劳奇自宅，施林斯，奥地利

2017-02-08建筑设计博尔茨豪瑟建筑事务所马丁劳奇

世界建筑 2017年1期

关键词：夯土尔茨马丁

建筑设计：博尔茨豪瑟建筑事务所，马丁·劳奇

劳奇自宅，施林斯，奥地利

建筑设计：博尔茨豪瑟建筑事务所，马丁·劳奇

1 东立面/East facade

住宅地处俯瞰着奥地利福拉尔贝格的施林斯村。

该住宅的选材与造型在景观环境中直接呼应着狭长场地的南向坡地特征——仿佛用土压成的一尊以人工抽象自然的巨石。

两条裂口表达出夯土建筑的特征，使其向后靠近峭壁，并面向山谷形成了一种朝前欢迎的姿态。住宅的室内采用多个序列形式，以对应各层不同的状况。

不同于更有机、古老的粘土建筑，这座建筑的形态意在表达清晰和尖锐。插在特有的粘土层之间的泥砖带通过强调水平性并突出表面肌理的光影效果，使建筑在视觉上更加稳定。在材料与氛围的层面上，这个空间序列通过不同处理过程的均衡叠加，真实地体现出从原始质朴到雄壮不凡的演进。

从整体上看，这座住宅就像一个实验建筑，体现出建筑师罗杰·博尔茨豪瑟与夯土建筑大师、客户马丁·劳奇之间密切的设计合作，而经后者亲自动手建造则是这座建筑最大的亮点。□（尚晋译）

2 总平面/Site plan

The site for the residential house oversees the village of Schlins in Vorarlberg, Austria.

The materiality and form of the residential house are direct reactions to the steep south-sloping situation of the slender plot in a landscape context -as if a monolithic block, similar to a piece of abstract and artificial nature, had been pressed out of the earth.

Two clefts articulate the building of rammed earth, wedging it backwards with the scarp and establishing a frontal prelude or welcoming gesture towards the valley. The interior of the house is developed in the form of sequences of spaces that respond storey-wise to the variable conditions.

As opposed to more organic, archaic clay architecture, the morphology of the building aims towards a certain clarity and sharpness. The strips of clay bricks that are inserted between the typical clay layers optically stabilise the building structure by emphasising the horizontality and heightening the light and shadow effects of the surface texture. At a material-atmospheric level the spatial sequence shows a succession that literally ascends from the raw and archaic to the distinguished splendour through a balanced overlaying of different treatment processes.

Taken as a whole, the house is a laboratorylike experiment, depicting the close planning cooperation between the architect Roger Boltshauser and the master clay builder and client Martin Rauch, culminating in his own hands-on construction of the building.□

3 南立面及入口/South facade and entrance

4 地下一层平面/Floor -1 plan

5 首层平面/Floor 0 plan

6 二层平面/Floor 1 plan

7 朝向山坡北侧的天然地窖，完全被斜坡覆盖/Natural cellar towards the hillside (north), entirely covered by the slope

刘珩：该建筑的承重外墙以夯土筑成，并插入匀质的薄砖带作为防腐处理。内部厚重的夯土结构借由植物纤维和粘土灰浆达到绝缘的效果。梁和楼板结构放置于夯土外墙上。内部楼梯间体现了夯土的绝佳质感，中和了水泥在其他空间的应用。旋转而上的踏步串联起3层空间，飘逸的黑色金属挡板这样现代的材料，与古朴质感的夯土形成对比。连接方式上刻意弱化了金属挡板的受力，使其像是漂浮在楼梯踏步之上，迎合并突出了楼梯间向上的动势。夯土体系的运用，与室内功能以及其他表面处理有机衔接，让空间得以从容、得体、自然和多变。

穆钧：业主的身份和作为自宅的项目性质，使马丁·劳奇能够获得相对宽裕的自由度，将自己多年的夯土营建经验加以总结，并在建筑师罗杰·博尔茨豪瑟的支援下进行更具系统性的应用探索。生土，作为就地可取的自然材料，以不同的形式被充分地运用于墙身、楼地面、内饰面、楼梯等一系列建筑要素。尤其值得称道的是，源于地方传统的夯土营造工艺，与现代建筑空间以及结构体系有机地融合在一起，而其在力学和耐水性能方面固有的局限性，通过一系列富有创造性甚至开创性的构造设计与施工工艺革新，得到了有效的克服或规避，使生土材料所具有的生态应用潜力及其相应的建筑语言，得到了淋漓尽致的发挥。不论在国际现代夯土建筑还是在绿色建筑领域，劳奇自宅作为一个实践探索的典范，具有普遍公认的里程碑意义。

8 厨房和餐厅外的东侧阳台/East terrace adherent with the kitchen and dining room

9 横剖面/Cross section

10 连接右侧阳台和后侧工作室的厨房/Kitchen, access to the east terrace (to the right) and the studio (in the back)

11 从餐厅看西侧休息平台/View from dining room to west terrace

Comments

LIU Heng:The load-bearing exterior walls are built with rammed earth, inserted are evenly thin band of tiles as erosion checks, while the interior massive rammed earth building is insulated with reed and finished with clay plaster. The beams and floor constructions rest on the exterior rammed earth walls. The staircase reveals the texture of rammed earth inside, counteracting to other plastered spaces. The oval spiral staircase connects all three levels. The use of the elegant and smooth black metal balustrade forms a contrast to the archaic and rammed earth. The inner metal balustrade is not connected to the stair, so the balustrade appears to be floating on the steps. The rammed-earth system, comprehensively connected with the interior functions and other treatments, makes the spaces leisurely, appropriate, natural, and varied. (Translated by WANG Xinxin)

MU Jun:The nature of the project as the masters clay builder's own residence has granted Martin Rauch relatively ample freedom to concretize years of earth-based construction experience, while support from architect Roger Boltshauser facilitates more systematic exploration for further application. Raw Earth, as a locally sourced natural material, has been extensively used for various building elements such as wall, floor, interior finish and staircase. It is particularly worth mentioning that the rammed-earth technique which has originated from local traditions can be organically integrated with modern architectural spaces and structural systems. In this manner, its inherent limits on mechanical and waterproofing performance can be effectively overcome or avoided by means of various creative or original tectonic designs and innovations in construction, so that the ecological application potentials and the corresponding architectural language of earthen material be full-blown. Whether in the field of advanced earthen architecture or in that of green architecture, House Rauch is universally recognized as a milestone for its exemplary exploration in construction practice. (Translated by SHANG Jin)