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中考形容词和副词八大高频考点揭秘

2017-01-05马国民

试题与研究·中考英语 2016年3期
关键词:比较级空格副词

马国民

形容词和副词是中考频繁考查的考点之一,同学们在备考中需要努力夯实知识基础,同时结合相关的专题训练来培养和提升自己的应试能力。

一、考查形容词辨析

(一)各个选项为近义词

【考例】

(2016年自贡卷) When you feel helpless and ____, just remember you are not ____ in the world because your friends are around you.

A. alone; alone B. alone; lonely

C. lonely; alone

【解析】

C。lonely只做形容词,意为“孤独的,寂寞的”,可做定语和表语,做表语时,侧重于主观情况,强调内心孤独。alone做形容词用时,意为“独自的,单独的”,常用作表语,不做定语,侧重于客观情况;做副词用时,修饰动词。本题两个空均做表语,第一空强调主观情况,而第二空强调的是客观情况,故选C。

【技巧点拨】

对于考查形容词近义词的小题,我们一方面需要熟练掌握相关近义词的区别,另一方面,还需要把近义词的区别与题干的语境和空格处的作用紧密结合。

(二)各个选项词义不同

【考例】

1. (2016年青岛卷) I like hiking in the forest because the air is pretty ____.

A. free B. dirty

C. polluted D. fresh

2. (2016年武汉卷) Are you alone? I just want a ____ word with you.

A. single B. new

C. private D. certain

【解析】

1. D。句意为:我喜欢在森林中徒步旅行,因为那里的空气很新鲜。fresh意为“新鲜的”,符合语境。

2. C。语境表示“我想私下跟你说句话”,private意为“私人的,私有的”,符合语境。故选C。

【技巧点拨】

分析题干时,注意各个选项的不同词义,同时结合好题干的具体语境,进一步选出答案。

(三)考查分词形容词辨析

【考例】

(2016年连云港卷) —Are you a fan of the science TV show Super Brain?

—Yes, Im always ____ by these peoples great brainpower.

A. tired B. amazed

C. bored D. satisfied

【解析】

B。语境表示“我一直对这些人的超凡脑力感到吃惊”,amazed意为“吃惊的,惊异的”,符合语境。故选B。

【知识链接】

分词形容词指的是v-ing或过去分词构成的形容词。过去分词构成的形容词常用于修饰人,v-ing类的形容词常用于修饰物。如:amazed“惊奇的,吃惊的”,amazing“令人惊异的”;bored“无聊的,烦人的”,boring“令人厌烦的”;interested“感兴趣的”,interesting“有趣的”;pleased“高兴的”,pleasing“令人愉快的”;relaxed“放松的”,relaxing“令人放松的”;satisfied“满意的”,satisfying“令人满意的”;surprised“惊讶的”,surprising“令人惊讶的”;tired“疲劳的”,tiring“令人厌倦的”;worried“担心的”,worrying“令人担心的”等。

二、考查形容词短语辨析

【考例】

1. (2016年烟台卷) Many teenagers dont like to talk with their parents. But I am ____ them.

A. the same as B. different from

C. interested in D. angry with

2. (2016年烟台卷) Life is ____ the unexpected. Whatever we do, try our best.

A. full of B. proud of

C. instead of D. because of

3. (2016年无锡卷) Sam is ____ about his speech because he thinks he is well prepared.

