6.1±1.9,P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析结果亦提示当TPMSC<10×106,处理后正常形态精子百分比用于预测男性不育NC-IUI妊娠结局无意义;而TPMSC却有意义[ROC曲线下面积为0.702(95%CI:0.565-0.839,P=0.029)]。结论 当TPMSC>10×106,处理后正常形态精子百分比是预测男性不育NCIUI妊娠结局的决定因素;但当TPMSC<10×106,处理后正常形态精子百分比与妊娠结局无关,TPMSC才是影响妊娠结局的重要参数。
不育, 男性; 授精,人工; 正常精子形态; 妊娠结局
宫腔内人工授精(intrauterine insemination, IUI)是最早应用于不孕症治疗的一种辅助生殖技术,也是最简单的一种。男性不育[1]是指夫妇未采取任何避孕措施,同居1年以上,由于男方因素造成女方不孕,是IUI的主要适应证之一。一直以来,IUI因其经济、有效且创伤小而被认为是辅助生殖技术中治疗男性不育的一线治疗方法[2-5]。据报道,在男性不育患者中,自然周期(natural cycle,NC)-IUI的妊娠率(pregnancy rate,PR)/周期从0~20.5%不等,而促排卵(controlled ovarian hyperstimulation,COH)COH-IUI的PR/周期从3.9%~13.6%不等[5]。影响IUI妊娠率的因素有很多,包括女方年龄、男方年龄、不孕年限、不孕类型、成熟卵泡数目、精液参数等[4,6-11]。然而由于各研究标准不一,研究对象异质性较大,也尚无定论。为了尽可能地排除干扰因素,本研究只选取了以男方因素为病因,且女方采用自然周期排卵的IUI周期进行回顾性分析,旨在探索影响男性不育NC-IUI妊娠率的相关因素。
资料和方法
一、研究对象
选取2010年1月至2016年7月在我中心因男性不育行夫精NC-IUI助孕治疗的患者共181例(299个周期)。所有患者夫妇双方均进行了不孕不育原因的相关筛查,包括妇科检查、阴道超声检查、输卵管检查、排卵监测、精液检查(至少2次)、性交后试验等,以明确不孕因素为男方精液液化异常或少、弱、畸形精子症或勃起障碍等性功能障碍。术前均按卫生部相关要求完善IUI前各项检查,具备IUI助孕治疗的适应证,无禁忌证。
二、IUI治疗及随访
采用NC-IUI。于周期第10天开始采用阴道B超隔天或每天监测卵泡发育,当卵泡直径≥14mm时,联合尿LH板监测LH水平,必要时抽血监测血清LH水平。根据卵泡大小及血清LH、E2、P的水平决定是否需要注射HCG扳机和IUI时机。如IUI当日子宫内膜<7mm,则取消周期。IUI当日男方在医院内手淫取精,精液处理采用上游法或梯度离心法。分别记录处理前、后的精液参数, 包括体积、浓度、前向运动精子百分比、正常形态精子百分比等。将处理后精子悬液采用人工授精管注入宫腔内, 完成IUI。术后患者平卧半小时后无不适离院。IUI术后14~16d查尿或血hCG,如阳性则于2周后行阴道超声检查,如宫腔内见孕囊提示临床妊娠。
三、统计学方法
采用SPSS 16.0统计软件(Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 16.0)进行数据统计分析。计量资料以均数±标准差(x±s)表示,采用Mann-Whitney U检验;计数资料以百分率(%)表示,采用x2检验。以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。 采用ROC曲线分析处理后正常形态精子百分比对男性不育NC-IUI妊娠结局的诊断价值。处理后前向运动精子总数(postwashed total progressively motile sperm count,TPMSC)=处理后精液的体积×浓度×前向运动精子百分比。
结 果
299个周期中,31个周期妊娠,每周期临床妊娠率为10.4%。根据IUI后是否妊娠,将299个周期分为两组:妊娠组(n=31)和无妊娠组(n=268),分别比较了两组间的女方年龄、男方年龄、不孕年限、不孕类型、IUI日子宫内膜厚度以及TPMSC。在妊娠组中,处理后正常形态精子百分比显著高于无妊娠组[(8.3±3.3)%比(6.8±3.3)%],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);除此之外,其余指标在两组间比较,差异均无统计学意义(见表1)。进一步采用ROC曲线分析处理后正常形态精子百分比对男性不育NCIUI妊娠结局的诊断价值,结果显示ROC曲线下面积为0.656(95%CI:0.563-0.749,P=0.004),表明处理后正常形态精子百分比用于预测男性不育NC-IUI妊娠结局有显著意义,处理后正常形态精子百分比越大,则妊娠可能性越高。当截断点为5.75时,灵敏度与特异度之和最大(敏感度为80.6%,特异度为45.1%)(见图1)。
表1 两组患者一般情况、周期情况及处理后精液参数比较
图1 ROC曲线
