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阴道气囊助产300例临床分析

2017-09-14杜雪莲雷迅何间秀

中国实用医药 2017年24期
关键词:产程剖宫产

杜雪莲+雷迅+何间秀

【摘要】 目的 探讨阴道气囊助产对产程、产后出血、新生儿窒息、剖宫产及会阴侧切的影响。方法 600例产妇作为研究对象, 随机分为观察组与对照组, 每组300例。观察组采用阴道气囊助产, 对照组未做阴道气囊助产。对比两组的产程、产后出血、新生儿窒息、剖宫产及会阴侧切情况。结果 观察组产妇第一产程和第二产程时间均明显短于对照组, 差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。两组产后2 h出血量和新生儿窒息情况比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组剖宫产率为22.67%, 低于对照组的42.33%, 差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组会阴侧切率为32.67%, 低于对照组的70.00%, 差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 阴道气囊助产较常规分娩方式有明显的优越性, 是一种安全、简单、有效的助产技术。

【关键词】 阴道气囊助产;产程;剖宫产;会阴侧切

DOI:10.14163/j.cnki.11-5547/r.2017.24.019

【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the effect of vaginal gasbag midwifery on stages of labor, postpartum hemorrhage, neonatal asphyxia, caesarean section and episiotomy. Methods A total of 600 puerpera as study subjects were randomly divided into observation group and control group, with 300 cases in each group. The observation group received vaginal gasbag midwifery, and the control group received no vaginal gasbag midwifery. Comparison were made on stages of labor, postpartum hemorrhage, neonatal asphyxia, caesarean section and episiotomy situation in two groups. Results The observation group had obviously shorter duration of first and second stage of labor than the control group, and their difference had statistical significance (P<0.01). Both groups had no statistically significant difference in 2 h postpartum bleeding volume and and neonatal asphyxia (P>0.05). The observation group had lower incidence of caesarean section as 22.67% than 42.33% in the control group, and the difference had statistical significance (P<0.05). The observation group had lower episiotomy rate as 32.67% than 70.00% in the control group, and the difference had statistical significance (P<0.05). Conclusion Vaginal gasbag midwifery is superior to routine delivery mode, and it is a safe, simple and effective delivery midwifery technique.

【Key words】 Vaginal gasbag midwifery; Stages of labor; Caesarean section; Episiotomy

由于居高的剖宫产率并没有降低围生儿的死亡率和母婴并发症, 反而增加了母儿的相关并发症。因此, 降低剖宫产, 促进阴道分娩已成为产科关注的重点, 有文献报道, 气囊助产能明显缩短产程, 提高阴道分娩率, 大大减少会阴侧切率、产后出血率和新生儿窒息率[1, 2]。另有文献表明, 气囊助产能明显缩短产程, 但是对产后出血和新生儿窒息率没有明显的影响[3]。本文对本院开展的阴道气囊助产做一总结分析。

1 资料与方法

1. 1 一般资料 选取2012年1~2月收入本院产科的产妇600例作为研究对象, 均为初产妇、年龄18~32岁、单胎、头位、孕周37~41+5周。600例產妇随机分为观察组与对照组, 每组300例。纳入标准:无严重的阴道炎、头盆不称及严重合并症的初产妇;行阴道气囊助产者经签署知情同意书要求行阴道气囊单扩助产, 在宫口开大5 cm, 先露在0~+1, 未破膜者先人工破膜, 实施阴道气囊助产, 全过程持续胎心音监护。

1. 2 仪器与方法 观察组采用阴道气囊助产, 对照组未做阴道气囊助产。

1. 2. 1 仪器 使用淄博科创医疗仪器有限公司生产的KCB-1 型全自动仿生助产仪。

1. 2. 2 方法 产妇取膀胱截石位, 碘伏消毒外阴、阴道, 助手打开仪器电源, 选择自动菜单, 施术者检查气囊是否漏气, 将无菌气囊置入先露下1 cm处, 开始充气, 气囊直径在5~8 cm时分别停留1 min及3~5 min, 总计时间8~10 min/次, 做2次, 然后将气囊置于阴道下段(气囊下缘在阴道口内)再做一次。endprint

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