新型吲唑类化合物的合成及其抗肿瘤活性
2016-05-09周云鹏宋端正张秋实
周云鹏, 何 畅, 宋端正, 陈 烨, 刘 举, 张秋实, 王 洋
(辽宁大学 药学院 辽宁省新药研发重点实验室,辽宁 沈阳 110036)
·研究论文·
新型吲唑类化合物的合成及其抗肿瘤活性
周云鹏, 何 畅, 宋端正, 陈 烨, 刘 举, 张秋实, 王 洋*
(辽宁大学 药学院 辽宁省新药研发重点实验室,辽宁 沈阳 110036)
以2,6-二氟苯腈与吗啉反应制得2-氟-6-吗啉-苯腈(1); 1与水合肼在N-甲基吡咯烷酮中通过环合反应制得3-氨基-4-吗啉-1H-吲唑(2); 2与不同羧酸经缩合反应合成了8个新型吲唑类化合物(4a~4h),其结构经1H NMR, IR和HR-ESI-MS表征。抗肿瘤活性测试结果表明:3,4,5-三甲氧基-氮-(4-吗啉-1H吲唑-3-基)苯甲酰胺(4a)的抗肿瘤活性最好,对K-562, SMMC7721和T-47D肿瘤细胞有明显抑制作用,IC50分别为0.056 μmol·L-1, 0.062 μmol·L-1和0.078 μmol·L-1。
2,6-二氟苯腈; 吲唑衍生物; 合成; 抗肿瘤活性
吲唑衍生物是一类重要的杂环化合物,因其具有广泛的生物活性,已成为药学领域的研究热点[1-4]。2004年,Liou等[5]报道了具有抗肿瘤活性的考布他汀(CA-4)通过抑制微管蛋白聚集,造成肿瘤细胞的坏死。CA-4对包括很多耐药瘤株在内的多种肿瘤细胞均有强大的细胞毒作用,尤其是其具有肿瘤血管生成抑制作用。2007年,Duan等[6]报道作为考布他汀类似结构的吲唑衍生物具有明显的抗癌活性,IC50为13 nmol·L-1(H460,人类大细胞肺癌细胞株),并明确报道了3-位取代吲唑为微管蛋白抑制剂的药理作用;同年,Tung等[7]通过对5,6-二元稠环化合物的研究发现3-苯甲酰吲唑AA具有较好的活性,其对胃癌MKN45细胞的IC50为95 nmol·L-1,对口腔鳞状细胞癌KB细胞的IC50为70 nmol·L-1,但是没有进行深入研究该类化合物的构效关系。血管内皮因子生长抑制剂帕唑替尼[8]和阿西替尼[9]等吲唑母核类抗肿瘤药物具有选择性强和副作用小等优势而具有广阔的应用前景,因此,深入研究吲唑衍生物使其具有高选择性、低毒性的抗肿瘤活性具有十分重要的现实意义。
Scheme 1
本文以2,6-二氟苯腈与吗啉反应制得2-氟-6-吗啉-苯腈(1); 1与水合肼在N-甲基吡咯烷酮中通过环合反应制得3-氨基-4-吗啉-1H-吲唑(2); 2与不同羧酸(3a~3h)通过缩合反应合成8个新型吲唑类化合物(4a~4h, Scheme 1),其结构经1H NMR, IR和HR-ESI-MS表征。并对其抗肿瘤活性进行了研究。
1 实验部分
1.1 仪器与试剂
X-4A型显微熔点仪(温度未校正);ARX-600型核磁共振仪(DMSO-d6为溶剂,TMS为内标);Spectrum One型红外光谱仪(KBr压片);LCQ Advantage MAX 10型离子肼质谱仪。
所用试剂均为分析纯。
1.2 合成
(1) 1的合成[10]
在反应瓶中依次加入2,6-二氟苯腈20.0 g(144 mmol),无水碳酸钾40.0 g(289 mmol)和DMSO 300 mL,搅拌下于90 ℃缓慢滴加吗啉13.2 g(152 mmol),滴毕,反应3 h。冷却至室温,倒入冰水中(析出白色晶体),过滤,滤饼干燥得白色固体1 18.0 g,产率90%, m.p.69~70 ℃。
(2) 2的合成[11]
在反应瓶中依次加入1 15.0 g(73 mmol)和无水N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)15 mL,搅拌使其溶解;升温至70 ℃,滴入98%水合肼40 mL(730 mmol),滴毕,反应23 h。搅拌下倾入冰水溶液(析出白色固体),过滤,滤饼干燥得2 14.5 g,产率97%, m.p.207~208 ℃;1H NMR(CDCl3)δ: 7.25(m, 1H), 6.7(d,J=4.2 Hz, 1H), 6.6(d,J=3.6 Hz, 1H), 5.5(s, 2H), 3.9(m, 4H), 3.1(m, 4H); IRν: 3 475, 3 374, 3 272, 2 950, 2 854, 2 836, 1 603, 1 526, 1 509, 1 452, 1 236, 1 108 cm-1; HR-ESI-MSm/z: Calcd for C11H14N4O{[M+H]+}218.122 4, found 218.122 5。
(3) 4a~4h的合成(以4d为例)
在反应瓶中依次加入2 0.68 g(3.58 mmol), 3,4,5-三甲氧基苯甲酸(3d)0.99 g(4.65 mmol), 1-乙基-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳酰二亚胺盐酸盐(EDCI)1.03 g(5.37 mmol), 4-二甲氨基吡啶(DMAP)0.44 g(3.58 mmol), 1-羟基苯并三唑(HOBt)0.48 g(3.58 mmol)和干燥DMF 10 mL,搅拌下于室温反应4 h。加水100 mL,用乙酸乙酯萃取,合并萃取液,用无水硫酸钠干燥,浓缩至1/3,冷却析晶得白色针状结晶4d 1.31 g。
