阅读理解专项训练（一）

江西 侯昌玮

阅读理解专项训练（一）

江西 侯昌玮

Passage 1

During World WarⅡ the Red Cross set up a program for people to send letters to soldiers in Europe so they would never be lonely.During the course of this program a soldier received a letter from a woman he didn’t know and had never met.She asked him the typical things and he wrote a return letter with the typical answers.

As their letters became more frequent they realized that they had much in common and a friendship was formed.Through the ever increasing letters they came to know each other more and he looked forward to them as he moved ever forward into combat and danger.Over time their friendship began to blossom into love, but they never exchanged photos.

Eventually the war ended.He told her he was coming home and they made a plan to meet at Grand Central Station.He would look like countless other soldiers so he told her he would hold a bouquet of carnations and she said she would be carrying a particular book.If their love was real, they could meet.

At the station he was eagerly searching for the book in the hands of every woman he met.Shortly after, a short, plain and overweight woman appeared carrying a book.He knew it was her.He swallowed his disappointment, his hopes for meeting the love of his life dashed.But he put a big smile on his face and called her name.She smiled and came over to him.He bent to kiss her cheek, but she pushed him off.Instead she handed him the book and walked off.Confused, he suddenly turned around and a beautiful woman was standing and smiling before him.

“I had to be sure,” she said to him, “if you were the man of character I dreamed about.And you are.” And she came into his arms and they kissed for the first time under the big clock in the center of Grand Central Station.

1.What’s the most stressed topic in the passage?

A.War and peace. B.Dream and reality.

C.Miracle and legend. D.Friendship and love.

2.What does the underlined word “them” refer to?

A.Soldiers. B.Letters.

C.Photos. D.Women.

3.Why did the solider decide to hold a bouquet of carnations?

A.To check if their love was really true.

B.To ful fill his promise made years ago.

C.To distinguish him from other soldiers.

D.To present a welcome gift to the woman.

4.What was the woman’s attitude towards the man at last?

A.Doubtful. B.Disappointed.

C.Satis fied. D.Sympathetic.

5.What can we learn about the solider according to the passage?

A.He was disappointed at the first woman but he controlled it.

B.He once sent a photo to the woman so she could recognize him.

C.He walked away as soon as he met the first woman carrying a book.

D.He was gentle and kind though he knew it wasn’t the woman he would meet.

Passage 2

A new study suggests that your level of optimism may affect your health.People who are optimistic may live longer than those who are pessimistic.

Researchers at Harvard University’s School of Public Health in Boston did the study.They compared women with“ a general expectation that good things will happen”to women who were less optimistic.They found that the optimists had a much lower risk of getting several deadly diseases, including cancer, heart disease, stroke and certain types of infection.

Eric Kim is one of the study leaders.He says there is increasing evidence that strengthening psychological resilience(心理复原力) may help prevent disease.Resilience is the ability to recover from difficulty or change.Kim says that these new findings suggest that people should make efforts to increase their resilience and optimism.He says optimism is connected with healthier behaviors and healthier ways of dealing with difficulty.Optimists tend to take better care of themselves by exercising, eating healthy foods and getting enough sleep.

Leslie Ralph is a clinical psychologist and counselor at the University of Arizona in Tucson.She also blogs about stress management.Ralph has several ideas about how to increase optimism.

She says each night plan to do two or three simple,enjoyable activities the next day.These activities might include watching the sun rise, visiting a friend, dancing to a favorite song or reading a story with your child.

She also suggests that if your day starts badly, simply close your eyes for a moment and take a deep breath.When you open your eyes, imagine your day has started over.It’s like having your own restart button.And the counselor adds offering praise or support to someone can also improve your own outlook.A smile and “thank you” from another person may help you feel more optimistic.

1.What can we know about optimists according to the text?

A.They are mostly women.

B.They only care about good things.

C.They are usually responsible for themselves.

D.They have no risk of getting deadly diseases.

2.Which one of the following re flects resilience?

A.Working out and wearing smiles everyday.