A. honest B. confident

C. modest D. curious

【解析】

1. B。语境表示“但是我与他们不同”,前后句意思转折,故different from符合题意。

2. A。句意为:人生充满了意外。无论我们做什么,都应该尽力而为。be full of意为“充满”,与语境相符。

3. B。句意为:Sam对自己的演讲充满信心,因为他认为自己准备充分。空格处在句中构成短语be confident about,意为“对……有信心”,符合语境。honest意为“诚实的,实在的”;modest意为“谦虚的”;curious意为“好奇的”。故选B。

【知识链接】

常用的形容词短语有:be excited about“对……激动”;be worried about“对……担心”;be good at“在……方面好,擅长”;be good for“对……有益/有好处”;be bad for“对……有害”;be late for“迟到”;be / get used to“习惯于”;be famous / known as“作为……而有名”;be different from“不同于”;be different in“在……方面不同”;be afraid of“害怕”;be proud of“对……感到骄傲”;be busy with“忙于”;be made of“由……制成(能看出原材料)”;be made from“由……制成(看不出原材料)”;be interested in “对……感兴趣”;be strict in sth.“对某事严格”;be strict with sb.“对某人严格”。

三、考查副词辨析

【考例】

1. (2016年东营卷) —Your son used to be a homebody but he now likes outdoor activities. How did you do that?

—I tried many ways over and over again. ____, I made it.

A. Next B. Then

C. Finally D. Suddenly

2. (2016年天津卷) Tom fell off his bike, and his hand was hurt ____.

A. quietly B. carefully

C. slowly D. badly

【解析】

1. C。语境表示“我反复尝试了许多方法。最终,我成功了”。finally意为“最终、最后”,符合语境。

2. D。句意为:汤姆从自行车上摔了下来,他的手严重受伤。badly意为“严重地,厉害地,坏”,符合语境。

【技巧点拨】

对于副词辨析的小题,如果确定了选项的词义与语境的最佳结合点,就基本上敲定了正确答案。

四、考查形容词与副词辨析

【考例】

1. (2016年青岛卷) ____, we saw the sun rise on top of Mount Tai.

A. Lucky B. Luckily

C. Unlucky D. Unluckily

2. (2015年呼和浩特卷) —What do you think of the woman singer?

—Her voice sounds ____. I like her songs.

A. sweet B. sweetly

C. bad D. badly

【解析】

1. B。句意为:幸运的是,我们在泰山山顶看到了日出。空格处做状语,由此结合语境可知,Luckily符合题意。

2. A。语境表示“她的声音(听起来)很甜美”,且系动词sounds之后接形容词做表语,因此sweet与题意相符。

【技巧点拨】

答题时,我们应该首先分析空格处在句中所做的成分,然后把选项的词义与题干的语境结合起来就可确定答案。

五、考查形容词和副词原级的常用句式

【考例】

1. (2016年青岛卷) The talent show is ____ the game show. I like both.

A. as boring as

B. not so bored as

C. as interesting as

D. not so interested as

2. (2016年郴州卷) Though Betty and Lily are twins, Betty isnt so ____ as Lily.

A. more outgoing

B. most outgoing

C. outgoing

3. (2016年烟台卷) —____ weather it is! Shall we go for a picnic?

—I cant agree more.

A. What a good

B. What good

C. How good the

D. How good

4. (2015年沈阳卷) The Silk Road was ____ long that it passed through many countries.

A. quite B. too

C. very D. so

5. (2014年南京卷) —____ brave Zhang Hua is!

—Yes. He helped his neighbor, Mr. Sun out of the fire.

A. What a B. How

C. How a D. What

【解析】

1. C。根据主语可排除B和D两个选项;结合第二句话“I like both”可知,C项与题意相符。

2. C。“not as / so +原级+ as ...”为常用句式,故空格处应用形容词的原级。

3. B。weather为不可数名词,结合感叹句的句式“What (+ a / an) +形容词+名词+主语+谓语!”可知,What good与题意相符。

4. D。题干为so … that引导的结果状语从句。故选D。

5. B。根据句式“How +形容词或副词+主语+谓语!”可知,How符合题意。

【知识链接】

形容词和副词原级的常用句式:

1. Its +形容词+ of + sb. + to do sth.(形容词用于描述人的性格和品质,如brave,careful,clever,foolish,kind,nice,polite,rude,stupid,wrong等)

2. Its +形容词+ for + sb. + to do sth.(形容词用于描述事情,如dangerous,difficult,easy,hard,important,impossible,necessary等)

3. too … to ... “太……而不能……”

4. 形容词或副词+ enough + to do sth.