用类似方法合成4a~4c, 4e~4h。
4a: 产率89.11%;1H NMRδ: 7.93(d,J=4.2 Hz 1H, ArH), 7.46(dd,J=4.2 Hz, 1H, ArH), 6.98(d,J=3.6 Hz, 1H, ArH), 5.98(s, 2H, NH), 3.84(t,J=4.5 Hz, 4H, Morpholine-H), 3.48(m, 2H, Piperazine-H), 3.43(t,J=4.8 Hz, 2H, Piperazine-H), 3.18(t,J=6.5 Hz, 2H, Piperazine-H), 2.99(t,J=4.4 Hz, 4H, Morpholine-H), 2.71(t,J=6.9 Hz, 2H, Piperazine-H), 2.33(t,J=5.0 Hz, 2H, CH2), 2.24(t,J=4.8 Hz, 2H, CH2), 2.19(s, 3H, CH3);13C NMRδ: 172.8, 167.2, 155.3, 148.6, 142.5, 132.7, 120.9, 108.4, 97.4, 68.7, 54.9, 50.1, 49.8, 47.2, 32.3, 30.0; IRν: 3 405, 2 947, 2 856, 1 692, 1 625, 1 593, 1 548, 1 496, 1 475 cm-1; HR-ESI-MSm/z: Calcd for C20H28N6O3{[M+H]+}400.220 8, found 400.220 6。
4b: 产率87.68%;1H NMRδ: 7.94(d,J=3.9 Hz, 1H, ArH), 7.47(t,J=8.1 Hz, 1H, ArH), 7.27(d,J=4.4 Hz, 2H, ArH), 6.99(d,J=3.9 Hz, 1H, ArH), 6.88(d,J=4.4 Hz, 1H, ArH), 6.05(s, 2H, NH), 4.24(s, 2H, CH2), 3.84(t,J=4.7 Hz, 4H, Morpholine-H), 3.73(s, 3H, CH3O), 2.99(t,J=4.1 Hz, 4H, Morpholine-H);13C NMRδ: 172.1, 160.5, 153.1, 144.4, 137.4, 130.6, 128.1, 126.3, 114.0, 110.8, 105.6, 94.3, 65.3, 54.9, 55.0, 44.8; IRν: 3 427, 2 959, 2 847, 2 828, 1 681, 1 606,1 548, 1 509, 1 240, 1 114 cm-1; HR-ESI-MSm/z: Calcd for C20H22N4O3{[M+H]+}366.171 0, found 366.171 3。
4c: 产率89.31%;1H NMR(CDCl3)δ: 8.15(d,J=3.9 Hz, 1H, ArH), 7.46(t,J=8.0 Hz, 1H, ArH), 6.93(d,J=3.6 Hz, 1H, ArH), 6.81(m, 3H, ArH), 5.00(s, 2H, NH), 3.91(t,J=4.2 Hz, 4H, Morpholine-H), 3.86(m, 6H, CH3O), 3.33(m, 2H, Morpholine-H), 3.10(m,J=2.6 Hz, 2H, Morpholine-H), 3.07(m,J=8.1 Hz, 4H, CH2);13C NMRδ: 176.5, 154.9, 149.2, 149.0, 144.4, 138.8, 136.4, 129.4, 123.5, 113.6, 114.1, 109.2, 107.1, 94.4, 67.1, 55.9, 53.3, 36.6, 32.5; IRν: 3 453, 3 346, 2 967, 2 842, 1 688, 1 615, 1 516, 1 451, 1 268, 1 113 cm-1; HR-ESI-MSm/z: Calcd for C22H26N4O4{[M+H]+}410.200 1, found 410.200 3。
4d: 产率92.17%;1H NMRδ: 8.09(d,J=3.9 Hz, 1H, ArH), 7.54(t,J=7.8 Hz, 1H, ArH), 7.35(s, 2H, ArH), 7.06(d,J=3.9 Hz, 1H, ArH), 6.05(s, 2H, NH), 3.84(s, 9H, CH3O), 3.75(s, 4H, Morpholine-H), 3.01(s, 4H, Morpholine-H);13C NMRδ: 166.5, 155.5, 154.6, 141.6, 141.4, 137.4, 126.7, 125.0, 107.8, 105.6, 104.8, 94.2, 66.8, 61.2, 56.3, 54.1; IRν: 3 427, 2 950, 2 816, 1 667, 1 622, 1 585, 1 505, 1 237, 1 126, 1 114 cm-1; HR-ESI-MSm/z: Calcd for C21H24N4O5{[M+H]+}412.169 4, found 412.169 5。