考虑到TPMSC可能会影响处理后正常形态精子百分比对男性不育NC-IUI妊娠结局的诊断价值,我们以10×106为界值,将所有周期按TPMSC≥10×106和<10×106进一步进行分层分析。在TPMSC≥10×106组中,共191个周期,其中20个周期妊娠,每周期妊娠率为10.5%,妊娠组与无妊娠组比较,两组TPMSC差异无统计学意义,然而妊娠组处理后正常形态精子百分比为(8.9±3.4)%,显著高于无妊娠组(7.4±3.4)%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在TPMSC<10×106组中,共108个周期,其中11个周期妊娠,每周期妊娠率为10.2%,处理后正常形态精子百分比在妊娠组与无妊娠组中比较,差异无统计学意义,但是TPMSC在两组间比较,妊娠组(7.3±1.4)%显著高于无妊娠组(6.1±1.9)%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)(见表2)。ROC曲线分析结果显示:当TPMSC≥10×106,处理后正常形态精子百分比用于预测男性不育NC-IUI妊娠结局有显著意义,ROC曲线下面积为0.649(95%CI:0.542~0.755,P=0.029),但是当TPMSC<10×106,处理后正常形态精子百分比用于预测男性不育NCIUI妊娠结局无意义(P=0.075);而TPMSC却有意义[ROC曲线下面积为0.702(95%CI:0.565~0.839,P=0.029)],当截断点为6.139×106时,灵敏度与特异度之和最大(敏感度为81.8%,特异度为58.8%)。
表2 两组患者处理后精液参数在TPMSC≥10×106和<10×106中的分层比较
讨 论
精液参数,尤其是处理后的精液参数在预测IUI妊娠结局方面有一定的意义。精子形态作为精液参数的重要组成部分,也是衡量男性生育力的最好指标之一[12,13],然而关于其是否可以用来预测IUI妊娠结局则颇有争议。有学者认为其可以作为IUI妊娠结局的一个预测因子[14-20],然而也有学者认为两者之间并无关联[17,21-23]。我们的研究结果显示299个男性不育NC-IUI,妊娠组与无妊娠组比较,处理后正常形态精子百分比是唯一一个在两组间差异有统计学意义的指标,且ROC曲线分析也显示处理后正常形态精子百分比用于预测男性不育NC-IUI妊娠结局有显著意义,百分比越大,则妊娠可能性越高。当截断点为5.75时,灵敏度与特异度之和最大(敏感度为80.6%,特异度为45.1%)。
在我们将所有周期按TPMSC≥10×106和<10×106进一步进行分层分析,类似的结果仅出现于TPMSC≥10×106时,当TPMSC<10×106,处理后正常形态精子百分比在妊娠组及无妊娠组中比较差异无统计学意义,而TPMSC在两组间比较差异却有统计学意义。ROC曲线分析结果也同样提示当TPMSC<10×106,TPMSC用于预测男性不育NC-IUI妊娠结局有意义,处理后正常形态精子百分比无意义。据我们所知,之前未见类似结果报道。我们分析其原因主要是因为研究方法和研究对象的不同所致。在大部分文献中,均先将TPMSC或正常形态精子百分比进行分组,再比较其妊娠结局的差别,从而导致不同文献,分组不同结论不同。且诸多文献中研究对象不仅仅是男方因素的患者,还包括女方因素所致、双方因素及不明原因不孕的患者。在我们的研究中,则是通过比较妊娠组与无妊娠组之间的差别,来探讨影响IUI妊娠结局的相关因素,与Akl等报道[16]类似,精子形态是预测男性不育NC-IUI妊娠结局的决定性因素。且在本研究中,我们仅纳入了因男方因素而行IUI治疗的患者作为研究对象,同Badawy等[15]的观点一致,我们认为这样可以排除女方因素对妊娠结局的影响,此外不同于其他大多数文献,我们仅分析了NC-IUI治疗的周期,而排除了促排卵周期,目的是为了排除促排卵方案以及促排后的卵泡数目对妊娠结局的影响,我们认为这样可以在一个同质群体采用同一治疗模式下探讨精液参数对IUI妊娠结局的影响,从而得到更真实的结论。
综上,我们认为从整体来看,当TPMSC>10×106,处理后正常形态精子百分比是预测男性不育NC-IUI妊娠结局的决定因素;但当TPMSC<10×106,处理后正常形态精子百分比与妊娠结局无关,TPMSC才是影响妊娠结局的重要参数。该结论对于指导临床来说有一定的参考价值,但尚需更多临床研究来证实。
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(2017-03-01收稿)
Efficacy of post-wash normal sperm morphology percentage in predicting pregnancy of intrauterine insemination for male subfertility in natural cycle
Tang Yan, Huang Liguang, Zhang Hankui, Zhao Jin, He Qiandong, Zhang Tingting, Zheng Yan
Center of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Zhongshan City People's Hospital, Zhongshan 528403, China
