梅扎纳农业学校，科尔德雷里奥，瑞士

建筑设计：孔特-皮亚内蒂-萨内塔建筑事务所

梅扎纳农业学校，科尔德雷里奥，瑞士

建筑设计：孔特-皮亚内蒂-萨内塔建筑事务所

1 现存教学区内的新建综合体/The new building complex supplements the existing school area

梅扎纳农业学校的新校址处在一片0.5km2的农田中，其中还保留了一些老农舍。一栋古朴的玫瑰色别墅大约有100年的历史，是新建综合体的核心建筑，也将作为全新“城市系统”形成的发生器。新的学校功能分解为3栋较小的建筑，使用了夯土工艺建造。这一组新校舍建筑还包括一个庭院，它可以从各个侧面进入，作为交通空间及休憩沉思的场所，也成为整座学校的中心。

建筑的空间分布形成了一个由广场、廊道和楼梯组成的体系，体现了来自卢加诺的孔特-皮亚内蒂-萨内塔建筑事务所的设计目的，即重建门德里西奥周边典型景观中丰盈和空闲之间的平衡。

梅扎纳农业学校的建造使用了相对较大尺度的夯土预制技术。这一材料的选择不仅是一项技术挑战和创新，而且还有一层形而上的意义：从土壤中生长而出的建筑概念，与农业学校的身份相契合，而土壤管理也恰恰是学校中教授的内容。

以生土作为建筑的主要材料，与建筑概念紧密结合，从竞赛的初始就得到孔特-皮亚内蒂-萨内塔事务所的大力支持。如此一座优雅而庄严的夯土建筑，墙厚30cm，但夯土墙并不作为支撑结构：它固定在一个由工业砖和清水混凝土屋顶组成的稳定的结构框架上。夯土构件是在福拉尔贝格的一座工厂中预制、烘干的，其加工生产线长达18m，加工花费了8个月的时间。接着它们就被运送到位于提契诺的建筑工地中，用8个星期的时间由一台起重机拼装起来，墙体总面积930m2，使用生土总量为280m3。□（黄华青 译）

2 现存教学区内的新建综合体/The new building complex supplements the existing school area

3 总平面/Site plan

The new building of the cantonal agricultural school in Mezzana is part of a 50-hectares agricultural land, on which older farm buildings still stand. The approximately 100-year-old villa plastered in old rose is the central building of the new citadel and as such plays the generator role of the new "urban system" in the making. The new school program was broken down into three smallsize buildings built out of the massive rammed earth technique. The project of the new teaching buildings includes an additional court, which is accessible from all sides and, serving as distribution space and area for meditation, becomes the heart of the school building.

The spatial distribution of the building, which leads to a system of squares, corridors and stairways, reflects the desire of the architects Conte Pianetti Zanetta from Lugano to recreate the balance between fullness and emptiness typical of the landscape around Mendrisio.

4 新综合体的中心区/Central square of the new complex of buildings

The construction of this school of agriculture in Mezzana applies on a relatively large scale a rammed-earth heavy prefabrication system. But the choice is not just one of technical challenge and innovation, but also a philosophical assumption: to an agricultural school fits the idea of a building arising out of the ground, the management of which is taught here.

The choice of earth as a main building material was therefore closely associated with the concept of the project and strongly supported by the architects Conte Pianetti Zanetta since the very beginning of the competition. Such a beautiful and imposing masonry work with a thickness of 30cm does not bear the structure though: it is fixed to a static frame of industrial bricks and concrete ceilings left untreated. The rammedearth elements were prefabricated and dried in a factory building in Vorarlberg in eight months of work on a production line of 18 m length. They were then transported to the building site in Ticino and mounted within eight weeks with a crane, for an overall wall surface of 930m2and a volume of 280m3of earth.□

5 首层平面/Floor 0 plan

评论

蒋培铭：夯土墙是具有几千年悠久历史的传统建筑工艺，曾经在世界各地得到广泛的应用。但是，随着时代的发展，几乎销声匿迹。从我们这个时代来看，更加显得稀缺与新奇。梅扎纳农业学校的设计，不再是简单的重复夯土墙这种工艺，而是继承并创新了这种技术，并很好地诠释了学校文化的特征，这就是农业与土地的关联。其实，我们从学校的建筑布局就可以看到，整体建筑的关系似乎是村落农舍的自然关系，而建筑造型不断穿插的夯土墙，更是让我们难以忘却的对土地的亲切感受与记忆。农业学校的设计，不是形式上的牵强附会，而是建筑师对学校的内涵进行了深思熟虑的思考，投入了极大的热情与感情，才恰如其分地找到了学校的主题。这是学校所需要的精神，这也是建筑师真正的情怀所致。

6 剖面/Section

项目信息/Credits and Data

建筑设计/Architects: 孔特-皮亚内蒂-萨内塔建筑事务所/ Conte Pianetti Zanetta Architetti (Carabbia, Switzerland)

客户/Client: 提契诺州政府/Government of the canton Ticino (Bellinzona, Switzerland)

项目经理/Project Manager: Michele Zanetta

结构工程/Structural Engineer: Eraldo Pianetti (Mendrisio, Switzerland)

建筑面积/Floor Area: 1975m²

夯土/Rammed Earth: 930m², 650t

建设周期/Construction Phase: 2010-2012

摄影/Photos: Bruno Klomfar(fig.1-2,4), Benedikt Redmann(fig.7, 9)

7 外景/Exterior view

8 构造细部/Structural features

9 中心区外景/Exterior view in the central square

Comments

JIANG Peiming:Rammed-earth wall is a millennia-old traditional construction technique extensively used all over the world. However, the technique is disappearing as time elapses, and, from our contemporary standpoint, it is increasingly rare and exotic. The design of Mezzana Agricultural School is not a simple repetition, but rather an adaptation and innovation of the technique of rammed-earth wall, as well as an interpretation of the school's philosophy, i.e. the interconnection between agriculture and land. In fact, as we can see from the school building layout, the overall architectural relationship appears a natural one in harmony with surrounding village farmhouses. The repeating rammed-earth walls throughout the architectural form symbolize our unforgettable intimacy and nostalgia of the land. The design of the agricultural school is not a superficially formal adaptation but rather the architect's deep and thorough reflections of the school's characteristics. It is with tremendous passion and deliberate considerations that an appropriate theme was found for the school. This is the very spirit that the school needs, and a manifestation of the architect's devotion. (Translated by SHANG Jin)

Mezzana Agricultural College, Coldrerio, Switzerland, 2012

Architects: Conte Pianetti Zanetta Architetti