结合经典考题例谈代词考点

赵昌铁

代词主要用来代替人、事物或事件。代词的主要用途就是代替出现过的特定词、短语或句子，避免重复。代词分为人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、不定代词、关系代词、连接代词、疑问代词。

一、考情表析

从上面的表格可以看出，全国I、II卷对代词在完形填空中考查的比重很小，2014、2015年均未考查，只是在2016年I卷中有考查。因此，考生在复习过程中不用花费很多时间。另外解答完形填空试题应遵循一个原则，即：“答案在文中，答案在生活中”。

分析表格信息可知，新课标全国I、II卷对代词在语法填空中处于交替考查的状态，且2015年和2016年I卷中所给的提示词均为it，我们可以理解为所给提示词大部分为主格形式，其答案一般填物主代词形式，2014年II卷给的提示词为I，其答案却为me或mine。也就是说，平时做题的时候多思考，答案还可能不唯一，但答对一个即可得分。

分析上表可以看出，2015、2016连续两年而且是两套新课标全国卷对代词都有考查，这预示着明年代词仍然可能会考查，考生在备考时需要对his和our引起注意。

二、考点归纳

考点1：代词与完形填空

对于代词在完形填空中的考查需要记住三点，第一：知道备选项代词的意思；第二：借助上下文语境分析锁定某个答案；第三：将所选的答案还原语境，验证答案。

【典例1】 Suddenly， he saw a car with its bright lights on. 43 As he got closer， he found 44 vehicle upside down on the road. （2016年全国I卷）

A. each B. another

C. that D. his

【解析】B。上文“a car with its bright lights on”表明，Larry先看到一辆亮着大灯的汽车，接着又看到另一（another）辆翻在地上的车。故本空选B。

【典例2】 When we were finally 34 safe on the other side， he said to me， “You know， I didnt tell you this during the season， but you did 35 fine. Thank you for filling in for 36 .” （2016年全国III卷）

A. us B. yourself

C. me D. them

【解析】C。根据该句中“...he said to me...”可以判断，这里是Miller为我帮助他向我（me）表示感谢，故选C。

【典例3】People were always doing things that annoyed her， and 39 was ever good enough. （2015年福建卷）

A. anything B. everything

C. something D. nothing

【解析】D。由and前面的句子可知，此处表示“没有一件事情（nothing）她觉得好”，故选D。

【典例4】 Since the quake， many of 43 had been working constantly， without any good sleep.

A. whom B. them

C. which D. that

【解析】B。本句是一个简单句，缺少的是主语成分，用them来代替前面提到的营救人员，故选B。

考点2：代词与语法填空

语法填空的纯空格处的设题，重点考查人称代词，其次是考查不定代词以及作形式主语或形式宾语的it。在给提示词的设题中，可能给出人称代词，要求考生填其物主代词或反身代词，也可能给出主格，要求填宾格。

【典例1】 On my recent visit， I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by

68 （it） mother. （2016年全国I卷）

【解析】its。根据该句中“a lively three-month-old twin”可知用its。

【典例2】A few hours 62 before/ earlier， Id been at home in Hong Kong， with 63 （it） choking smog. （2015年全国Ⅰ卷）

【解析】its。这里指香港的污浊空气，因此填its。

【典例3】A woman on the bus shouted， “Oh dear！ Its 69 （I）.” （2014年全国II卷）

【解析】mine/ me。句意：那个行李箱是我的。或者可以理解为：丢东西的那个人是我。故填mine/ me。

【典例4】She showed me that 64 （her） was out of ink and would not write.

【解析】hers。分析该句结构可知，空处充当宾语从句的主语，故用名词性物主代词hers，指代“她的钢笔”。

考点3：代词与短文改错

解答这部分题目时需注意两点，第一：弄清指代对象（即：弄清句中代词所指代的是人还是物；指代对象是男还是女；是单数还是复数）；第二：留意三无名词（即：留意前面无冠词、无物主代词、无不定代词的名词）。

【典例1】Instead， he hopes that our business will grow steadily. （2016年全国I卷）

【解析】our→his。根据该句主语he，结合上文他介绍自己的商业成功经验可知，这里是说他的生意。

【典例2】 If we go on a trip abroad， we can broaden your view and gain knowledge we cannot get from books. （2016年全国II卷）

【解析】your→our。根据主句主语we可知，此处指开拓我们的视野。

【典例3】We must find ways to protect your environment. （2015年全国I卷）

【解析】your→our/ the。本句的主语是We，因此后面的物主代词改为our，此处也可以改为定冠词the。

【典例4】Five minutes later， Tony saw parents. （2015年全国II卷）

【解析】在parents前加his。此处指Tony看到他的父母，故在其前面加his。

三、牛刀小试

（一）单句填空

1. Greek people often wear a blue necklace hoping to protect _______ （they） against evils.

2. The new designs are much better than the old _______ .

3. On the contrary， ________ is thought that opening online stores will distract students from their study.

4. Reading is obviously beneficial to both ________ （we） life and study， which can not only broaden our horizon but enrich our life as well.

5. Some baboons were given the chance to watch another baboon who already knew how to solve the task， while ________ had to learn for themselves.

（二）单句改错

6. Im writing to tell you opinion about water saving.

7. Many countries in the world find we dont have enough water.

8. Im glad to say that anything has worked out fine in the dorm.

9. A little girl was hurt and his mother needed help.

10. We would be grateful if you could join them that day.

11. While the others are jumping about in the air， I can run under my legs and get the ball.

12. I was only about six when he held his hand out to me. I took it in me and we walked.

13. Otherwise， it is impossible for him to help each other .

14. Three years ago， Li Mings parents invited I to spend two wonderful weeks in Qingdao with them during the summer holiday.

15. Convinced， Nick has brought the price down to 10 cents a piece. Without a moments delay， my neighbor picked up the box and announced “Ill take them.”

（三）语法填空

In much of Asia， especially the so-called “rice bowl” cultures of China， Japan， Korea， 16 Vietnam， food is usually eaten with chopsticks.

Chopsticks are usually two long， thin pieces of wood or bamboo. 17 （them） can also be made of plastic， animal bone or metal. Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic. Truly elegant chopsticks might be made 18 gold and silver with Chinese characters. Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal 19

（create） special designs.

The Chinese have used chopsticks for five thousand years. People probably cooked

20 （they） food in large pots， using twigs（树枝）to remove it. Over time， 21 the population grew， people began cutting food into small pieces so 22 （its） would cook more quickly. Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which gradually turned into chopsticks.

23 people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius， who lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C.， influenced the development of chopsticks. Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and 24 （be） too violent for use at the table.

Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia. In India， for example， most people 25

（traditional） eat with their hands.