非谓语动词的五个常考易混结构

吴荣华

考点1. 习惯做某事

⑴be/get used to doing sth. 习惯做某事

⑵used to do sth.过去常常做某事

⑶be used to do sth.被用来做某事

（2011广东卷写作）As a child， he never left his parents， so he didnt get used to dealing with everything in school independently. 小时候他从来没有离开过父母，因此他不习惯独立处理学校的各种事务。

（2006广东卷写作）It used to take several days to hear from each other， but now it takes only several minutes， even if they are in two different continents. 过去要花几天时间收到对方来信，但是现在只要几分钟，即使是在两个不同的洲。

（2014广州一模写作）White Tea is good for health if drunk frequently and can be used to prevent disease like high blood pressure and help relieve the pain of toothache and fever. 常饮白茶有益健康，白茶可用来预防高血压等疾病，还可以减轻牙疼和减少发烧。

即时练习：

①（2010深圳二模语法填空）Trevor used it to get to work， and also the bike was used ______（get） groceries， saving us from having to walk long distances from where we live.

②（2015山东德州一模语法填空） We are used to ______ （make） excuses， which leaves no room for the other person to forgive us.

③（2016全国Ⅰ卷短文改错）Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables and high quality oil are using for cooking.

④（2013全国Ⅰ卷短文改错）She used to holding me on her knees and sing old songs.

⑤（2014江西卷写作）I ____________________to achieve my academic goals. 我过去常常尝试一些有效的方法来实现我的学习目标。

⑥（2001全国卷写作）I dont know about others， but I _____________________________（过去在周末不得不学习） doing endless homework and attending classes as well.

考点2. 尽力做某事

⑴try our best to do sth. 尽力做某事

⑵do whatever/what/all/everything we can to do sth. 盡力做某事

⑶make every effort to do sth. 尽一切努力做某事

⑷spare no effort to do sth. 不遗余力做某事

⑸take pains to do sth. 努力做某事

（2012湖南卷写作）From this unusual experience， I learn that we should be thankful to those who always do good deeds and also be ready to do what we can to help others. 从这次不寻常的经历中，我认识到我们应该感谢那些做好事的人，也应乐于尽力帮助别人。

（2013福建卷写作）And parents are always making every effort to create a comfortable environment for their children， but unfortunately， they have forgotten a fact that no one can grow up without experiencing pains and difficulties. 父母总是尽力为孩子们创造一种舒服的环境，但不幸的是，他们忘记了一个事实：没有人能够不经历痛苦和困难而成长。

（2015福建连城一中模拟写作）Besides， it takes constant efforts to make our dreams come true， so it is of much importance for us to make the most of our time and try our best to accumulate more knowledge and strengthen our abilities in every aspect. 此外，让我们梦想成真需要不断的努力，因此充分利用时间、努力积累更多知识、增强我们各方面的能力对我们相当重要。

（2015福建卷写作）The moral of the story is that we should spare no effort to acquire knowledge and never get discouraged easily no matter how difficult the situation may be. 这个故事的寓意是，我们应该不遗余力地获取知识，不管多么困难的情况下，决不轻易气馁。

即時练习：

①（2014福建卷语法填空） Its a good feeling to know in our hearts we are doing our______（good） in a world that is in serious trouble.

②（2014广州二模语法填空）But she thinks the café should make more effort ________（convince） people that their donations will really reach those people truly in need.

③（2012大纲卷短文改错）Every one of us can make a great efforts to cut down the use of energy in our country.

④（2001全国卷短文改错）My parents love me dearly of course and will do all they can make sure that I get a good education.

⑤（2013北京卷满分作文）To achieve ones dream， one must ___________________________（努力使自己具备丰富的知识）and set a goal easy to reach.

⑥（2012山东淄博一模写作）We hope that we will be a civilized student， _____________（做我们应该做的事），and __________________________（做尽可能多的事）to build our school into a harmonious campus.

⑦（2015福建卷写作）_____________________ and get prepared for the future.我们应该刻苦学习来提高自己并且为未来做准备。

考点3. 花费时间/金钱做某事

⑴sb. spend time/money （in） doing sth.=devote time/money to doing sth. （某人）花费时间/金钱做某事

⑵it takes sb. time/money to do sth. 花费某人时间/金钱做某事

⑶sth. cost sb. time/money 某物/某事花费某人时间/金钱

⑷sb. pay money for sth./to do sth. 某人花费金钱做某事

⑸sb. waste time/money （in） doing sth. （某人）浪费时间/金钱做某事

（2015全国II卷写作）Well also spend some fun time together singing， dancing and playing games， which we hope will make them happy. 我们也会一起度过快乐时光，唱歌、跳舞、做游戏，希望这会让他们高兴。

（2010浙江卷写作）Besides， she often devotes her spare time to helping others. She deserves the honor and we should learn from her. 此外，她经常利用空闲时间帮助别人。她应得这个荣誉，我们应该向她学习。

（2011上海卷写作）Secondly，I will buy some tools to help them repair their school buildings， desks and chairs. This will cost me 1，000 yuan. 第二，我将买一些工具帮助他们修理学校建筑和课桌椅。这要花费我1000元。

（2014全国新课标Ⅰ卷写作）Id also like to know how much I have to pay for the course and whether accommodation is included. 我也想知道要付多少钱学这个课程，住宿费是否包括在内。

即时练习：

①（2014全国新课标I卷语法填空） It took years of work____________（reduce） the industrial pollution and clean the water.