B.Facing failure and making a comeback.

C.Working hard and keeping con fident.

D.Being unable to get up after a fall.

3.How can we increase optimism according to Ralph?

A.By watching the sunset.

B.By thanking others often.

C.By eating healthy foods.

D.By thinking highly of others.

4.What’s the key point both Kim and Ralph stress?

A.Increasing resilience.

B.Strengthening optimism.

C.Keeping healthy lifestyle.

D.Having healthy behaviors.

5.What’s the best title for the text?

A.Woman May Live Longer than Man

B.Optimism May Help You Live Longer

C.Optimism Has a Great Effect on Health

D.How to Stay Optimistic and Live Longer

Passage 3

Your next car might drive itself.After years of trials on city streets, driverless vehicles are now nearing the live phase.Last month, a driverless bus began carrying passengers through Lyon, France.Most in the automobile industry think selfdriving vehicles will be on the road by 2020 or before.

Driverless cars will at first coexist with human-driven cars.But the first places where they will become dominant(统治的) are dense urban areas — precisely the spots most damaged by the automobile age.Many advanced cities are already reducing the role of cars.Driverless cars will hasten that process and will bring us enormous bene fits.

Driverless cars will reduce accidents by around 90 per cent.That’s big — the annual death toll on the world’s roads is about 1.2 million a year.Pollution and carbon emissions will drop, because urban driverless cars will be electric.The old,the disabled and teenagers will suddenly gain mobility.

On the other hand, driverless cars will bring catastrophe.The best thing about the automobile age was that it employed tens of millions of people to make, market, insure and drive vehicles.Over the next 20 years, the mostly low-skilled men who now drive trucks, taxis and buses will see their jobs reduced.Carmakers are especially scared.The few cars of the future might be made by tech companies such as Apple,Baidu and Google.Imagine the impact on Germany, where the automotive sector is the largest industry.

Dramatic change is coming, but governments have barely begun thinking about it.Only 6 per cent of the biggest US cities have factored them into their long-term planning.Driverless cars could arrive by 2020, but most mayors and transport ministers are preoccupied with next week.

A decade ago hardly anyone saw the smartphone coming.It has brought an epidemic of mass addiction.Let’s hope we do a better job of handling the driverless car.

1.Where will driverless cars appear at first?

A.In France. B.In Germany.

C.In the countryside. D.In crowded urban areas.

2.Why can driverless cars reduce pollution and carbon emissions?

A.Driverless cars reduce the numbers of cars.

B.Driverless cars will be driven by electricity.

C.Driverless cars save fuel by driving themselves.

D.Driverless cars will reduce too many accidents.

3.What’s the author’s attitude toward driverless cars?

A.Indifferent. B.Negative.

C.Objective. D.Worrying.

4.What would be the best title for the text?

A.Driverless cars will change the world.

B.Driverless cars—the only vehicles in 2020.

C.The development of driverless cars in the next decade.

D.The advantages and disadvantages of driverless vehicles.

5.What can we know about driverless cars?

A.They will not hit the road until 2020.

B.They will only be used in urban areas.

C.They will not cause any road accident.

D.They aren’t still seriously taken by leaders.

Passage 4

The Internet is one of the most exciting and powerful inventions of the second half of the 20th century.The reason why it is so powerful is that it provides access to information about almost every aspect of life.As much as the positive impact of Internet is obvious, it is difficult to ignore its negative in fluences.

The Internet can have a negative influence on people’s political and social views.Since the Internet is based primarily on Western culture, it spreads Western democratic values and presents democracy as the best type of government.Itrepudiatespolitical views and governments different from democratic ones.

The Internet advocates the Western lifestyle and portrays it as superior to any other lifestyle.It also describes life in the West as that of unrestrained（无拘束的) freedom and unlimited possibilities, without presenting all sides of this perspective.Because of the widespread availability of information, people become unappreciative of the things they have and desire more and more.

