七选五型阅读答题技巧

甘肃 周世军

七选五型阅读答题技巧

甘肃 周世军

七选五型阅读理解是全国卷的必考题型之一。很多考生觉得七选五型阅读理解比常规阅读理解难，并且填错一空，可能会导致几个空出错。本文结合2012—2016年全国卷高考真题，从抓特殊词、抓关联词、抓结构、抓定位四个方面介绍七选五型阅读答题技巧，以期帮助考生提分增效。

一、抓特殊词

平时训练，特别是考试现场，考生用大量的时间彻底读懂文章的意思不现实，也没有必要。拿到题以后快速阅读五个空的前后句，标出相同词、相近词、时间词、代词、介词等线索词，然后在选项中查找相关的线索词。利用这些线索词寻找答案是很有效的方法。

【高考链接1】（2014，全国新课标卷Ⅰ）

The jobs of the future have not yet been invented.36 By helping them develop classic skills that will serve them well no matter what the future holds.

A. Encourage kids to cook with you.

B. And we can’t forget science education.

C. We can give kids chances to think about materials in new ways.

D. So how can we help our kids prepare for jobs that don’t yet exist?

E. Gardening is another great activity for helping kids develop this skill.

F. We can do this in real life or ask questions about characters in stories.

G. Being able to communicate ideas in a meaningful way is a valuable skill.

【解题分析】36. D。根据空格后的By helping them develop classic skills...（通过帮助他们培养……的技能）可知，by表方式，空格处应该用how开头的句子，故选D项。

【高考链接2】（2013，全国新课标卷Ⅰ）

Business management is a term used to describe the techniques of planning，direction，and control of the operations of a business. 73 One of the establishment（制定） of broad basic policies with respect to production； sales； the purchase of equipment，materials and supplies； and accounting. 74 The third relates to the establishment of standards of work in all departments. Direction is concerned primarily with supervision（监管） and guidance by the management in authority. 75

A. Control includes the use of records and reports to compare actual work with the set standards for work.

B. In this connection there is the difference between top management and operative management.

C. Examples of nonprofit business include such organizations as social service agencies and many hospitals.

D. However，some businesses only seek to earn enough to cover their operating costs.

E. Planning in business management has three main aspects.

F. In the theory of business management，organization has two main aspects.

G. The second aspect relates to the application of these policies by departments.

【解题分析】74. G。可先做74题，根据本段中的关键词 one（基数词），the third（序数词）可知，以one开头的句子和以the third 开头的句子中间，应该是第二点，故选G项。

73. E。根据本段中的三个关键词 one（基数词），the second（序数词），the third（序数词），可以推出，前句应该选含有three的句子，故73选E项。

【高考链接3】（2015，全国新课标卷Ⅰ）

Trust is a learned behavior that we gain from past experiences. 36 Trust is a risk. But you can’t be successful when there’s a lack of trust in a relationship that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake.

A. Learn to really trust yourself.

B. It is putting confidence in someone.

C. Stop regarding yourself as the victim.

D. Remember that you can expect the best in return.

E. They’ve been too badly hurt and they can’t bear to let it happen again.

F. This knowledge carries over in their attitude toward

their future relationships.

G. Seeing the positive side of things doesn’t mean you’re ignoring what happened.

【解题分析】36. B。根据空格前后的两个句子，空格前说“信任是我们从过去经历中获得的一种后天习得的行为”，空格后说“信任是一种风险”，中间的句子应该说“信任是……”。可是，七个选项中没有以trust开头的句子，但有It is...的句子，其结构与前后句一致，意思与前后句匹配，由此推断出it指代trust，故选B项。

【高考链接4】（2014，全国新课标卷Ⅱ）

From my experience，there are three main reasons why people dont’ cook more often：ability，money，and time.36 Money is a topic Il’l save for another day. So today I want to give you some wisdom about how to make the most of the time you spend in the kitchen. Here are three tips for great cooking on a tight schedule：

A. Try new things.

B. Ability is easily improved.

C. Make three or four instead.

D. Understand your food better.

E. Cooking is a burden for many people.

F. Let cooking and living simply be a joy rather than a burden.

G. A little time planning ahead can save a lot of work later on.

【解题分析】36. B。根据空格前的句子可知，人们不经常做饭有三个原因：ability，money，and time。 空格后主要谈Money is...and how to make the most of the time，说明本段的关键词就是ability，money，and time。空格后已经谈了money and time，所以空格处谈的应该是与ability有关的话题。故选B项。

二、抓关联词

英语的句段之间经常会运用关联词表示过渡和衔接，使文章的思路更清楚、逻辑更连贯。语段的句际关系可分为并列、转折、因果、顺序等关系。阅读时关联词能帮助理清上下文的逻辑关系，把握文章脉络，进而准确、高效地答题。

【高考链接5】（2013，全国新课标卷Ⅰ）

Business is the organized approach to providing customers with the goods and services they want. The word business also refers to an organization that provides these goods and services. Most businesses seek to make a profit（利润）—that is，they aim to achieve income that is more than the costs of operating the business. 71 Commonly called nonprofits，these organizations are primarily nongovernmental service providers.

