浅谈英语强调结构
2017-07-14毛秀军
毛秀军
英语句有时为了突出句子的某成分以加强语气,采用一定的句子结构,我们称此结构为强调结构。笔者结合多年的教学,概括分类强调结构如下:
一、普通强调句型
用 “It is (was)+被强调部分+that(who)+其余部分”结构。强调部分指人用that或who,指其它成分用that。如:I saw Tom in Wuxi yesterday. 可用下面四句分别强调句中的主语、宾语和状语。
1) It was I who/that saw Tom in Wuxi yesterday.
2) It was Tom who/that I saw in Wuxi yesterday.
3) It was in Wuxi that I saw Tom yesterday.
4) It was yesterday that I saw Tom in Wuxi .
再看下列例句:
主语 It was he who solved the problem.是他解决此问题。
地点状语 It was in Greece that Olympic Games started.奥运会开始于希腊。
原因状语 Its because of the quality that he sells his goods.就是质量使他的货物销售出去。
宾语 It was food that she needed. 她需要的是食物。
当然,此句型不能强调动词。
二、加助动词
在动词前加助动词do (does,did),也是强调的一种方法。理解成“一定”、“千萬”、“务必”、“确实”等。
1) Do be careful when you drive on your way .你路上开车务必要小心。
2) She did come yesterday.昨天她确实来过。
3) Do give me just ten dollars!真的给我十美元就够了!
4) Who did give me assistance?谁真的援助过我?
注:1. 陈述句中助动词do按人称和时态变化后,其后的动词不再变化。
2.祈使句中强调动词一律用do,不用did 或does.
3. 陈述句中用do(does,did)只强调实义动词,不适用be形式。如:I do be clever. (错) Im really clever.(对)
三、倒装句
以倒装句方式强调全句的某一部分,被强调部分放到句首。翻译这类句子,须先译强调部分,或加适当的汉字表达出强调的意味。
1.强调宾语
1) Not a word did he say.他一句话也没有说。
2) Such a good magazine never have I seen.这么好的杂志我从未见过。
2.强调表语
1) Mighty is the man who conquers himself最坚强的就是战胜自己的人。
2) So friendly were his words that she was moved.他如此亲切的话让她感动。
3.强调状语
1) Here comes the devil.说曹操曹操就到。
2) In the corner sat a lady.角落里坐着个女士。
3) On no occasion has he disregarded my right.他绝没有忽视我的权利。
4.以seldom,never,no sooner,not only等否定副词开头的句子。
1) Not only did she lose her work,but she was in danger.她既丢了工作,又面临危险。
2) No sooner had I entered the room than the phone rang.我刚进房间,电话就响起。
四、What引导的名词性从句
1. What we lack is patience.我们缺少的是耐心。
2. What she needs is love.她需要的是爱。
3. What surprised me was his performance.让我惊奇的是他的表现。
4. What hurt him most was his coldness.最让他伤心的是他的漠然。
五、用程度副词
有些副词本身表示程度的增强,如much,really,terribly等。
1. He is much the best student in his school.他是他学校最优秀的学生。
2. The views are really wonderful.风景的确很美。
3. It was terribly cold in Russia.俄罗斯天气极冷。
六、用ever, even,very等词
1. When ever will you see my mom? 你究竟何时去看妈?
2. Even a kid can know it. 甚至孩子能懂。
3. This is the very toy I want to buy.这正是我想买的玩具。
综上所述,英语句子使用强调结构可达到极好的表达效果。
参考文献:
[1]郭凤高.英语语法实践指南[M].复旦大学出版社.
[2]薄冰.实用英语语法[M].山西教育出版社.