Since the Internet is used in almost every aspect of economical, social and political life, it poses many security threats that haven’t been seen before.Internet networks are easy to invade by hackers.The hackers have the ability to damage data and devices and spread viruses.

A lot of business is conducted over the Internet.The Internet presents so much information that an ordinary reader is not able to distinguish between the real and fake or necessary and unnecessary.As a result, people are likely to making unwise decisions.

Sur fing the Internet becomes a way of life for some kids and young adults, which alienates(疏远) them from their peers.Excessive Internet usage contributes to other problems, such as obesity.Because of their addiction to the Internet, kids and teenagers spend most of their free time sur fing the Web instead of running around and interacting with peers, and the lack of physical exercise may affect the normal development of a healthy body.

1.What’s the main function of Paragraph 1?

A.Present information.

B.Introduce the topic.

C.Draw a conclusion.

D.Explain a reason.

2.What does the underlined word“repudiates”probably refer to?

A.Advocate. B.Recognize.

C.Refuse. D.Support.

3.Why do some teens keep away from their peers and seldom take exercise?

A.Because they are fat and often made fun of.

B.Because they can’t get along well with peers.

C.Because they are lost in sur fing the Internet.

D.Because they think it will be a waste of time.

4.How does the Internet affect us positively?

A.It stresses Western political views.

B.It speaks highly of the Western lifestyle.

C.It presents security threats and confusing information.

D.It can offer information about almost every aspect of life.

5.What does the text mainly talk about?

A.Negative effects of the Internet on our life.

B.How the Internet affects every aspect of life.

C.How to deal with negative effects of the Internet.

D.Positive and negative effects of sur fing the Internet.

【参考答案与解析】

Passage 1

【文章大意】本文是记叙文。二战期间，红十字会发动人们给欧洲战场上的士兵写信以缓解他们的孤独。其中一位女士给一位士兵的通信让他们成为笔友，随后的书信交往让他们的友情加深并发展成为爱情。战后他们约定见面，他们成功会面了吗？请阅读本文吧。

1.D 推理判断题。文章叙述了一位战士和一位女士开始素不相识，通过书信的交流慢慢加深友情并升华到爱情的故事。故文章突出的主题是友情和爱情。

2.B 指代判断题。本句意思是“他们的信件交流不断增多，当他转移到新的战斗并有危险的时候就越期盼他们(信件)”。故选B项。

3.C 细节理解题。根据第三段中的He would look like countless other soldiers so he told her...可知，战士们穿着打扮都一样，所以为了让对方容易找到自己，他见面时手拿一束康乃馨。故选C项。

4. C 推理判断题。根据最后一段的第二句，特别是And you are这句可知，经过那位女士安排的考验之后，她对这位战士很满意，是她梦想中那样的人。故选C项。

5.A 推理判断题。根据第四段内容可知，当战士见到拿书的那位朴素的矮胖女人后，他掩饰住他的失望，并微笑打招呼。故可推知A项正确，故而排除C项。第二段末句说他们从未交换过照片，故排除B项；第四段中的He knew it was her表明，他开始以为和他通信的就是这位女士，故排除D项。

Passage 2

【文章大意】本文为说明文。本文报道了一项最新发现：乐观主义的程度影响着我们的健康。持有乐观主义态度的人有可能比消极态度的人的寿命长一点。

1.C 推理判断题。根据文章前两段可知，乐观主义者通常自信，相信美好的事情会发生，并且他们得致命疾病的风险低很多。故排除ABD三项；根据第三段中的Optimists tend to take better care of themselves by exercising...可知，乐观主义者一般会通过各种方式来照顾自己，这是尊敬自己，对自己负责任的表现。故选C项。

2.B 推理判断题。根据文章第三段中的Resilience is the ability to recover from difficulty or change可知，复原力是指能够从困境或变化中适应和恢复过来的能力。而B项“面对失败并能够东山再起”最能体现resilience的含 义。