Objective To investigate the efficacy of post-wash normal sperm morphology percentage in predicting of intrauterine insemination (IUI) for male subfertility in natural cycle (NC). Methods The data of 299 cycles performed in 181 couples with male subfertility were retrospectively analyzed. The differences between pregnancy group and no pregnancy group were compared. The ROC curve was used to evaluate the ability of a variable to predict pregnancy after an IUI cycle. Results Pregnancy occurred in 31 IUI cycles. Post-wash normal sperm morphology percentage of pregnancygroup (n=31) was higher than that of no pregnancy group (n=268) [(8.3±3.3)% vs (6.8±3.3)%, P=0.004]. Other parameters including female age, male age, duration of infertility, type of infertility, the thickness of endometrium on the day of IUI and the postwashed total progressively motile sperm count (TPMSC), showed no differences between these two groups. The ROC curve revealed that post-wash normal sperm morphology percentage had better prognostic potency for predicting pregnancy of IUI for male subfertilty in NC (the area under the curve was 0.656 (95% CI: 0.563-0.749,P=0.004). Further analyses between pregnancy group and no pregnancy group were done in group of TPMSC≥10×106and <10×106. In the group of TPMSC≥10×106, similar results were observed (post-wash normal sperm morphology percentage: pregnancy group vs. no pregnancy group: [(8.9±3.4)% vs. (7.4±3.4)%, P=0.028]. However, in the group of TPMSC <10×106, no difference were observed in post-wash normal sperm morphology percentage between pregnancy group and no pregnancy group (P>0.05) , while with regard to TPMSC, significant difference was showed. The TPMSC was higher in the pregnancy group (7.3±1.4 vs. 6.1±1.9, P=0.029). The ROC curve also revealed that when TPMSC <10×106, the TPMSC had better prognostic potency for predicting pregnancy (the area under the curve was 0.702 (95%CI: 0.565-0.839, P=0.029) rather than post-wash normal sperm morphology percentage. Conclusion For the group as a whole, the post-wash normal sperm morphology percentage is a determining factor for predicting pregnancy of IUI for male subfertility in NC. However, when TPMSC<10×106, rather than post-wash normal sperm morphology percentage, TPMSC is the determining factor related to the pregnancy outcome indeed. Further studies are required.
infertility, male; Insemination, Artificial; normal sperm morphology; pregnancy outcome
10.3969/j.issn.1008-0848.2017.04.005
R 698.2