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从小说中走出小词霸

2016-03-12杨丽

新东方英语·中学版 2016年3期
关键词:杨丽中常会让我学

杨丽

对很多同学来说,单词就像是一座高高的山或是一条宽宽的河,他们更愿意在山脚下或是岸这边歇息,而不愿意跋山涉水。可要学英语就得记单词,就得跋山涉水。那要怎么翻越单词山、跨过单词河呢?其实记单词是有很多方法可循的。除了老师们常提的词根词缀法、联想法等外,我们还可以通过阅读英文小说来帮助加深对单词的记忆。常言道:“爱笑的人,运气都不会太差。”而就英语单词学习而言,我想说:“爱读英文小说的人,英语词汇量都不会太低。”因为他们在平时的阅读过程中不仅强化了背过的单词,而且还积累、吸收了许多新的单词。下面举例说明。

The livelihood of each species in the vast and intricate assemblage of living things depends on the existence of other organisms.

Q: The word "intricate" is closet in meaning to which of the following?

A. difficult B. widespread

C. critical D. complex

这是一道托福阅读题。Intricate一词在英国作家George Orwell的小说《1984》中就出现过:Winston's greatest pleasure in life was in his work. Most of it was a tedious routine, but included in it there were also jobs so difficult and intricate that you could lose yourself in them as in the depths of a mathematical problem—delicate pieces of forgery in which you had nothing to guide you except your knowledge of the principles of Ingsoc (英国式社会主义) and your estimate of what the Party wanted you to say. 如果大家阅读过小说,就知道intricate意为“复杂的”,也就可以轻而易举地选出同样具有“复杂的”之意的complex。值得一提的是,除了intricate,这段话中还有很多托福考试中常会碰到的词,比如tedious (乏味的)、routine (惯例)、delicate (微妙的;精致的;脆弱的)等。

我上学那会儿背了不少SAT单词,但因为很多单词在平时的写作和口语中很少用到,所以印象并不深。等到后来我读Charles Dickens的小说《远大前程》(Great Expectations)时,没想到却把许多之前背过的单词又自动复习了一遍。小说一开头写道:“I (指故事主人公Pip) give Pirrip as my father's family name, on the authority of his tombstone and my sister—Mrs. Joe Gargery, who married the blacksmith (指Pip的姐夫Joe).”看到blacksmith,感觉它就像是最熟悉的陌生人,背过却想不起来它的含义,当看到下文说他工作的地方是一个forge (锻铁的地方)时,我马上就知道了blacksmith指的是“铁匠”。再比如,读到“When I was old enough, I was to be apprenticed to Joe.”时,我又将apprentice (使当学徒)巩固了一遍。书中还提到Pip受邀到村里的怪女人Miss. Havisham家时,Joe担心“Pip was not received with cordiality.”,读到这里,我把cordiality (热诚)又复习了一遍。这本书除了让我巩固了之前记过的单词外,还让我学到了SAT考试中会遇到的很多单词。比如:

Kate's impulsive nature and sudden whims led her friends to label her ____.

A. capricious B. bombastic

C. loquacious D. dispassionate

E. decorous

这道题是《SAT官方指南》中的一道填空题,题干意思是“Kate的冲动本性和突发奇想使她的朋友给她打上了____标签”,五个选项都是不太常见的词语,如果不知道意思,根本无法下手。可如果你读过《远大前程》,记得里面的“I had known that my sister, in her capricious and violent coercion (威压), was unjust to me.”,你就可以轻松选出答案A。题目和小说中的capricious都是“任性的”意思。

限于篇幅,在此不再举例。各位不妨找一本你喜欢且适合你的英文小说读起来,相信过不了多久,你就会成为一个小词霸。

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