构建画面处其境 角色融入解完形
2017-02-16陕西南美兰
陕西 南美兰
构建画面处其境 角色融入解完形
陕西 南美兰
完形填空是对考生语篇理解和综合运用英语能力进行测试的行之有效的传统题型。在考查考生语言知识能力的同时,更是注重考查考生理解文章主题和感情色彩的能力,还能考查考生整体把握作者意图方面的悟性和能力。所以,命题人在命题时有意识地融入的语言情景因素是解题中的关键因素。
在最近的大量练考中,笔者也确实发现,完形填空所选的材料都是精美的短文。做题时,不仅要读懂全文的意思,还要“构建画面,角色融入”,即要在理解整篇文章大意的基础上,假定自己就是文章的作者,顺着作者的思路,将文章的内容在自己的头脑中幻化为一个或几个画面,并在头脑中链接相关的常识和背景知识,从而更易于品出作者的幽默,理解作者的初衷,破解作者的神秘,欣赏作者对社会的审视,对人生的感悟。这样,做起题来便少了纠结,多了自信。
下面,以一篇完形填空题为例,印证一下“构建画面处其境,角色融入解完形”的妙用。
The scars of love
One hot summer day in Florida a little boy decided to go for a swim in the lake behind his house. In a hurry to 1 into the cold water,he ran out of the back door,2 his shoes and shirt as he went. He flew into the water,not 3 that as he swam toward the middle,an alligator(美洲鳄)was swimming toward the shore. His mother suddenly saw the two 4 they got closer and closer together. In great 5 ,she ran toward the water, 6 to her son as loudly as she could. Hearing her voice,the boy became alarmed and made a 7 to swim to his mother. It was too 8 . The animal reached him just as he reached her.
From the shore,the mother 9 her little boy by the arms just as the alligator pulled his 10 . Then began an unbelievable tug-of-war(拔河) between the two. The alligator was 11 than his mother,but the mother was 12 determined to let go. A farmer happened to drive by,heard her screams,raced 13 his truck and shot the alligator.
14 ,after weeks in the hospital,the boy survived.His legs were extremely scarred by the 15 of the animal and on his arms were deep 16 where his mother’s fingernails dug into his flesh.
Like that little boy,we have scars,too. Some are 17 and have caused us deep regret. 18 ,the scars are left by those who have 19 to let go. It was they who have been there 20 you in the process of your struggle.
1. A.throw B. drop
C. dive D. sink
2. A.leaving alone B. leaving behind
C. leaving off D. leaving out
3. A.realizing B. understanding
C. believing D. admitting
4. A. in case B. if
C. as if D. as
5. A. fear B. relief
C. trouble D. danger
6. A. arguing B. yelling
C. sighing D. declaring
7. A. mark B. gesture
C. U-turn D. promise
8. A. urgent B. short
C. sudden D. late
9. A. seized B. touched
C. squeezed D. pushed
10. A.feet B. legs
C. arms D. hands
11. A. heavier B. larger
C. stronger D. cleverer
12. A. from B. quite
C. enough D. too
13. A. from B.for
C. to D. by
14. A. Interestingly B. Fortunately
C. Surely D. Hopefully
15. A. kiss B. attention
C. attack D. robbery
16. A. rubs B. decorations
C. cuts D. scratches
17. A. harmless B. mild
C. ugly D. nice
18. A. Therefore B. However
C. Besides D. Otherwise
19. A. refused B. agreed
C. sought D. tended
20. A. putting up with
B. breaking away from
C. catching up with
D. holding on to
略读这篇文章,我们判断本文是一篇记叙文,讲述了一位母亲在一位农夫的帮助下,从鳄鱼口中救出自己儿子的故事。
细读这篇文章,我们的眼前出现了一幅幅画面。
画面一:毛头小子为图凉快匆忙下水游泳
在一个炎热的夏天,为了凉快,小孩从后门跑出,边跑边将他的鞋子和衬衫抛在后面,急匆匆跳入水中,正因为匆忙,迫不及待,所以,他没有意识到一条美洲鳄正朝岸边游来。
构建了这幅画面后,再角色融入一下,则1题选dive(潜入,跳入),而不是drop(掉入),sink(沉入),也不是throw(扔)。2题选leaving behind(留在后面),而不是leave alone,leave off(停止做某事),也不是leave out。3题选realizing(意识到)。
画面二:惊恐母亲奋力呼救喊儿回游
小男孩向湖里游,鳄鱼朝岸边游,当他们越来越近时,小男孩的母亲才突然发现了危险,她吓坏了,惊恐地朝湖边跑去,一边跑,一边拼命地哭喊。小孩听到后害怕极了,赶紧掉头回折,但为时已晚。
角色融入,构建画面,链接常识和背景知识,运用英语知识积累,则4题选as(当……的时候)。5题选fear(害怕,恐惧)。6题选yelling(表因恐惧、愤怒或激动等而大哭大叫),虽然yell是生词,但结合常识,用排除法可选出答案。7题选U-turn。8题选late。
画面三:柔弱母亲拼命在鳄口下救子
就在鳄鱼拽住男孩腿的时候,母亲抓住了儿子的胳膊,双方就像拔河一样,都使出全力,互不相让,鳄鱼虽然比母亲强壮,但母亲救子的意志力更强,以至于相持不下,千钧一发之际,幸有一农夫开车路过,下车相救,射死了鳄鱼。
构建了这幅画面,再角色融入一下,链接常识,则11题选stronger(力气强壮)。13题选from(开车路过,要救人就得从车上下来再跑过来)。链接英语常考基本句型,则9题选seized(seize sb. by the arm),12题选too(too...to)句型,too determined(意为“非常有决心以至于不放手”)。还有10题选legs,答案在倒数第二段有提示。
画面四:命大儿子获救住院养伤
鳄鱼被农夫射死后,男孩获救住院,真是幸运。经过母亲与鳄鱼的较量,男孩的腿上留下了被鳄鱼袭击的吓人的疤痕,胳膊上留下了深刻到肉里的母亲手指甲的抓痕。
构建画面,角色融入,链接常识,提取英语知识内存,则14题选fortunately(幸运的是)。15题选attack,表“袭击,攻击”。16题选scratches(抓痕),而不是rubs(擦伤),cuts(割伤),decorations(装饰)就更不合题意了。此题可用排除法做,因为scratch对学生来说是生词。
回读文章,特别是文章的题目,The scars of love,再结合完形填空题的命题套路,夹叙夹议,或先叙后议,传递正能量,可知作者是在前文记叙的基础上,感悟人生,体悟真爱,学会坚持,学会感恩。即,像这个小男孩一样,我们都有疤痕,有的如此丑陋,让我们深感懊悔遗憾,不过,这些疤痕是那些拒绝放弃你的人留下的。正是那些不想放弃你的人,在你挣扎的过程中,紧紧地抓住了你,给你爱的力量和动力。
角色融入,理解作者的思路,体会作者的用意,结合选项的提示,则17题选ugly,18题选However,19题选refused,20题选hold on to(紧紧抓住),而不是put up with(忍受),break away from(脱离),catch up with(赶上)。
由以上考例可知,完形填空题乃阅读的最高境界,完形填空题即语感的完美体现,正所谓“功夫在诗外”,思维大于语言之和,语用大于语义之和。所以,当我们做完形时,若能如上例那样,构建画面处其境,角色融入解完形,链接常识和背景知识,活用英语基础知识,则完形文章更易理解,作者思路更易把握,选项更易选出,真的是少了纠结乱蒙,多了分数多了自信。
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