4e: 产率90.23%;1H NMR(CDCl3)δ: 8.25(d,J=4.2 Hz, 1H, ArH), 8.01(d,J=3.9 Hz, 2H, ArH), 7.51(t,J=8.0 Hz, 1H, ArH), 7.42(m, 2H, ArH), 7.00(d,J=3.8 Hz, 1H, ArH), 5.02(s, 2H, NH), 4.05(m, 4H, CH2O), 3.92(t,J=4.1 Hz, 4H, Morpholine-H), 3.26(s, 1H, CH2), 3.19(s, 1H, CH2), 3.11(t,J=4.4 Hz, 4H, Morpholine-H), 1.28(t,J=7.5 Hz, 6H, CH3);13C NMRδ: 163.1, 153.7, 140.4, 135.4, 135.1, 130.7, 128.6, 126.5, 126.3, 106.8, 104.0, 93.8, 66.3, 61.8, 53.3, 37.7, 15.9; IRν: 3 400, 3 282, 1 650, 1 608, 1 546, 1 514, 1 263, 1 237, 1 121 cm-1; HR-ESI-MSm/z: Calcd for C23H29N4O5P{[M+H]+}472.192 5, found 472.192 5。
4f: 产率88.65%;1H NMR(CDCl3)δ: 8.10(d,J=4.1 Hz, 2H, ArH), 7.42(t,J=8.4 Hz, 1H, ArH), 7.18(t,J=8.3 Hz, 1H, ArH), 6.96(m, 2H, ArH), 6.31(dd,J=2.1 Hz, 8.4 Hz, 1H, ArH), 5.04(s, 2H, NH), 3.90(t,J=4.1 Hz, 4H, Morpholine-H), 3.78(s, 3H, CH3), 3.48(t,J=5.4 Hz, 2H, CH2), 3.08(m, 4H, Morpholine-H), 2.86(m, 2H, CH2);13C NMRδ: 177.8, 171.7, 159.1, 154.7 141.8, 136.4, 131.2, 125.9, 123.6, 115.5, 109.2, 105.0, 93.8, 67.1, 54.6, 54.1, 31.3; IRν: 3 418, 3 325, 2 937, 2 837, 1 678, 1 617, 1 596, 1 540, 1 242, 1 110 cm-1; HR-ESI-MSm/z: Calcd for C22H25N5O4{[M+H]+}424.192 4, found 424.192 6。
4g: 产率87.55%;1H NMR(CDCl3)δ: 9.11(d,J=1.4 Hz, 1H, Pyridine-H), 8.35(dd,J=2.4 Hz, 8.4 Hz, 1H, ArH), 8.25(d,J=4.1 Hz, 1H, Pyridine-H), 7.55(t,J=8.1 Hz, 1H, ArH), 7.45(d,J=4.2 Hz, 1H, ArH), 7.04(d,J=4.1 Hz, 1H, Pyridine-H), 5.08(s, 2H, NH),3.93(t,J=1.8 Hz, 4H, Morpholine-H), 3.11(t,J=4.5 Hz, 4H, Morpholine-H);13C NMRδ: 163.6, 156.1, 151.1, 148.9, 143.8, 137.1, 137.5, 125.3, 123.8, 110.8, 106.0, 94.2, 66.7, 55.3; IRν: 3 399, 3 316, 1 661, 1 610, 1 576, 1 546, 1 457, 1 432, 1 238, 1 114 cm-1; HR-ESI-MSm/z: Calcd for C17H16N5O2Cl{[M+H]+}357.103 7, found 357.103 6。
表1 4a~4h的体外抗肿瘤活性
4h: 产率91.15%;1H NMR(CDCl3)δ: 8.27(d,J=4.2 Hz, 1H, CH=CH), 7.87(q,J=11.4 Hz, 2H, ArH), 7.49(t,J=8.1 Hz, 1H, ArH), 7.31(m, 2H, ArH), 7.20(s,J=3.9 Hz, 1H, ArH), 6.97(d,J=3.9 Hz, 1H, CH=CH), 5.06(s, 2H, NH), 3.90(t,J=6.0 Hz, 4H, Morpholine-H), 3.87(s, 3H, CH3O), 3.17(t,J=4.5 Hz, 4H, Morpholine-H);13C NMRδ: 166.7, 161.7, 155.1, 143.6, 143.1, 138.4, 135.0, 130.2, 126.7, 122.2, 118.2, 115.1, 1138, 109.2, 105.5, 96.0, 67.3, 57.0, 53.5; IRν: 3 394, 2 962, 2 850, 1 677, 1 624, 1 604, 1 577, 1 414, 1 257, 1 105 cm-1; HR-ESI-MSm/z: Calcd for C21H22N4O3{[M+H]+}378.172 0, found 378.172 1。