5. so +形容词或副词+ that +其他

6. such (+ a / an) + 形容词+名词+ that + 其他

7. cant +其他 + too +形容词或副词 (意为“无论怎样……都不为过”)

8. as +形容词或副词的原级+ as(意为“和……一样”)

9. not as / so +原级+ as(表示前者不如后者)

10. as +形容词+ a / an +单数名词+ as +其他

11. as + many / much / few / little +名词+ as +其他

12.分数/百分数/ half / once / twice / three times + as +原级+ as +其他

13. What (+ a / an) +形容词+名词+主语+谓语!

14. How +形容词或副词+主语+谓语!

15. How +形容词+ a / an +可数名词+主语+谓语!

六、考查形容词和副词比较级

(一)在具体语境中考查比较级

【考例】

1. (2016年江西卷) I didnt do very well in this exam. Unluckily, he did it ____.

A. worse B. badly

C. better D. worst

2. (2016年攀枝花卷) —Which season do you like ____ in Panzhihua, dry season or rainy season?

—Rainy season.

A. well B. better

C. best D. the best

【解析】

1. A。根据语境“不幸的是,他考得更糟糕”可知,worse与题意相符。

2. B。句意为:在攀枝花,你更喜欢哪个季节,旱季还是雨季?因此空格处表示比较,应用比较级。故选B。

【技巧点拨】

对于在语境中考查比较级的小题,分析语境和空格处是否暗含比较的语气是准确答题的关键。

(二)在常用句式中考查比较级

【考例】

1. (2016年重庆B卷) —This kind of watch is much ____ today than last month. Would you like to have one?

—Really? Ill take one.

A. the most expensive

B. the cheapest

C. more expensive

D. cheaper

2. (2016年达州卷) —Roy never likes junk food.

—Neither do I. Thats probably why Im becoming ____ now.

A. healthy and weak

B. healthier and healthier

C. weaker and weaker

D. more and more healthily

3. (2016年泰州卷) —The service is very wonderful and the weather is quite fine.

—Yes, this holiday is so great. We have never had ____ before.

A. the better one B. a good one

C. a better one D. the best one

4. (2014年昆明卷) —Its smoggy these days. Thats terrible!

—Yes, I hope to plant trees. ____ trees, ____ air pollution.

A. The more; the fewer

B. The less; the more

C. The less; the fewer

D. The more; the less

5. (2014年杭州卷) Of the two shirts, Id like to choose the ____ one to save some money for a cap.

A. cheapest

B. cheaper

C. more expensive

D. most expensive

【解析】

1. D。根据than可知空格处应用比较级。

2. B。becoming后接形容词,由此可排除D项;此处为句式“比较级+ and +比较级”,结合语境可知,B项符合题意。

3. C。空格后省略了than this holiday,且one表示泛指,因此C项符合题意。该题为否定词与比较级连用表示最高级的含义。

4. D。根据语境“植树越多,空气污染越少”可知,此处为句式“the +比较级(+主语+谓语),the +比较级(+主语+谓语)”。故选D。

5. B。题干为句式“the +形容词比较级(+其他)+ of the two +名词”的省略形式,因此cheaper符合题意。

【知识链接】

比较级的常用句式:

1. 形容词或副词的比较级+ than +其他“比……更……”

2. less +原级+ than ...(意为“比……更不……;不如…… ”)

3. ① 比较级+ than + any other +单数名词+其他

② 比较级+ than + (all) the other +复数名词+其他

③ 比较级+ than + anyone else +其他

④ 比较级+ than + the rest of the other +复数名词或不可数名词+其他

⑤ 比较级+ than + any of the other +复数名词+其他(备注:①~⑤用于同一范围内比较)

⑥ 比较级+ than + any +单数名词+其他(不在同一范围内比较)

4.分数/百分数/ half / once / twice / three times / four times + 比较级+ than +其他

5. the +比较级(+主语+谓语),the +比较级(+主语+谓语)(意为“越……就越……” )

6. 比较级+ and +比较级 (意为“越来越……”)

7. the +形容词比较级(+其他)+ of the two +名词(意为“两者中较……的一个”)

8.“否定词+比较级”有时可表示最高级含义

七、考查形容词和副词比较级的修饰语

【考例】

1. (2014年呼和浩特卷) The box was ____ than I had expected. I was out of breath when I got home.

