大学英语中动词—ing和不定式的比较
2016-11-11李明会
李明会
摘 要: 本文从如下三个方面阐述了动词不定式-ing和不定式的区别:只能使用动词-ing形式而不能使用不定式的情况,只能使用不定式而不能使用动词-ing的情形,既能使用不定式又能使用-ing的情况,以便让学生完全掌握动词-ing和动词不定式的区别。
关键词: 大学英语 动词-ing 不定式 比较
动词-ing和动词不定式都属于非谓语,往往是学生难以掌握的语法点,笔者从以下三个方面进行讲解。
一、在某些情况下只能用动词的-ing形式而不能用不定式。
1.有些动词能直接带-ing形式作它的宾语,而不能带不定式,如:admit,advise,appreciate,avoid,consider,delay,deny,dislike,enjoy,escape,favor,finish,imagine,involve,keep,mind,miss,postpone,practice,resist,risk,suggest等。Eg:
We are considering opening a new office in Beijing.
我们正考虑在北京开设一家新的办事处。
Be quiet!He has not finished speaking.安静!他还没有说完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.我喜欢打网球。
2.有些短语动词后通常跟-ing形式,如:give up,put off,keep on ,carry on,cant help,feel like等。Eg:
You ought to give up smoking.你应该戒烟。
I will have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推迟到下星期。
I cant help thinking he knows more than he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的远比告诉我们的要多。
3.有些结构通常要求使用-ing短语,如:its no use doing sth.,its no good doing sth.,have difficulty doing sth.,have trouble doing sth.,spend/waste time doing sth.,theres no point (in) doing sth.,its a waste of time/money doing sth.等。Eg:
Im sure you will have no difficulty passing the examination.
我敢肯定你考试及格没问题。
Theres no point (in) buying a car if you dont want to drive.
如果你不想开车,买车就没有意义了。
Its no good asking Tom to help you.叫汤姆帮助你是没有的。
二、在某些情况下只能使用不定式而不能使用动词的-ing形式。
1.有些动词能带不定式 作它们的宾语,而不能带-ing形式,如:agree,choose,decide,expect,hope,plan,prepare,learn,refuse,wish,fail,manage,neglect,offer,promise,threaten等。Eg:
Making history in my family is yet another important thing I hope to gain from my college education.
在我的家庭中创造历史 是我希望 从 大学 教育中得到的又一样重要的东西。
From a college education I plan to purse higher learning,to begin a career and to make history in my family.
我计划从 大学教育中追求更高深的知识,开始一种职业生涯并在我的家庭中创造历史。
One must learn to do such things as applying math skills as well as being responsible and independent.
一个人不仅要 学会 如何应用数学技能,还要成为负责、独立的人。
He promised to keep the secret.他承诺保守秘密。
We tend to get caught up in everyday business and concerns and forget some of the things that are most important.
我们往往被日常事务缠住而忘记一些最为重要的事情。
2.有些动词后面常跟“宾语+不定式”,这些动词包括allow,advise,ask,cause,consider,enable,encourage,force,invite,order,show,teach,tell等。Eg:
Though in great pain,he forced himself to exercise daily and finally took a few painful steps.
虽然疼痛难熬,但他仍然强迫自己每天锻炼,最后终于痛苦地走了几步。
We invited Miss Smith to attend our party.
我们邀请了史密斯小姐来参加我们的晚会。
Learning allows us to be familiar with our environment and every in it ,and it allows us to maintain assurance of ourselves.
学习让我们熟悉我们的环境和环境中的每一个人,它让我们对自己保存信心。
Our teacher encourages us to speak English whenever theres a chance.
我们的 老师鼓励我们一有机会就讲英语。
3.有些动词后面可以跟“疑问词(WH-word)+不定式”,这些动词包括ask,explain,imagine,learn,understand,deide,forget,know,remember,wonder等。Eg:
I didnt know what to call him.我当时不知道该怎样称呼他.
She had forgotten how to do it. 她已忘记如何做了。
Its up to you to decide where to have the party.由你决定在哪里聚会。
4.有些动词后面可以跟“宾语+疑问词+不定式”,这些动词包括ask,remind,show,teach,tell等。Eg:
I asked him what to do. 我问他该怎么办。
Well show her how to use the dictionary.我们会教她如何使用这本词典。
Our teacher taught us how to write personal letters in English.
我们的老师教过我们怎样用英语写私人信件。
三、在某些情况下既能使用不定式,又能使用动词-ing形式,但有时两种形式所表达的意义是有差别的。
1.下面的动词后用不定式或用-ing形式作宾语,意义上几乎无差别:begin,start,prefer,continue,但当这些动词用于进行时的时候,后面一般用不定。Eg:
She started to cry.=She started crying.
They continued to talk.=They continued talking.
I didnt begin to read the book until she came in.
=I didnt begin to read the book until she came in .
Its starting/beginning to rain.(不用:Its starting/ beginning raining.)
2.下面的一些动词后用不定式或用-ing形式作宾语,在意义上是有差别的:remember,forget,regret,try,mean。Eg:
He has forgotten to meet her.他忘了要去见她。(表示要发生的动作)
He has forgotten meeting her last year.(表示已经发生的动作)
He tried to learn Japanese.他试图学习日语。(想做某事)
He tried learning Japanese.他试着学习日语。(尝试做某事)
3.go on,stop 后跟不定式和跟-ing形式在意义上也是有区别的。Eg:
After reading the text,the teacher went on to explain the new words.
读完课文后,老师接着解释生词。(接下去做另一件事)
He said nothing but just went on working.
他什么也没说,只是继续干活。(继续做同一件事)
They stopped to take a few pictures.他们停下来拍了几张照片。(停下来去做另一件事)
They stopped taking pictures.他们停止了照相。 (停止做某事)
参考文献:
[1]翟象俊,陈永捷,余建中,梁正溜主编.21世纪大学实用英语(第2版)综合教程 1.
[2]翟象俊,陈永捷,余建中,梁正溜主编.21世纪大学实用英语(第2版)综合教程 2.
[3]翟象俊,陈永捷,余建中,梁正溜主编.21世纪大学实用英语(第2版)综合教程 3.
[4]翟象俊,陈永捷,余建中,梁正溜主编.21世纪大学实用英语(第2版)综合教程 4.