A. Control includes the use of records and reports to compare actual work with the set standards for work.

B. In this connection there is the difference between top management and operative management.

C. Examples of nonprofit business include such organizations as social service agencies and many hospitals.

D. However，some businesses only seek to earn enough to cover their operating costs.

E. Planning in business management has three main aspects.

F. In the theory of business management，organization has two main aspects.

G. The second aspect relates to the application of these policies by departments.

【解题分析】 71. D。空格前谈企业是获取利润的组织；空格后谈非营利组织，前后句之间是转折关系。只有D项中有表转折关系的词however，故选D项。

三、抓结构

不同的文章有不同的结构。从2012—2016年五年的全国卷来看，七选五型阅读的体裁都是说明文。说明文常采用总——分——总的结构形式，第一段是要说明的主题，以下几段多是从不同角度来说明问题，最后总结，所以各段之间多是平行关系，经常出现举例说明的现象。如果考查段落标题，先看看其他标题的语言形式，同一文章中的几个段落小标题基本上是同一语言形式。如果其他标题是名词短语，该题答案也是名词短语；如果其他标题是祈使句，该题的答案也是祈使句。如果考查句子结构，正确选项只是某个句子的一个部分，就要看看空后这个部分是不是句子，如果是句子，看看是否有连词，如果没有连词，要选的正确选项就是短语或是带有连词的从句。

【高考链接6】（2016，全国新课标卷Ⅱ）

● 37

Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants，flowers，patterns and masses of color. Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers（肥料）. 38 . However，there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden. One of them comes from our earliest years.

●Recall（回忆） your childhood memories

Our model of what a garden should be often goes back to childhood. Grandma’s rose garden and Dad’s vegetable garden might be good or bad，but that’s not what’s important.39 —how being in those gardens made us feel. If you’d like to build a powerful bond with your garden，start by taking some time to recall the gardens of your youth. 40 . Then go outside and work out a plan to translate your childhood memories into your grown-up garden. Have fun.

A. Know why you garden

B. Find a good place for your own garden

C. It’s our experience of the garden that matters

D. It’s delightful to see so many beautiful flowers

E. Still others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plants

F. You can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden，too

G. For each of those gardens，write down the strongest memory you have

【解题分析】37. A。该空考查段落标题。根据下一段的段落标题可知，37空应该选祈使句。七个选项中只有A、B选项是祈使句。本段列举了一些人的观点之后，提到other reasons that might explain why you want to garden，由此可以推断出本段的主旨就是：你要知道自己为什么要种植花木。故选A项。

38. E。根据本段中的Some people...Others...结构，可以推出此处应该是Still others...，故选E项。

【高考链接7】（2015，全国新课标卷Ⅱ）

Training for a marathon requires careful preparation and steady，gradual increases in the length of the runs. 36 ，buy the best-fitting，best-built running shoes you can find.

A. After six days

B. For a good marathon runner

C. Before you begin your training

D. With each day，increase the distance by a half mile

E. If they still feel good，you can begin running in them

F. Time spent for preparation raises the quality of training

G. Now you are ready to figure out a goal of improving distance and time

【解题分析】36.C。从句式结构上看，逗号后是祈使句，没有连词，正确答案要么是带有连词的从句，要么是一个短语，只有A、 B、 C、 E四个选项符合，这样就缩小了选择范围；根据空前句中的preparation（准备）和常识可知是“训练前”，故选C项。

四、抓定位

全国卷七选五型阅读的体裁大多是说明文。段首设空通常考查段落主题句。做题时，要认真阅读后文内容，特别是后文第一二句，锁定线索信号词，根据段落一致性原则，推断出主题句。如果在段尾设空，则是考查段落尾句题。段尾通常是结论、概括性语句。注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的信号词，如therefore，as a result，thus，hence，in short，to sum up，to conclude，in a word等词语，选项中也可发现前文的同义词句。

【高考链接8】（2016，全国新课标卷Ⅲ）

38 Fresh fish should smell sweet：you should feel that you’re standing at the ocean’s edge. Any fishy or strong smell means the fish isn’t fresh. 39 When you have bought a fish and arrive home，you’d better store the fish in the refrigerator if you don’t cook it immediately，but fresh fish should be stored in your fridge for only a day or two. Frozen fish isn’t as tasty as the fresh one.

A. Do not buy it.

B. The easiest is to steam it.

C. This is how you can do it.

D. It just requires a little knowledge.

E. The fish will go bad within hours.

F. When buying fish，you should first smell it.

G. The fats in fish are thought to help prevent heart disease.

【解题分析】38. F。该空考查段首主题句。根据段落中提供的细节：新鲜的鱼和不新鲜的鱼的味道。由此可以推出F项为主题句，意为“买鱼时应该先闻味”。

以上介绍了四种做七选五型阅读理解题的方法，希望考生在备考中尝试运用，以提高答题的速度和准确性，力争在高考时用时少，得分高。另外，要想做好此题，首先要有一定的词汇量和一定的阅读能力，否则，多好的方法都无济于事。

甘肃省武威市天祝县第一中学）