A. more heavier B. much heavier

C. little heavier D. very heavier

2. (2015年上海卷) Alex did the project on community service ____ better than his classmates.

A. so B. very

C. too D. much

【解析】

1. B。在题干中,more,little和very均不可修饰比较级,而much有这一用法。

2. D。分析题干可知,空格处用于修饰比较级better,只有much可修饰比较级,而其他三个选项均用于修饰形容词或副词的原级。故选D。

【知识链接】

常用于修饰比较级的词或短语有:any,even,still,a little,a bit,much,far,a lot,a great deal,rather等。

八、考查形容词和副词最高级

(一)在语境中考查形容词和副词最高级

【考例】

1. (2016年成都卷) AlphaGo has beaten the top professional go (围棋) player. So many people think its ____ go player in the world.

A. a good B. a better

C. the best

2. (2016年巴中卷) —This is ____ fascinating town I have ever visited.

—Yes, Ive never seen a ____ one.

A. the worst; bigger

B. the most; better

C. the better; best

【解析】

1. C。根据语境“许多人认为AlphaGo是世界上最好的围棋选手”可知,空格处应用最高级。

2. B。根据语境“这是我参观过的最迷人的城镇”可知,第一空应用最高级,由此可排除A和C;而否定词与比较级连用可表示最高级含义,故第二空用比较级。

【技巧点拨】

当三者及以上的人或事物进行比较时才可以使用最高级,这是判断是否应该使用最高级的依据。

(二)在句式中考查形容词和副词最高级

【考例】

1. (2016年临沂卷) Mr. Wang is very friendly to us. He is ____ of all the persons I know.

A. patient B. less patient

C. more patient D. the most patient

2. (2016年襄阳卷) —Lily has two sisters, doesnt she?

—Yes. Shes taller and older than her two sisters, but shes not ____ one of the three.

A. the tallest B. youngest

C. shortest D. the cleverest

【解析】

1. D。根据语境“他是我认识的最有耐心的人”可知,空格处应用最高级。

2. D。语境表示“她不是三个人当中最聪明的一个”,再结合形容词最高级的形式可知,the cleverest符合题意。

【知识链接】

最高级的常用结构:

1. the + 最高级+ in +范围(in后接表示一定区域或组织等空间范围的名词)

2. the + 最高级+ of +范围(of后接表示同一类事物的名词或代词)

3. the +序数词+最高级+名词

4. one of the +最高级+名词

专题训练:

从题后所给选项中,选出可以填入相应空白处的最佳选项。

1. (2016年安徽卷) Dont hurry him. You will just have to be ____ and wait until he finishes the work.

A. active B. careful

C. patient D. famous

2. (2016年黄冈卷) —Your father never shops online. Whys that?

—He says theyre much ____ but the products are not really good.

A. nicer B. cheap

C. nice D. cheaper

3. (2016年泰安卷) —I will try my best to win in the School Talent Show.

—If so, all of us will be ____ you.

A. proud of B. careful with

C. strict with D. worried about

4. (2015年安徽卷) Now, people have more free time. Square Dancing is becoming more and more ____.

A. comfortable B. difficult

C. different D. popular

5. (2016年东营卷) —Have you read the book Harry Potter?

—Sure. Eric is also ____ it and we become friends because of that.

A. proud of B. afraid of

C. serious about D. interested in

6. (2016年长沙卷) —What do you think of the movie Zootopia?

