市域轨道交通的技术发展理念

仲建华

（中国城市轨道交通协会专家和学术委员会执行副主任，教授级高级工程师）

市域轨道交通的技术发展理念

仲建华

（中国城市轨道交通协会专家和学术委员会执行副主任，教授级高级工程师）

随着大城市的组团式发展和郊区卫星城的兴起，市域轨道交通已成为我国城市轨道交通领域中很重要的研究课题。以前往往采取将市中心的地铁制式延伸到远郊区的做法，很少采用市域轨道交通类型；近年来通过调研发现，很多城市普遍存在中心区和郊区之间的交通不畅，而发展市域轨道交通是解决这一问题的有效途径。

通常狭义的市域轨道交通是指采用轮轨制式的，主要连接都市中心区和郊区的，为通勤、通学、商务等服务的交通工具。广义的市域轨道交通则是介于中心城区轨道交通与城际铁路之间的一种交通类型，可以是传统的钢轮钢轨制式，也可以是单轨、磁浮系统等制式。

由于目前市域轨道交通对于行车密度的要求还不高，因此适合采用先进的运营组织技术来实现互联互通的过轨运营。但要实现这一运输组织方式，在市域轨道交通线网规划时，就必须跳出城市轨道交通单线独立运营的线网规划思路，而应抓住市域轨道交通作为线网平台的技术特点，实现城际铁路网络、市域轨道交通和中心城区轨道交通系统的“三网融合”。具体而言，可以有以下三种方案：一是市域轨道交通与左侧行车方式的城际铁路互联互通，并与中心城区城市轨道交通线路可以换乘；二是市域轨道交通与右侧行车方式的中心城区城市轨道交通线路互联互通，并与城际铁路换乘；三是市域轨道交通线网独立运营，与中心城区城市轨道交通线路、城际铁路实现换乘。

虽然市域轨道交通目前在我国尚无完备的标准体系，但近年来相关机构对此相当重视，并出台了若干单项标准。其中包括：①中国土木工程学会的团体标准《市域快速轨道交通设计规范》；②国家的行业标准《城市轨道交通市域快线（120～160 km/h）车辆通用技术条件》；③中国铁道学会的团体标准《市域铁路设计规范》。但这三项市域轨道交通技术标准仅是从设计和车辆角度制订的，因此存在一定的局限性。

正在制订的中国城市轨道交通协会的团体标准《市域快轨交通技术规范》（以下简称《技术规范》），是一部综合性技术标准，拟在既有标准基础上，按照“全覆盖”和构建互联互通线网技术平台的要求，制订出市域轨道交通的技术规范。其主要特点为：对各类城市和地域的全覆盖；对各类车型的全覆盖；对多种运营模式的全覆盖；对技术发展和项目管理的全覆盖；对轨道交通发展各阶段的全覆盖。

根据我国市域轨道交通的建设目标，既要实现“低客流量”和“高旅行速度”条件下的“低建设投资”和“低运营成本”，又要实现在综合交通体系中足以吸引客流的“高便捷性服务标准”，那么，“互联互通网络化运营”就是必须采用的关键措施之一。唯有这样，才能实现“资源共享”，使服务范围和运营效益最大化，同时提高服务水平。

With the cluster development of large cities and the rise of suburban satellite towns,the city field rail transit has become a very important research topic in the urban mass transit(UMT)field in China.In the past,such an approach was often adopted that the city center metro system would be extended to far suburbs.The city field rail transit mode was seldom adopted.In recent years,it has been found by investigating that many cities generally have traffic problems between city center areas and suburban areas,and developing the city field railtransitis an effective way to solve these problems.

Generally,the city field rail transit in the narrow sense refers to adopting the wheel-rail mode,mainly connecting city center areas with suburban areas as means of transportation for commuting to work,commuting to learn,business and other services.

The city field rail transit in the broad sense is a type of traffic between city center rail transit and intercity railways,which could be a traditional wheel-railmode,or also a monorailmode,maglev mode and other mode,etc.

Because the requirements for the traffic density of the city field rail transit is not so high,it is suitable to use advanced operation organization technology to realize the interconnection run-through operation.But in order to realize this transportation organization mode,when the city field rail transit line-network is planned,it is a must to jump out of the line-network planning idea of the single-line independent operation of the urban rail transit.And the technical characteristics of the city field rail transit as a line-network platform should be grasped,so as to realize the"three-network integration"of the intercity railway network,the city field rail transit system and the center city rail transit system.Specifically,there are the following three options.The first is that the city field rail transit realizes interconnection with intercity railways in mode of left-hand running,and can transfer with city center rail transit lines.The second is that the city field rail transit realizes interconnection with the city center rail transit in mode of right-hand running,and can transfer with intercity railway lines.The third is that the city field rail transit line-network implements independentoperation,and can transfer with the city center railtransit lines and the intercity railway lines.

Although there is no complete standard system of the city field rail transit at present in China,in recent years,the relevant institutions have paid considerable attention to it and a number of individual standards have been published.They include:1.The Group Standards:“The Design Code of the City Field Rapid Rail Transit”issued by the Chinese Civil Society.2.The National Industry Standards:"The General Technology Conditions of City Field Express Line(120～160 km/h)Vehicles of Urban Rail Transit".3.The Group Standards:"The City Field Railways’Design Code"issued by China Railway Association.However,these 3 technical standards of the city field rail transit are only formulated from the points of view of designs and vehicles,so for them, there are some limitations.

“The Technical Specifications of City Field Rapid Rail Transit”(hereinafter referred to as"The Technical Specifications"),the group standards of China Association of Metros that are now being formulated,are a volume of comprehensive technical standards. On the basis of existing standards,and in accordance with the"full coverage"and the requirements of constructing the interconnection line-network technology development concept,“The Technical Specifications”will be formulated.Its main features are:fully covering all types of cities and regions,fully covering various types of train models,fully covering various operation modes,fully covering technical development and project management at all stages,and fully covering all stages of rail transit development.

In accordance with the construction goal of China's city field rail transit,in order to both realize"low construction investment" and"low operating cost"required by sustainable development under the conditions of"low passenger flow"and"high travel speed", and realize the"high-convenience service standard"that is enough to attract passenger flow in the integrated transportation system, it is one of the most crucial measures to adopt"interconnection networking operation".Only in this way can the"resource sharing" be realized,making the service scope and operating benefits maximization and improving the service level at the same time.

（Translated by SUN Zheng）

Technology Development Concept of the City Field Rail Transit

ZHONG Jianhua
（Executive Deputy Director of Experts and Academics Committee of China Association of Metros）