②（2015广州一模语法填空）Williams would often spend weeks ________（decide） how a character should sound and this “voice” determined his approach to each role.

③（2015四川卷短文改错）Weve been spending a lot of time sing in karaoke bars.

④（2013辽宁卷短文改错）Mr. Johnson is a hardworking teacher. Every day， he spends too much time with his work.

⑤（2008辽宁卷短文改错）Last Saturday， the class that I was in held a get-together， which took us a long time prepare.

⑥（2009福建泉州质检写作）I ______________________

_____________________________（课外花了很多时间阅读英语报纸和杂志），which helps to improve my English.

⑦（2012年广州一模满分作文）30% of the students said they spent___________________________________（花了大部分时间与父母一起走亲访友）during the 2012 Spring Festival while 25% went traveling with their classmates or parents. The rest devoted___________________________________________（花了大部分时间做功课）during the holiday. As for me， it took __________________________________________（花了我将近一周时间参加家庭聚会）， as it is a traditional custom in China.

考点4. 做某事有困难/很开心/很成功

⑴have difficulty/trouble/a hard time（in）doing sth. 做某事有困难

⑵have fun doing sth. 做某事很开心

⑶succeed in doing sth. 做某事很成功

（2011山东卷写作）What worries me a lot is that I am really having trouble in collecting information and using the language. 令我担心的是，我在收集信息和使用语言方面有困难。

（2005浙江卷写作）Chinese students celebrate their birthdays in different ways， but the most common way is to have fun drinking， singing and dancing. 中国学生用不同的方式庆祝生日，但最常见的方式是通过饮酒、唱歌和跳舞来取乐。

（2014广东卷写作）With the help of local media， so far he has succeeded in finding 32 twins， including 17 males and 15 females coming from 13 countries. 在当地媒体的帮助下，到目前为止，他已经成功地找到了32个同年同月同日生的人，包括来自13个国家的17个男性，15个女性。

即时练习：

①（2016成都七中高三上期中）At the start， they had great difficulty________（establish） the organization.

②（2016陕西武功县高三摸底）However， I have some trouble ________（collect）the materials relevant and using the language.

③（2011四川卷短文改错）Tom was having much troubles getting up in the Morning and was always late for work.

④（2007年福建卷短文改错）Though I had difficulty walk back to my classroom， I still didnt tell anyone and even refused the offer of help of my classmates.

⑤（2008山东卷写作）I know you are now _____________

_______________________________（与别人交流有困难）， and you may often feel lonely.

⑥（1998全国卷写作）After a short rest， we ____________

___________________________（愉快地唱歌跳舞），telling jokes or stories.

⑦（2015山西质监写作）Im sure we will ______________

_____________________（欣赏节目很开心） and will be inspired to learn English better.

考點5. 值得做某事

⑴be（well）worth doing（很）值得做某事

⑵be worthy of being done=be worthy to be done值得做某事

⑶It is worthwhile to do/doing. 做某事是值得的

（2015浙江卷写作）Good opinions are worth sticking to because they can benefit us all. 好的观点值得坚持因为他们对我们有益。

（2012江苏泰州调研写作）However， not every book is worthy of being read because some books may mislead readers. 然而，不是每一本书值得一读，因为有些本可能会误导读者。

（2010广东揭阳梅州二联写作）Therefore， good relationship between teachers and students is worthwhile for everyone to cherish. 因此，师生之间的良好关系值得每一个人珍惜。

即时练习：

①（2008重庆卷短文改错）And there are many meaningful things that are worth think of， such as the relationship between parents and children in a lot of American families.

②（2008年湖南卷写作）Thomas Edison was once thought to be a boy ________________（不值得教育的）. In fact， he was a man full of imagination.

③（2015中山模擬写作）I think he is not only admirable but also____________________（值得学习） as he is a strong-minded man who has devoted himself to achieving his childhood dream.

④（2007江苏卷写作）Although we take an hour a day for exercise， __________________（这是值得的）.

参考答案

考点1：

①to get ②making ③using →used ④holding → hold

⑤ used to try effective methods

⑥ used to have to work even at weekends

考点2：

①best ②to convince ③efforts—effort ④can后加to

⑤make great efforts to equip oneself with rich knowledge

⑥do all （that） we should do；do as much as we can

⑦We should take pains to improve ourselves through learning

考点3：

①to reduce

②deciding ③sing→singing ④with→on ⑤在time后加to

⑥spend much time reading English newspapers and magazines after class

⑦most of their time with their parents，visiting their relatives and friends， most of the time to doing their lessons，me nearly a week to attend family parties

考点4：

①establishing ②collecting ③改troubles→trouble

④walk→walking

⑤having trouble communicating with others

⑥had great fun singing and dancing

⑦have a good time enjoying performances

考点5：

①think→thinking

②who was not worth educating

③worth learning from

④it is well worth it

责任编辑 蒋小青