2 结果与讨论
2.1 抗肿瘤活性
采用MTT法, 以紫杉醇(Taxol)为阳性对照药,K562, SMMC7721, A549和T-47D细胞为受试细胞,对4a~4h进行抗肿瘤活性测试,结果见表1。由表1可见,4a~4h的活性顺序为:4a>4e>4f>4b>4g>4h>4c>4d。 4a的抗肿瘤活性最好,对K-562, SMMC7721和T-47D肿瘤细胞有明显抑制作用,IC50分别为0.056 μmol·L-1, 0.062 μmol·L-1和0.078 μmol·L-1。由表1可推知简单构效关系:R含极性较大基团如吗啉基时,化合物活性增强,反之取代基极性降低时活性有所下降; R上苯环4-位磷酯基活性优于甲氧取代基;R上苯环取代基与酰胺键间碳链缩短有助于活性提高。
2.2 溶解度与安全性实验
由4a~4h的溶解度与安全性实验测试得知,4a水溶性较好,其水中溶解度为5.23 mg·mL-1, 4d溶解性较差,水中溶解度为10.11 mg·L-1, 4e具有较好的安全性,其小鼠LD50为279.94 mg·kg-1, 95%的可信限为232.65~328.49 mg· kg-1。
以2,6-二氟苯腈为起始原料,合成了8个新型吲唑类化合物(4a~4h)。该合成方法工艺简单、产率高且产物易于结晶,无需柱层析分离。体外抗肿瘤活性研究结果表明:4a~4h均有一定的抗肿瘤活性,对慢粒白血病细胞K562、肝癌细胞SMMC7721均有效,有一定广谱抗肿瘤活性。
该研究结果对吲唑类抗肿瘤药物研发具有一定参考价值。
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Synthesis and Antitumor Activities of Novel Indazole Derivatives
ZHOU Yun-peng, HE Chang, SONG Duan-zheng,CHEN Ye, LIU Ju, ZHANG Qiu-shi, WANG Yang*
(New Drug Research and Development Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province,College of Pharmacy, Liaoning Uninversity, Shenyang 110036, China)
2-Fluoro-6-morpholinobenzonitrile(1) was prepared by reaction of 2,6-difluorobenzonitrile with morpholine. 4-Morpholino-1H-indazol-3-amine(2) was synthesized by cyclization of 1 with hydrazine. 2 was coupled with various carboxylic acids to afford eight novel indazole derivatives(4a~4h). The structures were characterized by1H NMR, IR and HR-ESI-MS. The antitumor activities were investigated. The results showed that 4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-N-(4-morpholino-1H-indazol-3-yl)-4-oxobutanamide(4a) exhibited potent antitumor activities against K-562, SMMC7721 and T-47D tumor cell lines with IC50of 0.056 μmol·L-1, 0.062 μmol·L-1and 0.086 μmol·L-1, respectively.
2,6-difluorobenzonitrile; indazole derivative; synthesis; anti-tumor activity
2016-01-13
周云鹏(1974-),男,汉族,辽宁辽阳人,实验师,主要从事药物和有机合成研究。 E-mail: 13390115162@163.com
王洋,副研究员, E-mail: Ldwangyang@163.com
O626; O621.3
A
10.15952/j.cnki.cjsc.1005-1511.2016.04.16019