中考数词热门考点透视
2017-01-05李建高
李建高
一、考查基数词的用法
【真题】(2016年济南卷) —How many hours do you sleep every night?
—About ____ hours. From 9:00 p.m. to 6:00 a.m.
A. nine B. nineteen
C. ninth D. ninety
【答案】A
【解析】句意为:——你每晚睡几个小时?——大约9个小时。从晚上9点到早上6点。基数词用于表示事物的数量。由From 9:00 p.m. to 6:00 a.m.不难推算出睡眠时间为“9个小时”,空白处应填基数词nine。
【温馨提示】基数词的构成:
(1)0~12为基本单词;13~19为对应的个位数单词或变形后加-teen,如:16→sixteen。整十的基数词(10除外)为其对应个位数单词或变形后加-ty,如:80→eighty。
(2)两位数基数词的十位与个位数之间用连字符“-”连接,如:57→fifty-seven。
(3)三位数的基数词须在百位和十位(若无十位则和个位)之间用and连接,如:365→three hundred and sixty-five。
(4)1000以上的基数词从数字的右端向左端数起,每三位数后面加一个逗号。第一个逗号前的数为thousand,第二个逗号前的数为million,第三个逗号前的数为billion。两个逗号之间最大的数为百位数。如:2,383,820,966→two billion three hundred and eighty-three million eight hundred and twenty thousand nine hundred and sixty-six。
二、考查序数词的用法
【真题1】(2016年武威卷) July 1st of this year is the ____ birthday of the CPC (中国共产党).
A. ninety-five B. ninetieth-fifth
C. ninetieth-five D. ninety-fifth
【答案】D
【解析】句意为:今年的7月1日是中国共产党第95个生日。“第95个”用序数词ninety-fifth表示,并且序数词前面要加定冠词the,表示顺序。
【温馨提示】序数词的构成:
(1) 除“第一”“第二”“第三”外,其他序数词都是在基数词后面加-th构成,其中有些词在拼写上有细微的变化。如:fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth, twentieth等。
(2) 两位数的词,只需把个位数变为序数词。如:第二十二→twenty-second。
(3) 三位以上的词,只需要把最后的两位数变为序数词。如:第九百九十九→nine hundred and ninety-ninth。
另外,序数词可以用缩写形式来表示,如:“第一”“第二”“第三”的缩写形式分别是1st, 2nd, 3rd;其他序数词的缩写形式是在阿拉伯数字后面加-th。
【真题2】(2016年泸州卷) On her ____ birthday, she got an iPad as a gift from her father.
A. twelve B. twelfth
C. the twelve D. the twelfth
【答案】B
【解析】句意为:在她12岁生日时,她从父亲那里得到一部iPad。“第12个生日”用序数词twelfth表示,当名词前有限定词(如形容词性物主代词或名词所有格等)修饰时,就不再用定冠词the。
【真题3】(2016年随州卷) —If your parents wanted to have a ____ child, would you agree?
—Of course. But they should make it in ____ years time.
A. second; second B. two; two
C. second; two D. two; second
【答案】C
【解析】句意为:——如果你的父母想再要一个孩子,你会同意吗?——当然。但他们应该在两年之后再要。当序数词前加不定冠词a或an时,意为“又一,再一”。
三、考查hundreds / thousands / millions / billions of等的用法
【真题1】(2016年淮安卷) More than two ____ trees are planted in our neighborhood every year.
A. hundred B. hundreds
C. hundreds of D. hundred of
【答案】A
【解析】句意为:每年在我们的街区栽种200多棵树。当hundred, thousand, million, billion等词前面有基数词修饰时,要用单数形式。本题中hundred前面有基数词two修饰,所以用单数形式,并且其后不接of。
【真题2】(2016年安顺卷) Unluckily, ____ people were killed in the earthquake.
A. two thousands B. thousand of
C. two thousands of D. thousands of
【答案】D
【解析】句意为:不幸的是,成千上万的人在这次地震中丧生。hundreds / thousands / millions / billions of意为“数百/千/百万/十亿的”,前面不用基数词,但可用many, several等词修饰。本题中thousands of意为“成千上万的”。
四、考查“基数词+名词(+形容词)”构成的复合形容词
【真题1】(2015年孝感卷) Last year, three hundred English teachers took part in the ____ English Training.
A. two-month B. two-months
C. two months D. two month
【答案】A
【解析】句意为:去年,300名英语老师参加了为期两个月的英语培训。在“数词+名词(+形容词)”构成的复合形容词中,词与词之间要用连字符“-”连接,并且名词要用单数形式。“两个月的”是复合形容词,表示为“two-month”。
【真题2】(2016年连云港卷) —Yan Jiashuo, a ____ girl, has won the prize of International Master of Memory.
—Wow, shes great, isnt she?
