Lycee Schorge中学西非布基纳法索库杜古

2017-09-07

世界建筑导报 2017年4期

关键词：布基纳法索红土牙科

Lycee Schorge Secondary School Koudougou , Burkina Faso, West Africa

草图 sketch

Lycée Schorge中学位于布基纳法索第三人口大市。该校将为该地区树立卓越教育的新标准，还将为工程建造提供一种新的思路，即以一种创新和现代化的方式在当地获取建筑材料。

该设计将学校分为9大单元，以容纳一排排教室和行政办公室。其中一个单元还有一个牙科诊室，将为学生提供新的牙科护理。

这些单元的墙壁由当地的红土石制成。红土石刚出土时很容易切割并制成砖块。当红土石与空气接触后，就会开始变硬。红土石的热质量优异，作为教室墙壁材料效果很好。红土石墙壁加上独特的集风塔和外悬屋顶，大幅降低了教室内的温度。

另一个有助于实现自然通风并提供室内光源的重要设计就是开阔的波状天花板。灰泥和混凝土构件的波纹状造型之间稍有错位，这样可促进室内空间的透气性并可将滞留的高温空气排出室外。天花板的灰白颜色可以漫反射并分散间接光照，可以在白天提供充足的光照，同时避免阳光直接射入教室内。

木隔板将教室环绕起来，就像一个透明的织物。这种教室的第二层外表面由当地生长迅速的木材制成，将教室周围的空间遮蔽了起来。这种木隔板不仅可以保护由泥土建造的教室，防止腐蚀性灰尘和风，还可以为等待上课的学生创造一系列附属的日常活动空间。

为了最大化地利用运送到学校的材料，学校使用当地的硬木和主建筑完工后剩下的材料，如屋顶用剩的废钢料，制造教室内的用具。这样一来，通过减少增加建造成本的废料，使得学校的建设更加经济。

教室区域的放射状布局以一个中央公共院落为中心，营造出了一种自治型“村落”状态。这种布局不仅可以在主要公共区域营造隐私空间，还可以保护院落内部免受风和灰尘的影响。院落中央这种圆形剧场型的布局可以为学校乃至整个社区的非正式聚会以及正式集会和庆祝活动提供场所。

整体来看，这种设计最重要的一个目标就是为学生、教职工和周边的社区成员提供灵感之源。该校不仅成为了当地的地标建筑，也表明了，将当地材料与创造力和团队合作结合起来可以创造出具有重要意义的建筑，产生深远、持久的影响。

Located in the third most populated city in Burkina Faso, the Lycée Schorge Secondary School will not only set a new standard for educational excellence in the region, it will also provide a source of inspiration by showcasing locally-sourced building materials in an innovative and modern way.

The design for the school consists of 9 modules which accommodate a series of classrooms and administration rooms. One of these modules also houses a dental clinic which will provide a new source of dental care for the students. The walls of these modules are made from locally-harvested laterite stone, which, when first extracted from the earth, can be easily cut and shaped into bricks. When the stone is left exposed to the atmosphere above ground, it begins to harden. The material functions really well as a wall system for the classrooms because of its thermal mass capabilities. This, in combination with the unique wind-catching towers and overhanging roofs, lowers the temperature of the interior spaces exponentially.

Another major factor that helps to naturally ventilate and illuminate the interiors is a massive undulating ceiling. The wave-like pattern of plaster and concrete components are slightly offset from each other, allowing the interior space to breathe and expel hot stagnant air. The off-white color of the ceiling serves to diffuse and spread around indirect daylight,providing ample illumination during the day while keeping the interior learning space protected from direct solar heat gain.

Wrapping around these classrooms like a transparent fabric is a system of wooden screens. This secondary façade is made from a local fast-growing wood and acts as a shading element for the spaces immediately surrounding the classrooms. The screens not only function to protect the earthen classrooms from corroding dust and winds, they also help to create a series of secondary informal gathering spaces for the students as they wait to attend their classes.

In order to maximize the material transported to the site, the school furniture inside the classrooms is made from local hardwoods and leftover elements from the main building construction such as steel scraps from the roof. In this way, the economy of the building is extended by reducing waste adding additional value to the cost of construction.

Creating a sort of autonomous ‘village’ condition, the radial layout of classroom modules wrap around a central public courtyard. This configuration not only creates privacy from the main public domain, it also shelters and protects the inner courtyard from wind and dust. An ampitheater-like condition at the center of the courtyard will accommodate informal gatherings as well as formal assemblies and celebrations for the school and community as a whole.

Overall, one of the most important goals of the design is to serve as a catalyst for inspiration for the students, teaching staff, and surrounding community members. The architecture not only functions as a marker in the landscape, it is also a testament to how local materials, in combination with creativity and team-work, can be transformed into something significant with profound lasting effects.