3.D 细节理解题。根据第五段中的These activities might include watching the sun rise, visiting a friend, dancing to a favorite song or reading a story with your child可知，A项“看日落”与文中“看日出”相悖；根据最后一段最后两句可知，是得到别人的感谢使你乐观，故排除B项；而表扬或支持某人会提高你的乐观精神，故D项正确；而C项是Kim的观点。

4.B 推理判断题。根据第三段中的Kim says that these new findings suggest that people should make efforts to increase their resilience and optimism和第四段中的Ralph has several ideas about how to increase optimism可知，他们两人都强调乐观主义的重要性，建议人们努力提高乐观主义精神并给出了具体方法。

5.B 标题概括题。文章首段就提出中心话题：乐观主义的程度影响我们的健康。持有乐观主义态度的人有可能比持有消极态度的人的寿命长一点。故B项符合文章标题。C项“乐观主义对健康有很大影响”太宽泛，不能切中本文的真正主旨。

Passage 3

【文章大意】本文是说明文。你的下一辆汽车或许是自动驾驶汽车。经过多年的试验后，无人驾驶汽车将要进入实际应用阶段。文章从无人驾驶汽车的优缺点方面介绍了它对我们生活中各方面的影响。

1.D 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的But the first places where they will become dominant（统治的）are dense urban areas...可知，无人驾驶汽车首先占据的地方是密集的城市区域。故选D项。

2.B 细节理解题。根据第三段中的...because urban driverless cars will be electric可知，无人驾驶汽车能减少污染和碳排放是因为无人驾驶汽车都是电动车。故选B项。

3.C 推理判断题。文章主要就无人驾驶汽车的利弊细节展开，介绍了它的发展和未来的展望；再根据文章最后一段内容“十年前，几乎没有人预见到智能手机的来临。如今，智能手机瘾大规模流行。希望我们在应对无人驾驶汽车方面做得更好一些吧”可知，作者是客观介绍了无人驾驶汽车的情况，并且对其持有积极的态度。故选C项。

4.A 主旨大意题。文章介绍了无人驾驶汽车的发展背景，接着重点介绍了其各方面的利弊，最后展望了无人驾驶汽车的未来。故本文介绍了无人驾驶汽车的影响。故选A项。

5.D 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的内容“巨大的变化即将来临，但各国政府几乎还没有开始考虑这些事情。在美国最大的城市当中，只有6%的城市将自动驾驶汽车考虑到了长期规划中。到2020年，无人驾驶汽车就可能上路，但大多数市长和交通部长满脑子想的还是下周的事情”可知，目前各国政府还没认真考虑无人驾驶汽车这项计划。

Passage 4

【文章大意】本文是说明文。因特网无疑是二十世纪后半期最大的发明之一。它给我们生活带来的积极影响是毋庸置疑的，但同时它带来的负面影响也是不能忽略的。本文就从几个方面介绍了因特网的负面影响。

1.B 推理判断题。根据文章首段内容尤其是末句...it is difficult to ignore its negative in fluences可知，文章首段先介绍因特网的诞生和积极意义，接着重点是引出了它的负面影响。再根据文章后面几段可知，都是介绍因特网在各领域的负面影响。所以文章首段是起到过渡作用，引出文章的中心话题。故选B项。

2.C 词义推测题。根据第二段中的...it spreads Western democratic values and presents democracy as the best type of government可知，它鼓吹西方民主价值观，认为民主政府是最好的政体。所以，本句中表示“对于不同于民主价值观和政府的，它都排斥和拒绝”。故选C项。

3.C 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中的Because of their addiction to the Internet, kids and teenagers spend most of their free time sur fing the Web...可知，青少年疏远同龄人和不愿意锻炼身体都是因为他们沉溺于网络之中。故选C项。

4.D 推理判断题。根据首段中的...that it provides access to information about almost every aspect of life可知，因特网可以提供有关生活的各方面的信息，这是它积极的影响。而根据第二至第五段内容可知，ABC三项都是因特网的负面影响。

5.A 主旨大意题。本文主要从政治、文化和安全等几个方面介绍了因特网的负面影响。故选A项。

江西省都昌县二中）