A. ten-year-old B. ten-years-old
C. ten year old D. ten years old
【答案】A
【解析】句意为:——闫家硕,一个10岁的女孩,已经获得国际记忆大师奖。——哇,她真了不起,不是吗?“10岁的”是复合形容词,表示为“ten-year-old”。
五、考查分数的表达
【真题1】(2016年兰州卷) ____ of the students in Class 6 have lunch at school.
A. Two fifth B. One thirds
C. Three fifth D. Three quarters
【答案】D
【解析】句意为:在六班有四分之三的学生在学校吃午饭。“四分之三”可用“three quarters”表示。
【温馨提示】分数的构成:
表示“几分之几”,英语中常用基数词做分子,序数词做分母。当分子是1时,分母用单数形式;当分子大于1时,分母用复数形式。另外,表达“二分之一”,可用one half或a half。表达“四分之几”,可用“基数词+ quarter(s)”。
【真题2】(2016年龙东卷) About ____ of the land ____ covered with trees and grass.
A. three fifths; is B. three fifths; are
C. three fifth; are
【答案】A
【解析】句意为:大约五分之三的土地被树木和草地覆盖。“五分之三”表示为“three fifths”;本题中的land为不可数名词,所以谓语动词用is。
六、考查年龄的表达
【真题】(2015年苏州卷) Tonys mum looks young and beautiful. Its hard to imagine she is already in her ____.
A. fifties B. fifty
C. fiftieths D. fiftieth
【答案】A
【解析】句意为:托尼的妈妈看起来既年轻又漂亮。很难想象她已经50多岁了。“在她50多岁时”应表示为“in her fifties”。
【温馨提示】“in ones + 逢十的基数词复数”,表示“某人几十岁”。
七、考查编号的表达
【真题】(2016年广东卷) Please turn to page ____ and take a look at the picture on it.
A. the eightieth B. eightieth
C. eighties D. eighty
【答案】D
【解析】句意为:请翻到第80页,看上面的这幅图。“第80页”可表示为“page eighty / the eightieth page”。
八、考查日期和年代的表达
【真题】(2015年邵阳卷) —Whats the date today?
—Its June ____, 2015.
A. seventeen B. the seventeen
C. the seventeenth
【答案】C
【解析】句意为:——今天几号?——2015年6月17日。“2015年6月17日”应表达为“Its June the seventeenth, 2015”。
【温馨提示】日期的构成:
英语中,年、月、日的表达一般是“年在后,月、日在前”,书写时“日期”用基数词或序数词皆可。另外,“in the + 年份的复数”表示“……年代”;“in the + 序数词 + century”表示“在……世纪”。如:
The play tells us stories in the 1960s. 这部剧讲述了发生在20世纪60年代的故事。
Do you know who is the greatest scientist in the twentieth century? 你知道谁是20世纪最伟大的科学家吗?
强化训练:
从A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入相应空白处的最佳选项。
1. Susans new apartment is on ____ floor. Lets go upstairs to have a look.
A. two B. second
C. the two D. the second
2. Eric loves reading. He has read ____ famous books this month.
A. two B. second
C. twice D. the second
3. —Our city is going to hold the ____ Culture Festival.
—I see. And our school will take part in ____ activities.
A. tenth; tenth B. tenth; ten
C. ten; tenth D. ten; ten
4. Last year, Jimmy had his ____ vacation in Sanya.
A. ten day B. ten days
C. ten-day D. ten-days
5. Though Maggie is young, she has already read ____ books.
A. two hundreds B. hundred of
C. hundreds of D. hundreds
6. When he was ____, he wrote the novel.
A. on fifties B. on his fifties
C. in fifties D. in his fifties
7. As we all know, ____ of the earth ____ made up of oceans.
A. two third; is B. two thirds; is
C. two third; are D. two thirds; are
8. In order to finish the task, weve tried three times, and after dinner well try ____ time.
A. the four B. four
C. fourth D. a fourth
9. —Were Ann and Lily born in the ____?
—Yes, both of them were born in ____.
A. 1999; 1990s B. 1999; 1999
C. 1990s; 1999 D. 1990s; 1990s
10. —Has Miss Zhao been back?
—Not yet. She will come back ____ the evening of August ____.
A. on; the twelfth B. on; the twelve
C. in; the twelve D. in; twelfth
11. Toby got many presents on his ____ birthday.
A. twelve B. the twelve
C. twelfth D. the twelfth
12. In our classroom, ____ of the students come from the countryside.
A. one four B. one fourth
C. first four D. first fourth
13. Football is so exciting that ____ people in the world play the game.
A. million of B. millions of
C. two million of D. two millions
14. The world population was over six ____ by the end of the 20th century.
A. billion B. billions
C. billion of D. billions of
15. The correct pronunciation of “2016年12月23日” is ____.
A. December the twenty-third, two thousand and sixteen
B. December twenty-third, twenty and sixteen
C. December twenty-three, twenty and sixteen
D. December the twenty-three, twenty and sixteen