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立足单元内容提升写作能力

2016-07-27张强韩子传

关键词:高三复习

张强+韩子传

摘 要:高三复习阶段学生英语写作能力的训练,可以以复习单元的内容为基础,在单元复习中渗透写作能力的锻炼,将单元话题与高考写作相融合,从而提高学生的英语写作能力。

关键词:高三复习;单元内容;话题写作

《普通高中英语课程标准(实验)》在课程目标中提出,高中英语课程应强调在进一步发展学生综合语言运用能力的基础上,着重提高学生用英语获取信息、处理信息、分析问题和解决问题的能力,并提高学生用英语进行思维和表达的能力[1]。然而,在进入高三后,很多教师都会困惑于如何把新课程理念同高三的复习结合起来。首先,由于高三复习任务重、时间紧,使得很多教师在复习中不停赶进度,课堂出现满堂灌现象。其次,在频繁的考试影响下,很多教师把应试能力和实际语言运用能力当作两个对立面。为求短期的分数,本末倒置,削弱了对语言实际运用能力的操练。再则,不少教师把高三复习等同于知识点的回顾,不注重知识点积累和写作能力的衔接过渡。为此,我们在高三复习时尝试以单元内容为基础,在单元复习中渗透语言运用能力训练,最后把单元复习和高考写作相结合,来提高学生的英语写作能力。下面,以一节借班上课的公开课为例,探讨在高三单元复习中如何立足单元内容提升学生的写作能力。

一、教学内容分析

教学内容为NSEFC Book 8 Unit 3 Cloning。这个单元的中心话题是克隆,具体涉及了什么是克隆、克隆的可能性、克隆羊多莉是如何诞生的、克隆的利弊等。因此,理解这个单元需要一定的科学知识。该单元的主要语法知识是同位语从句。

二、教学实施过程

(一)在轻松气氛中导入话题

在师生简单问候之后,教师先后抛出两个问题。

Question 1: I hear that the students in this class are very friendly. Is it true?

Question 2: Will you make friends with me?

(在得到学生的肯定回答后)

T: As we are friends now, I would like to introduce one of my friends to you. He is Mr B. He has something to tell you.

(教师呈现一个简短而有趣的flash。阿B是里面的人物,他用中文配合漫画介绍了什么是克隆)

【设计说明】利用师生之间互不认识所造成的信息差,以学生是否friendly展开话题。经过问答,学生在潜意识里认为老师觉得他们是friendly,所以会开心地给予肯定的回答。后面的flash形象生动,自然导入到了这个单元的话题。

(二)在语言复现中展开运用

T: Mr B has told you something about clone. But can you tell me more about it, since we have learned it before.

(给学生一两分钟的准备时间,然后让学生讲述关于克隆的知识)

T: You really learned well. So according to what you learned, please fill in the blanks.

Cloning is a way of making an e________ copy of another animal or plant. However, cloning plants d________ greatly from cloning animals. The former one is s_________, while the latter one is complicated. In 1996, there was a b_________—the cloning of Dolly.

But Dolly only lived for six years, which made the scientists feel c________ down. Dollys appearance had a great i________ on the world. Some people suggest extinct animals be b_______ back to life by cloning.

As for cloning human beings, governments are nervous and c_________. Religious leaders are worried about some m________ questions that may be raised. Some evil leaders want to a_______ their ambitions by cloning themselves.

(答案:exact; differs; simple; breakthrough; cast; impact; brought; conservative; moral; attain)

(学生填完并校对后)

T: Do you want to clone yourselves, if possible? Why?

(几个学生给出自己的想法)

T: You have different ideas. But if I have a chance, I will clone myself. I will show you my reasons. Look at the passage, which one in the brackets should I choose? Give your reasons.

I do not (object to; against; opposed to) cloning myself. A clone of myself can help a lot. “He” can clean my car and keep it (in; on) good condition when I am busy; if I want to (join; join in) my colleagues who are playing basketball, “he” can help to teach in the classroom, and I neednt (pay for; pay off) his work; when something unexpected and dangerous (happens; takes place), I will send my clone to deal with it. Of course I must forbid him (do; to do) anything illegal, or “he” will be bound to (cause; causing) trouble.

【设计说明】以上教学首先是让学生回到课本中,然后通过讲述克隆知识和“我”的观点,既整理复习了课文知识,又使得这些语言知识得到了运用。并在最后一步中,要求学生说出括号中的词汇用法的区别,处理了一些比较重要词汇的辨析。

T: This is my opinion about cloning. Since we are friends, I want to tell you more about myself. OK?

Ss: OK.

T: Now I would like to tell you a wonderful dream I made the other day. Can you guess what I dreamt about?

(学生给出各种猜测,然后教师呈现一张处理过的自己的照片)

T: I was cloned in the dream. Now please translate the sentences and let me share the story.

1.我最喜欢的事是打篮球(what; adore)。

2.我有一些一起打篮球的朋友(who)。

3.一天,他们告诉我将不再和我一起玩(that)。

4.我不知道他们为什么会突然不喜欢我(idea)。

5.后来,我发现是我的克隆在昨天的比赛中作弊(the truth)。

6.但是我的朋友们并不相信我说的事实(the truth)。

7.我的克隆昨天做的事情让我非常难过(what)。

(参考答案:1.What I adore most is playing basketball. 2.I have some friends with whom I often play basketball together. 3.One day, they tell me that they would not play with me any longer. 4.I have no idea why they dislike me suddenly. 5.Later, I find the truth that my clone cheated in yesterdays game. 6.But my friends do not believe the truth that I tell them. 7.What my clone did yesterday makes me very upset.)

【设计说明】在以上教学中,教师把学生的注意力慢慢从课本转移到教师身上,但是话题没变,依然是克隆。学生通过翻译来复习同位语从句,有利于提升学生的语法实际运用能力。在翻译其中一些句子的时候,教师要求学生讲出是什么从句,与其他句子有什么区别。例如,考虑到不少学生对定语从句和同位语从句中关系词的异同感到困惑,我们要求他们说出第3句和第5、6句中that的区别。

(三)在写作练习中提升能力

T: Unexpected things will happen when one is cloned. What unexpected things do you think may happen especially when one of these people is cloned?

(幻灯片上呈现六个人的照片:毛泽东、希特勒、孔子、爱因斯坦、刘翔以及他们的班主任)

T: Now work in groups of three, and make a short story about what may happen if one of them is cloned. Try to use the words and phrases in this unit, at least five. And pay attention to the grammatical structure.

(三四分钟后,几组学生派代表把小故事讲出来)

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