—Hmm … I think it is ____ movie that I have ever seen these years.

A. a good B. a better

C. the best

7. (2016年株洲卷) As our children get bigger, our house seems to get ____.

A. the smaller B. smaller

C. smallest

8. (2016年泰州卷) —Wechat (微信) really influences peoples life.

—____. It is easier for us to keep in touch with others.

A. Mainly B. Exactly

C. Simply D. Mostly

9. (2015年武威卷) Staying with families and friends is one of ____ things in the world.

A. the happiest B. happier

C. the happy D. happiest

10. (2016年襄阳卷) —You like to drink coffee, dont you?

—Yes. But Im ____ drinking tea, too.

A. able to B. similar to

C. used to D. ready to

11. (2016年苏州卷) —Playing video games is a waste of time.

—I cant agree more. There are ____ meaningful things to do.

A. the most B. the least

C. more D. less

12. (2016年绵阳卷) I dont want to go shopping. ____, I havent got any money.

A. Then B. However

C. Besides D. Instead

13. (2015年安顺卷) This kind of T-shirt looks ____ and sells ____ in the market.

A. nice; good B. well; well

C. nice; well D. good; nice

14. (2015年广州卷) Emma looked after her pet dog ____ of all her friends.

A. careful

B. most careful

C. more carefully

D. the most carefully

15. (2015年宁夏卷) ____ exciting news it is!

A. What B. What an

C. How D. How an

16. (2015年天津卷) I ____ ride a bike to school. But this morning, I walked to school.

A. never B. hardly

C. seldom D. usually

17. (2015年河南卷) —What a clear blue sky it is!

—Yes. I have never seen ____ sky.

A. a more beautiful

B. a most beautiful

C. the more beautiful

D. the most beautiful

18. (2015年无锡卷) Why did she get so mad? It was only a ____ joke.

A. hopeless B. hopeful

C. harmless D. harmful

19. (2015年天津卷) Meimei thinks maths is ____ than Chinese.

A. easy B. easier

C. the easiest D. very easy

20. (2016年济宁卷) In order to pass the exam, you need to work much ____ now.

A. hard B. harder

C. hardest D. hardly

21. (2015年泰安卷) —How are you getting along with your English study?

—Much better. I dont feel it was as ____ as before.

A. interesting B. much

C. difficult D. easy

22. (2016年重庆A卷) It was late. She opened the door ____ because she didnt want to wake up her grandma.

A. angrily B. quietly

C. loudly D. heavily

23. (2016年安徽卷) Mr. Blacks memory is getting ____. As a result, he often leaves his keys at home.

A. older B. poorer

C. greater D. better

24. (2015年云南卷) ____ useful robot! It can help with the housework like a human servant.

A. How B. What an

C. How a D. What a

25. (2016年天津卷) A journey by train is ____ than by coach.

A. more relaxing

B. relaxing

C. most relaxing

D. the most relaxing

26. (2016年重庆B卷) I cant hear you ____. Please speak a little louder.

A. clearly B. lovely

C. widely D. friendly

27. (2015年襄阳卷) —Its cold today. I cant stand it. I hope tomorrow wont be so ____.

—I cant, either. But the radio says it will be even ____ tomorrow.

A. cold; cold B. cold; colder

C. colder; colder D. colder; coldest

28. (2016年威海卷) —Is Tom ____ boy in your class?

—Yes. Nobody is taller than him.

A. the tallest B. the strongest

C. the cleverest

29. (2016年威海卷) Grandma is rather deaf, so you must speak clearly and ____ to her.

A. quietly B. loudly

C. noisily

30. (2015年无锡卷) —The stuntman is planning to walk on the wings of a flying plane.

—What?! Ive never heard of ____ idea before.

A. a crazier B. the crazier

C. a craziest D. the craziest

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副词和副词词组
比较级结构高考考查大盘点
hardly是hard的派生词吗?
新目标八年级(下)Units 1—2句子解密